考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit7Word格式文档下载.docx
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做题备忘
PartA
Text1
商业经济
390
/10
Text2
科普知识
411
Text3
社会生活
461
Text4
436
PartB
502
PartC
文化教育
402
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
AnewmaladyisrunningrampantlyincorporateAmerica:
managementphobia.Manypeopledon’twanttobemanager,andmanypeoplewhoaremanagersareitchingtojumpoffthemanagementtrack—orhavealready.“Ihatedallthemeetings,”saysa10-yearaward-winningmanager,“AndIfoundthemoreyoudidforpeoplewhoworkedforyou,themoretheyexpected.Iwasacounselor,motivator,financialadviserandpsychologist.”
Withtechnologychanginginawink,wecanneverslackoffthesedaysifwe’reonthetechnicalside.It’sararepersonwhocanmanagetokeepuponthetechnicalsideandhandleamanagementjob,too.Inaddition,withScottAdams’popularcartooncharacteraswellasmanytelevisionsituationcomediesroutinelyportrayingmanagersasmoronsorenemies,theyjustdon’tgetmuchrespectanymore.
Supervisingotherswasalwaysatoughtask,butinthepastthatstresswasoffsetbyhopesforcareermobilityandfinancialrewards.Alongwithasizablepayraise,peoplechosenasmanagerswouldbeginanearlyautomaticclimbupthecareerladdertolucrativeexecutiveperks:
stockoptions,companycars,clubmemberships,plusthekeytoexecutivewashroom.Butintoday’sglobal,morecompetitivearena,amanagersitsonaninsecureperch.Restructuringhaveeliminatedlayerafterlayerofmanagementascompaniescametoviewtheirorganizationsascollectionsofcompetenciesratherthanhierarchies.Therearefarfewerrungsonthecorporateladderformanagerstoclimb.Inaddition,managerialjobsdemandmorehoursandheadachesthaneverbeforebutofferslimfinancialpaybacksandperks.
Inanageofentrepreneurship,whenthemostpraisedpeopleinbusinessarethoselaunchingsomethingnew,managementseemslikeaninvisible,thanklessrole.Employersarelookingforpeoplewhocandothings,notforpeoplewhomakeotherpeopledothings.Managementlayoffshavedonemuchtoerodeinterestinmanagerialjobs.
Withmorepeoplewaryofjoiningmanagement,arecorporationsbeinghurtorworryingaboutdevelopingfutureleaders?
Nomanyare.Whileemployershavedismissedalotofmanagers,theybelieveasurpluslingersonatmanycompanies.“Anotherreasoncompaniesaren’tshortofmanagers”,contendsRobertKelley,aCarnegieMellonUniversitybusinessprofessor,“isthatsomanyworkerstodayareself-managed,eitherindividuallyorviateams,youdon’tneedamanager.”
1.Thewordsof10-yearaward-winningmanagerimpliesthat
[A]managerialjobsdemandmorehoursandoffermoreheadaches.
[B]managersshouldnotdotoomuchbeyondthescopeofhisjob.
[C]beingamanagerrequiresmanyotherskillsbesidesmanagement.
[D]apersoncangetalotofdevelopmentinamanagementrole.
2.Theword“perk”(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans
[A]privileges.[B]status.
[C]mobility.[D]rungs.
3.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsappliestotoday’smanagers?
[A]Theirstresscanbereducedbythefinancialandemotionalrewards.
[B]Theybegintoneglecttheirdevelopmentonthetechnicalside.
[C]Theydon’tfeelsecureintheirpositionsbecauseofthereductionincompanyhierarchies.
[D]Theyarenotrespectedanymorebythemediadespiteoftheirhardefforts.
4.Whichskilldoemployersvaluemostinthisageofentrepreneurship?
[A]Management.[B]Creativity.
[C]Cooperation.[D]Diligence.
5.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat
[A]thelossofinterestinthemanagerialjobswoulddamageAmericancorporateculture.
[B]moreandmoremanagerswouldbelaidoffinordertorelievethefinancialburden.
[C]thosewhoarestilllingeringonmanagerialjobsarenotforesighted.
[D]manyemployeesaretosomeextentamanagerofthemselves.
Man’spuzzlementandpreoccupationwithtimebothderiveultimatelyfromhisuniquerelationshiptoit.Allanimalsexistintimeandarechangedbyit;
onlymancanmanipulateit.
LikeProust,theFrenchauthorwhoseexperiencesbecamehisliterarycapital,mancanrecapturethepast.Hecanalsosummonupthingstocome,displayingimaginationandforesightalongwithmemory.Itcanbeargued,indeed,thatmemoryandforesightednessaretheessenceofintelligence;
thatman’sabilitytomanipulatetime,toemploybothpastandfutureasguidestopresentaction,iswhatmakeshimhuman.
Tobesure,manyanimalscanreacttotimeafterafashion.Aratcanlearntopressaleverthatwill,afteradelayofsome25seconds,rewarditwithabitoffood.Butifthedelaystretchesbeyond30seconds,theanimalisstumped.Itcannolongerassociaterewardto“far”inthefuturewithpresentlever-pressing.
Monkeys,moreintelligentthanrats,arebetterabletodealwithtime.Ifoneofthemisallowedtoseefoodbeinghiddenunderoneoftwocups,itcanpickouttherightcupevenafter90secondshavepassed.Butafterthattimeinterval,themonkey’shuntforthefoodisnobetterthanchancepredicts.
Withtheapes,man’snearestcousins,“timesense”takesabigstepforward.Evenunderlaboratoryconditions,quitedifferentfromthosetheyencounterinthewild,apessometimesshowremarkableabilitytomanipulatethepresenttoobtainafuturegoal.Achimpanzee,forexample,canlearntostackfourboxes,oneatoptheother,asaplatformfromwhichitcanreachahangingbanana.Chimpanzees,indeed,carrytheirabilitytocopewiththefuturetothethresholdofhumancapacity:
theycanmaketools.Anditisbythemakingoftools—physicaltoolsascrudeasastonechopper,mentaltoolsassubtleasamathematicalequation—thatmancharacteristicallypreparesforfuturecontingencies.
Chimpanzeesinthewildhavebeenseentostripatwigofitsleavestomakeaprobeforextractingtermitesfromtheirhole.Significantly,however,theapedoesnotmakethistoolbeforesettingoutonatermitehunt,butonlywhenitactuallyseestheinsectsortheirnest.Here,aswiththebananaandthecrates,theapecandealonlywithafuturethatisimmediateandvisible—andthushalfwayintothepresent.
6.Thesentence“LikeProust,…recapturethepast”(Line1,Para.2)showsthat
[A]Proustwroteaboutpastexperiences.
[B]Proustdescribedman’sdevelopmentoftimesense.
[C]Proustdiscoveredthingsaboutthefuturebyrelivingthepast.
[D]Proustwroteprimarilytoimprovehisfuturelife.
7.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Monkeysandapesarealmostasintelligentasman.
[B]Memoryandforesightcontributetointelligence.
[C]Mandevelopedfromapes.
[D]Chimpanzees’senseoftimeisasgoodasman’s.
8.Theword“stump”(Line3,Para.3)mostprobablymeans
[A]confuse.
[B]inspire.
[C]frighten.
[D]disappoint.
9.Itissignificantthatchimpanzeesmaketools,butitismoreimportantthat
[A]thetoolstheymakearecrude.
[B]theystackitemstomakeplatforms.
[C]theycanmakeupsimpleequations.
[D]theynevermaketoolsbeforetheyneedthem.
10.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthetext?
[A]Howapesunderstandtimerelationships.
[B]Man’spreoccupationwithpastandfutureevents.
[C]Howman’stimesenseseparateshimfromanimals.
[D]Timesenseinanimals.
Childrenareinneedofadoptionbecausesomebirthparentsareunableorunavailabletoprovideadequatelyfortheneedsoftheirchild.Therearenumerousreasonsformakinganadoptionplan.Birthparentsmayfeeltheycannottakeontheresponsibilityofanunplannedchildbecausetheyaretooyoungorbecausetheyarefinanciallyoremotionallyunabletoprovidepropercare.Theydonotfeelreadyorabletobegoodparents.
Inothercaseschildrenareinneedofadoptionbecausecourtshavedecidedthattheirbirthparentsareunabletofunctionadequately.Manyofthesechildrenarevictimsofabuseorneglect.Regardlessofhowchildrencometoneedadoption,theyareputwithadoptiveparentsthroughprivateorpublicsocialserviceagencies.Otheradoptionsmaybearrangedindependently,aswhenbirthparentsandadoptiveparentscometoknoweachotheroutsideofanagencyandthencompletetheadoptionaccordingtothelawsandregulationsoftheirstatesofresidence.
Intheearly1970stherewasadramaticincreaseinthenumberoffamiliesseekingtoadopt,aconditionwhichpersiststoday.Forthisreason,thenumberofthosewhowishtoadoptregularlyexceedsthenumberofinfantsavailable.Reasonsforthisdramaticincreasearevaried.Amajorfactorhasbeenthechoiceofmanypeopletodelaythestartofafamilyuntillaterinlife.Manyofthesepeople,inturn,havefoundthemselvestobelessfertileatthattime,andsotheyhavedecidedthattheirdesiretohavechildrenmightbestbefulfilledthroughadoption.
Ineverystate,however,therearechildrenwhoarelegallyfreetobeadoptedbutaredesperatelywaitingforparents.Thechildreninthisgroupareusuallyolderandoftenhavespecialneeds.Theymayrequireadditionalcarefromaparentbecauseoftheirphysical,emotional,ormentaldisabilitieswhichmayhavebeencausedbyabuse,neglect,ormedicalorgeneticfactors.Becauseoftheirspecialneeds,thesechildrenarechallengingtorear.Infact,adoptionexpertsbelievethatpeoplewhoadoptthesechildrenneedspecialtrainingandpreparationinordertosuccessfullyrearthechildandtointegratethechildintothefamilyandeventuallyintosociety.
Incasesofinternationaladopt