考研英语真题试题Word下载.docx

考研英语真题试题Word下载.docx

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diesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.

Anyway，theactoflaughingprobably

doesproduceothertypesof

___10___

feedback，thatimproveanindividual

‘emotionalsstate.__11____oneclassical

theoryofemotion，ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.It

wasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears，evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow

__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988，socialpsychologist

FritzStrackoftheUniversityofwrzburginGermanyü

askedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips，whichwouldproducea（n）__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown，____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheother

wayaround__20__，thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

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15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

（40points）

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart，theresponsehasbeen

favorable，tosaytheleast.“！

HoorayAtlast！

”wroteAnthonyTommasini，a

sober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise，however，isthat

Gilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini，whohadadvocated

Gilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes，callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez，thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart，IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure，heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions，butitis

notnecessaryfor

metovisitAveryFisherHall，oranywhereelse，tohear

interestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf，orbootupmy

computeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswho

replythat

recordingsarenosubstitutefor

live

performancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime，attention，andmoneyof

the

art-loving

public，classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenot

onlywithopera

houses，dancetroupes，theatercompanies，andmuseums，butalsowith

recordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansof

the20thcentury.There

recordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere，andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistic

qualitythantoday

‘sliveperformances；

moreover，theycanbe

“consumed”ata

timeandplaceof

thelistener

choosing’

.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuch

recordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassical

concert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformersto

programattractivenew

musicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert

‘sowninterestinnewmusichasbe

widelynoted：

AlexRoss，aclassical-musiccritic，hasdescribedhimasamanwho

iscapableof

turningthePhilharmonicinto

“amarkedlydifferent，morevibrant

organization.

”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference？

Merelyexpandingthe

orchestra

’repertoireswillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicareto

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succeed，theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica‘soldestorchestra

andthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert‘sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext，whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings？

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert‘sinrolerevitalizingthePhilharmonic，theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust，his

explanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses，hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision，”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks，hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup，whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworld

abouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn‘talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesat

AvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingfora

CEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodon’getthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

3/10

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold，deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter，CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad，accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup，opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.

Foryearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractive

CEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/Ferryseniorpartner

DennisCarey：

“Ican‘thinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnot

instructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven‘talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage，sayingshewantedtobea

CEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“The

traditionalrulewasit‘ssafertostaywhere，youbtarethat’snbeefundamentally

inverted，”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho‘vebeenhurttheworstarethose

who’vestayedtoolong.”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture，hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutives‘quittingmaybespurredby[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached（”Line3，Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.