chapter1英国文艺复兴时期Word格式.docx

chapter1英国文艺复兴时期Word格式.docx

《chapter1英国文艺复兴时期Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《chapter1英国文艺复兴时期Word格式.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

　　BriefIntroductiontotheRenaissancePeriod

　　1.应用DefinitionsoftheLiteraryTerms：

　　1.TheRenaissance：

TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally，itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&

17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly，withthefloweringofpainting，sculpture&

literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance，whichmeans"

rebirth"

or"

revival，"

isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents，suchasthere-discoveryofancientRoman&

Greekculture，thenewdiscoveriesingeography&

astrology，thereligiousreformation&

theeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance，therefore，inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&

scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope，tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie，&

torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

　　2.Humanism：

　　HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious，intellectualside，fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning，humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment，butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections，andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion，explore，andenjoy.Thus，byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife，theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife，buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore，ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.

　　3.Spenserianstanza：

斯宾塞诗体

　　SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanzaofninelines，withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter&

thelastlineiniambichexameter，rhymingababbcbcc.

　　4.Metaphysicalpoetry：

　　Theterm"

metaphysicalpoetry"

iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.Witharebelliousspirit，themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods，andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryindrawnfromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet'

sbeloved，withGod，orwithhimself.

　　5.TheRenaissancehero：

　　ARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition，facingbravelythechallengefrombothgodsandmen.HeembodiesMarlowe'

shumanisticidesofhumandignityandcapacity.Differentfromthetragicheroinmedievalplays，whoseeksthewaytoheaventhroughsalvationandgod'

swill，heisagainstconventionalmoralityandcontrivestoobtainheavenonearththroughhisownefforts.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower，knowledge，andglory，theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.BothTamburlaineandFaustusaretypicalinpossessingsuchaspirit.

（二）该时期的重要作家

　　1.一般识记：

重要作家的文学生涯

　　2.识记：

重要作品及主要内容

　　3.领会：

重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法，社会意义等。

　　4.应用：

（1）莎士比亚和邓恩诗歌的主题，意象

（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物性格分析

　　（3）哈姆雷特的性格分析

　　（4）史诗《失乐园》的结构，人物性格，语言特点等的分析

　　1.EdmundSpenser

　　1.一般识记

　　BriefIntroductiontotheAuthorEnglishpoet，borninLondon，England，about1552，anddiedinLondon，Jan13，1599.

　　2.识记

　　HisMajorWorksSpenser'

smostimportantwork&

masterpieceisTheFaerieQueen，agreatpoemofitsage.Acomplexmoral，religious，&

politicalallegory，itisalsoanepicthatexaltsQueenElizabethⅠ&

theEnglishnation.AccordingtoSpenser'

sownexplanation，hisprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha"

historicalpoem"

theexampleofaperfectgentleman：

"

tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuous&

gentlediscipline."

ItsprincipalheroistheArthurofmedievallegend.Thesixbooksofthepoemillustratethenatureofparticularvirtues，suchas，temperance&

justice.OthermajorworksofSpenserareTheShepherdCalendar（1579），apoemconsistingof12eclogues-correspondingtothe12monthsoftheyear；

Epithalamion（1595），apoemexpressingthedeeppersonalfeelingsoccasionedbythepoetssecondmarriage；

Amoretti（1595），aseriesofsonnets.

　3.领会

　　HisInfluence

　　1）MainqualitiesofSpenser'

spoetry

　　①aperfectmelody

　　②araresenseofbeauty

　　③asplendidimagination

　　④aloftymoralpurity&

seriousness

　　⑤adedicatedidealism

　　2）Inhiswriting，Spenserdrewontheconventions&

thoughtofClassical，medieval，&

Renaissanceliterature.However，headdedtohisfusionofthesediverseelementsmuchthatwasoriginal，&

hisworksinspiredmanylaterEnglishpoets.Hecreatedanewstanza，calledtheSpenserianstanza，whichiswellsuitedtonarrativeverse.HisskillsinwritingmelodiousEnglishverse&

hiscombinationofemotion，erudition，&

spiritualvisionhavewonhimtheadmirationofgenerationsofEnglishpoets.Itishisidealism，hisloveofbeauty，&

hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas"

thepoets'

poet."

　　4.应用

　　TheFaerieQueen：

　　1）Itisalong，allegoricalpoem.Inthepoem，Spenserdramatizedpolitical，religious，&

moralthemesbypersonifyingthem，ormakingthemcharacters.

　　2）Plot：

Thestory，whichissetagainstabackgroundofArthur&

medievallegend，dealswiththeadventuresofsixknightsofthecourtofthefairyqueennamedGloriana，whorepresentsQueenElizabethⅠofEnglish.ThefaerieQueenwasleftunfinishedatSpenser'

sdeath.Itwasoriginallyplannedasa12-bookpoem.Butonly6bookswerecompleted.Thepoemisparticularlyadmiredforthemelodicbeautyofitslanguage&

foritsrichcontentofphilosophical&

mythologicalmaterialpresentedintheformofvividnarratives.

　　II.ChristopherMarlowe

　　BriefIntroduction

　　Englishdramatist&

poet，borninCanterbury，England，Feb，6，1567，diedinDeptford，England，May30，1593.MarlowewasthefirstgreatEnglishDramatist.HebroughttotheEnglishstageanewconceptoftragedy，oneinwhichthedramacentersaroundthestrugglesofamanoverwhelmedbyhispassions&

ambitions.

　　HisMajorWorks

　　HismostfamoustragediesareDoctorFaustus，TheJewofMalta，Tamburlaine&

EdwardⅡ。

Inhisplays，Marloweusedblankverse，whichhemoldedintoasuperbinstrumentforexpressingintenseemotions.AfterhisdevelopmentofblankverseitbecamethestandardmediumforEnglishdramatic&

epicpoetry.Hisnon-dramaticpoetryincludesHero&

Leander，"

thePassionateshepherdtoHislove，"

&

aversetranslationofOvid'

sAmores.

　　Marlowe'

sDoctorFaustus（about1589），generallyconsideredhisbestplay，wasbasedonarealDr.Faustus，whowaslaterassociatedwithamedievallegendofamansellinghissoultothedevil.Theplay'

sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge，power&

happiness；

italsorevealsman'

sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Thelastscene，inwhichFaustusconfrontshisdoom，brilliantlyrendersthefear&

agonyofacondemnedman.

　　TheJewofMalta（about1589）illustratesMarlowe'

soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero，BarabastheJew，servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare'

sTheMerchantofVenice.Inabout1592.MarlowewroteoneofthefirstsuccessfulEnglishhistoricaldramas，EdwardⅡ。

Itishismostdramaticallymatureplay&

exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization，stagecraft&

rhetoric.

　　Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitious&

pitilessTartarconquerorinthefourteenthcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringKing.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambition&

sheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother，MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepower&

authority.

　　3.领会

　　HisAchievements&

Influence

　　Achievements：

Marlowe'

sgreatestachievementliesinthathe　perfectedtheblankverse&

madeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.

　　HissecondachievementishiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.ThethemeofhisworksisthepraiseoftheRenaissancespirit.

　　Hisinfluence：

Amanofwidelearning，Marlowewasoneoftheextraordinarypoets&

playwrightsofhistime."

smightyline，"

asBenJonsoncalledhisblankverse，wasoneofthemostimportantcontributionstotheartofEnglishliterature.

　　Dr.Faustus

　　TheselectionofActⅠfromDr.FaustusismainlyaboutFaustusisshowinghisgreatambition，thatis，ifhehadmanysouls，hewouldgivethemalltotheDevilsothathecouldcontroltheworld.InportrayingFaustus，amoreintrospective&

philosophicalfigurethanTamburlaine，MarlowepraiseshissoaringaspirationforknowledgewhilewarningagainstthesinofpridesinceFaustus'

sdownfallwascausedbyhisd