完整版基础英语2主编何兆熊Unit2TheVirtuesofGrowingOlder课后练习答案文档格式.docx
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Paragraph4:
thesecondsentence;
Paragraph5:
thefirstsentence.
SectionFourConsolidationActivities
Partone.VocabularyAnalysis
I.Phrasepractice
1.areaptto=arelikelyto易于……，有……的倾向
e.g.Infantsareapttoputtheirhandsintotheirmouths.婴儿爱把手往嘴里塞。
2.fallapart=breakup/disintegrate
3.ingeneral=asawhole通常，大体上；
总的来说，从总体上看
e.g.Ingeneral,thiscompany’sproductsareveryreliable.这家公司的产品通常是很可靠的。
Ingeneral,thispaperisabitdifficultforthesestudentstofinishinanhour.总的来说，让学生在一个小时内完成这份试卷有些困难。
4.atthemercyof=powerlessagainst;
completelycontrolledby对……无能为力；
任……处置，任由……摆布
e.g.Somepeoplearebornwiththebeliefthattheyaremastersoftheirownlives.Othersfeeltheyareatthemercyoffate.有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另一些人则觉得他们受到命运的支配。
Idon’twanttoputmyselfatthemercyofothers.我不希望任由他人摆布。
5.nowonder=notsurprising/onlytoonatural不足为奇，并不奇怪
e.g.Itisnowonderthatitissowetinthesouth.南方这么潮湿，并不奇怪。
Nowonderyou’resotired,you’veworkedthreehourswithoutabreak.难怪你这么累，你已经连续工作了三个小时。
Itisnowonderthathefailedhisfinalexam.他没能通过期末考试，这是不足为怪的。
II.
1.delay;
2.Feverishly;
3.faç
ade;
4.confronted;
5.premise;
6.dreaded;
7.automatically;
8.awaiting.
III.Wordderivation
Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Shehasgotthisobsessive（obsess）fearoflosingcontrol,soshenevershowsheremotions.
2.Peopleunderalotofstressatworkwilloftenexperiencemoodiness（mood）,irritabilityandalossofconfidence.
3.Theywantedatolerable（tolerate）existence—morefood,bettershelter,andpeace.
4.Intheend,thecompanyanditsinvestorscametoamutuallybeneficial（benefit）arrangement.
5.Workingwiththementallyhandicappedcanbeasatisfying（satisfy）andrewardingexperience.
6.Frogscansearchforfoodunderwater,hidden（hide）frombirdsofprey.
7.WhenIaskedheraboutwhereshewantedthemeetingtobeheld,shedidn’texpressanyparticularpreference（prefer）.
8.Thecommitteehasmadefourspecificcriticisms（critical）ofthegovernment’stransportationpolicy.
1.obsessv.（使）牵挂，（使）惦念，（使）着迷obsesseda.着迷的
obsessionn.困扰，沉迷，着魔obsessivea.着迷的，强迫性的，分神的
e.g.爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。
Alicewasobsessedbyaboyshehasjustmet.
他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。
He’salwayswantedtofindhisfatherbutrecentlyit’sbecomeanobsession.
2.moodn.心情，情绪moodya.易怒的，喜怒无常的，情绪化的
moodinessn.忧郁
e.g.我每个星期日情绪都很坏。
IamalwaysinabadmoodonSunday.
我的妻子在医院里心情不好。
Mywifeismoodyatthehospital.
3.toleratev.容忍，忍受tolerablea.可容忍的
toleranta.宽容的，容忍的
e.g.她能忍受寒冷的天气。
Shecantoleratethecolddays.
这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。
Theheatwastolerableatnight.
4.benefitn.利益；
津贴beneficiala.有益的，有利的
beneficiaryn.受惠者，受益人
e.g.这项工程对每个人都大有好处。
Thisprojectisofgreatbenefittoeveryone.
新鲜空气有益于健康。
Freshairisbeneficialtoourhealth.
她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。
Herhusbandisthechiefbeneficiaryofherwill.
5.satisfyv.使满意，满足satisfactionn.满意
satisfactorya.令人满意的
e.g.观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。
Lookingatabeautifulpaintingalwaysgivesonesatisfaction.
她对现状根本不满意。
Sheisnotatallsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.
6.hidev.隐藏，隐瞒hidingn.隐藏，躲藏
hiddena.隐藏的，秘密的
e.g.她设法不表露自己的感情。
Shetriedtohideherfeelings.
警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。
Thepolicearefollowingamurdererwho’sinhiding.
7.preferv.较喜欢；
宁可preferablea.更好的，更合意的
preferencen.偏爱，优先，喜爱物preferentiala.优先的；
优惠的
e.g.我更喜欢牛奶，而不是咖啡。
Iprefermilktocoffee.
我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。
Myfatherfindscountrylifepreferabletolivinginthecity.
对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。
Inconsideringpeopleforjobs,wegivepreferencetothosewithsomeexperience.
8.criticala.批评的；
决定性的，关键的criticn.批评家，评论家
criticismn.批评，评论criticizev.批评；
非难
e.g.他的行为招致尖锐的批评。
Hisbehaviorcalledforthsharpcriticism.
他批评了我的冒险活动。
Hecriticizedmytakingrisks.
IV.
1.C;
2.D;
3.A;
4.A;
5.B;
6.D;
7.C;
8.B.
V.Synonym/Antonym
Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.AdvertisementsconvinceustobuyGrecianFormulaandOilofOlaysowecanhidethegrayinourhair.
Synonym:
conceal,disguise
2.Mylegsweretooheavy,myshoulderstoobroad,mywaisttoobig.
Antonym:
narrow
3.TheircontentmentholdsoutgreatpromiseformeasImoveintothenext—perhapsevenbetter—phaseofmylife.
satisfaction,happiness,joy
4.TheVirtuesofGrowingOlder
merits,advantages
5.Myroundedfigureseemsfine,andIdon’tdenymyselfasliceofpecanpieifIfeelinthemood.
fat,plump
6.Daveliftedweights,tookmegadosesofvitaminsanddrankahalf-dozenmilkshakesadayinordertoturnhiswiryadolescentframeintosomemuscularideal.
well-built
7.Thetwoofusenjoywearingfashionableclothes,butwearenolongerslavestostyle.
old-fashioned,outdated
8.Obviously,Istillhaveimportantchoicestomakeaboutmylife,butIhavealreadymademanyofthecriticaldecisionsthatconfrontthosejuststartingout.
clearly,evidently
VI.Prefix
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.prefaceprepare5.peripheryperimeter
2.prologueprogress6.dialoguediameter
3.foresightforesee7.semifinalsemiconductor
4.paralysisparallel8.devaluatedecelerate
1.Explanation:
pre-:
beforesomeoneorsomething
e.g.prewar,precondition,precaution,prediction
2.Explanation:
pro-:
before
e.g.proceed,procession,provision
3.Explanation:
fore-:
beforeorinthefrontof
e.g.foreword,foretell,forecast,forehead
4.Explanation:
para-:
ononeside
e.g.paragraph,parallel
5.Explanation:
per-:
surrounding
e.g.periodic,period
6.Explanation:
dia-:
passthroughbetweensth.
e.g.dialectic,diagram,diagnosis
7.Explanation:
semi-:
halforpartly
e.g.semicircle,semi-final,semi-skilled
8.Explanation:
de-:
reduce
e.g.declass,degrade,deduce
PartTwoGrammarExercises
1.concretenouns&
abstractnouns
Concretenounsarewordsweuseforpeople,places,orthingsthatwecanobservewithatleastoneofourfivesenses.Theabstractclassistheopposite—wecanneverexperiencethesenounsaccordingtooursenses.
Whilethisdistinctionissometimesuseful,theboundarybetweenconcreteandabstractisnotalwaysclear.Somenounscanbeusedasuncountablenounswhentheyrefertoathingingeneralandcountablenounswhentheyrefertoaparticularinstanceofit,consider,forexample,thenounart,whichusuallyreferstoaconcept:
e.g.Artisanimportantelementofhumanculture.
Butitcanrefertoaspecificartworkincertaincontexts:
e.g.Iputmydaughter’sartuponthefridge.
Thisistheproblemofcontextwithinsentences.
I.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeappropriateformsofthenounsgiven.
1.agony.
2.agonies.
3.experience.
4.experiences.
5.youth.
6.ayouth.
7.Mychildrenare__agreathelp__tome.（great,help）
8.Theboyhad__agoodknowledge__ofmathematics.（good,knowledge）
9.agrayhair
10.Heislookingfor__work__.（work）
II.1A;
2B;
3D;
4C;
5A;
6B;
7B;
8C.
III.alotof;
alittle;
some;
afew;
A;
alotof;
X.
many;
X;
alotof.
2.quantifiers&
determiners（every,each,everyone,everyone,all）
Eachandeveryhavesimilarbutnotalwaysidenticalmeanings.
each=everyoneseparately
every=each,all
Sometimes,eachandeveryhavethesamemeaning:
e.g.Pricesgoupeachyear.
Pricesgoupeveryyear.
Butoftentheyarenotexactlythesame.
Eachexpressestheideaof“onebyone”.Itemphasizesindividuality.
e.g.Eachartistseesthingsdifferently.
Everyishalf-waybetweeneachandall.Itseesthingsorpeopleassingular,butinagrouporingeneral.
e.g.EverysoldiersalutedasthePresidentarrived.
Eachcanbeusedinfrontoftheverb:
e.g.Thesoldierseachreceivedamedal.
Eachcanbefollowedby“of”:
e.g.ThePresidentspoketoeachofthesoldiers.
Everycannotbeusedfortwothingswhileeachcan:
e.g.Hewascarryingasuitcaseineachhand.
Everyisusedtosayhowoftensomethinghappens:
e.g.ThereisaplanetoBangkokeveryday.
Everyonemeans“everybody”andisusedwhenyouwanttorefertoallthepeopleinagroup:
e.g.Everyoneinmyfamilylikesspaghetti.
Butifyou’rereferringtotheindividualswhomakeupagroup,thenthephraseiseveryone.“Eachandeveryone”youshouldneversubstituteeveryone,foreveryoneassingularorplural:
e.g.WewisheachandeveryoneofyouaMerryChristmas.
Allismoreoftenusedwithpluralverbforms,thoughsometimesitisusedwithsingularverbs.However,ifwewishtospecifythethingsorpeopleunderdiscussion,wecanuseallorallofwithnounsandpronounsandthecorrespondinglycorrectsingularorpluralverbforms.
e.g
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