完整版基础英语2主编何兆熊Unit2TheVirtuesofGrowingOlder课后练习答案文档格式.docx

1、 Paragraph 4: the second sentence; Paragraph 5: the first sentence.Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesPart one. Vocabulary AnalysisI. Phrase practice1. are apt to= are likely to 易于，有的倾向e.g. Infants are apt to put their hands into their mouths. 婴儿爱把手往嘴里塞。2. fall apart= break up / disintegrate3. in

2、general= as a whole 通常，大体上；总的来说，从总体上看e.g. In general, this companys products are very reliable. 这家公司的产品通常是很可靠的。 In general, this paper is a bit difficult for these students to finish in an hour. 总的来说，让学生在一个小时内完成这份试卷有些困难。4. at the mercy of= powerless against; completely controlled by 对无能为力；任处置，任由摆布e.

3、g. Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate. 有些人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另一些人则觉得他们受到命运的支配。I dont want to put myself at the mercy of others. 我不希望任由他人摆布。5. no wonder= not surprising / only too natural 不足为奇，并不奇怪e.g. It is no wonder tha

4、t it is so wet in the south. 南方这么潮湿，并不奇怪。No wonder youre so tired, youve worked three hours without a break. 难怪你这么累，你已经连续工作了三个小时。It is no wonder that he failed his final exam. 他没能通过期末考试，这是不足为怪的。II.1. delay; 2. Feverishly; 3. faade; 4. confronted; 5. premise; 6. dreaded; 7. automatically; 8. awaiting

5、.III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. She has got this obsessive （obsess） fear of losing control, so she never shows her emotions.2. People under a lot of stress at work will often experience moodiness （mood）, irritability and a loss of confidence.3

6、. They wanted a tolerable （tolerate） existence more food, better shelter, and peace.4. In the end, the company and its investors came to a mutually beneficial （benefit） arrangement.5. Working with the mentally handicapped can be a satisfying （satisfy） and rewarding experience.6. Frogs can search for

7、 food underwater, hidden （hide） from birds of prey.7. When I asked her about where she wanted the meeting to be held, she didnt express any particular preference （prefer）.8. The committee has made four specific criticisms （critical） of the governments transportation policy.1. obsess v. （使）牵挂，（使）惦念，（

8、使）着迷 obsessed a. 着迷的obsession n. 困扰，沉迷，着魔 obsessive a. 着迷的，强迫性的，分神的e.g. 爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met.他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。Hes always wanted to find his father but recently its become an obsession.2. mood n. 心情，情绪 moody a. 易怒的，喜怒无常的，情绪化的moodiness n. 忧郁e.g. 我每个星期日

9、情绪都很坏。I am always in a bad mood on Sunday.我的妻子在医院里心情不好。My wife is moody at the hospital.3. tolerate v. 容忍，忍受 tolerable a. 可容忍的tolerant a. 宽容的，容忍的e.g. 她能忍受寒冷的天气。She can tolerate the cold days.这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。The heat was tolerable at night.4. benefit n. 利益；津贴 beneficial a. 有益的，有利的beneficiary n. 受惠者，受益

10、人e.g. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。This project is of great benefit to everyone.新鲜空气有益于健康。Fresh air is beneficial to our health.她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。Her husband is the chief beneficiary of her will.5. satisfy v. 使满意，满足 satisfaction n. 满意satisfactory a. 令人满意的e.g. 观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。Looking at a beautiful painting always giv

11、es one satisfaction.她对现状根本不满意。She is not at all satisfied with the present situation.6. hide v. 隐藏，隐瞒 hiding n. 隐藏，躲藏hidden a. 隐藏的，秘密的e.g. 她设法不表露自己的感情。She tried to hide her feelings.警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。The police are following a murderer whos in hiding.7. prefer v. 较喜欢；宁可 preferable a. 更好的，更合意的preference

12、 n. 偏爱，优先，喜爱物 preferential a. 优先的；优惠的e.g. 我更喜欢牛奶，而不是咖啡。I prefer milk to coffee.我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。My father finds country life preferable to living in the city.对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience.8. critical a. 批评的；决定性的，关键的 critic n.

13、批评家，评论家criticism n. 批评，评论 criticize v. 批评；非难e.g. 他的行为招致尖锐的批评。His behavior called forth sharp criticism.他批评了我的冒险活动。He criticized my taking risks.IV.1. C; 2. D; 3. A; 4. A; 5. B; 6. D; 7. C; 8. B.V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it i

14、s used.1. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair.Synonym: conceal, disguise2. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big.Antonym: narrow3. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next per

15、haps even better phase of my life. satisfaction, happiness, joy4. The Virtues of Growing Older merits, advantages5. My rounded figure seems fine, and I dont deny myself a slice of pecan pie if I feel in the mood. fat, plump6. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins and drank a half-dozen mil

16、k shakes a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal. well-built7. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style. old-fashioned, outdated8. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my life, but I have already made m

17、any of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out. clearly, evidentlyVI. Prefix Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. preface prepare 5. periphery perimeter 2. prologue progress 6. dialogue diameter 3. foresight foresee 7. semifin

18、al semiconductor 4. paralysis parallel 8. devaluate decelerate 1. Explanation: pre- : before someone or somethinge.g. prewar, precondition, precaution, prediction2. Explanation: pro- : beforee.g. proceed, procession, provision3. Explanation: fore- : before or in the front ofe.g. foreword, foretell,

19、forecast, forehead4. Explanation: para- :on one sidee.g. paragraph, parallel5. Explanation: per- : surroundinge.g. periodic, period6. Explanation: dia- : pass through between sth.e.g. dialectic, diagram, diagnosis7. Explanation: semi-: half or partlye.g. semicircle, semi-final, semi-skilled8. Explan

20、ation: de-: reducee.g. declass, degrade, deducePart Two Grammar Exercises1. concrete nouns & abstract nounsConcrete nouns are words we use for people, places, or things that we can observe with at least one of our five senses. The abstract class is the opposite we can never experience these nouns ac

21、cording to our senses.While this distinction is sometimes useful, the boundary between concrete and abstract is not always clear. Some nouns can be used as uncountable nouns when they refer to a thing in general and countable nouns when they refer to a particular instance of it, consider, for exampl

22、e, the noun art, which usually refers to a concept:e. g. Art is an important element of human culture.But it can refer to a specific artwork in certain contexts:e.g. I put my daughters art up on the fridge.This is the problem of context within sentences.I. Complete the following sentences with the a

23、ppropriate forms of the nouns given.1. agony.2. agonies.3. experience.4. experiences.5. youth.6. a youth.7. My children are _a great help_ to me. （great, help）8. The boy had _a good knowledge_ of mathematics. （good, knowledge）9. a gray hair10. He is looking for _work_. （work）II. 1 A; 2 B; 3 D; 4 C;

24、5 A; 6 B; 7 B; 8 C.III. a lot of; a little; some; a few; A; a lot of; X.many; X; a lot of.2. quantifiers & determiners （every, each, everyone, every one, all）Each and every have similar but not always identical meanings.each = every one separatelyevery = each, allSometimes, each and every have the s

25、ame meaning:e. g. Prices go up each year.Prices go up every year.But often they are not exactly the same.Each expresses the idea of “one by one”. It emphasizes individuality.e. g. Each artist sees things differently.Every is half-way between each and all. It sees things or people as singular, but in

26、 a group or in general.e. g. Every soldier saluted as the President arrived.Each can be used in front of the verb:e. g. The soldiers each received a medal.Each can be followed by “of”:e. g. The President spoke to each of the soldiers.Every cannot be used for two things while each can:e. g. He was ca

27、rrying a suitcase in each hand.Every is used to say how often something happens:e. g. There is a plane to Bangkok every day.Everyone means “everybody” and is used when you want to refer to all the people in a group:e. g. Everyone in my family likes spaghetti.But if youre referring to the individuals

28、 who make up a group, then the phrase is every one. “Each and every one” you should never substitute everyone, for everyone as singular or plural:e.g. We wish each and every one of you a Merry Christmas.All is more often used with plural verb forms, though sometimes it is used with singular verbs. However, if we wish to specify the things or people under discussion, we can use all or all of with nouns and pronouns and the correspondingly correct singular or plural verb forms.e. g