学年高三年级考前冲刺卷全国卷与公共版2份Word文件下载.docx

学年高三年级考前冲刺卷全国卷与公共版2份Word文件下载.docx

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第一节（共15小题；

每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

IfyoureallyloveElvis,youwon’twanttomissourspecialHoundDogTourinAugust.It’safunmusicaltourexploringtheplacesthatElvislived,worked,andplayed,andhasbecomeanElvisWeektradition.

Butnomatterwhattimeofyear,novisittoMemphisiscompletewithoutatourofElvis’belovedhome,Graceland.SincetherecentremodelingandexpansionoftheVisitor'

sCenter,there’smoretodoandseethaneverbefore!

SeeexcitingElvissitessuchas:

SunStudio

ThePresley’sLauderdaleCourtsapartment

Elvis’highschool

TheOvertonParkShell,thetheaterwhereheperformedhisfirstbigshowin1954

TheoriginalLanskyBros,clothingstore

TheformerMemphianTheater

ElvisWeekSchedule:

Sunday,Aug.11,1:

00pm

Wednesday,Aug.14,1:

Friday,Aug.16,1:

Thefollowingisincludedwiththepriceofeachticket:

Round-trip,transportationtoGracelandfromdowntownMemphis,Gracelandmansion,audiotourandorientationfilm.FullaccesstotheVisitorEntertainmentComplexandElvisPresleyAutomobileMuseum.

JoinustodayforthisunforgettableadventureintotheworldofElvis!

Pleasebeawarethat,duetoexhibitconstructionandrestoration,Gracelandmaycloseanexhibitorattraction,removeorexchangehandicraftworksondisplay,orchangeoperatinghourswithoutpriornoticeandwithoutrefundorcompensation（补偿）.

1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutHoundDogTour?

A.ItisnowpartofElvisWeek.

B.Itusuallylastsaboutamonth.

C.ItcoversadventuresinGraceland.

D.Itattractsmoreattentionthanbefore.

2.WhatcanvisitorsdoduringHoundDogTour?

A.Attendlivetheatreshows.

B.VisitElvis’formerprimaryschool.

C.Enjoymorningperformances.

D.EntertheEntertainmentComplex.

3.WhatshouldvisitorskeepinmindwhilevisitingGraceland?

A.Theymustbeawareofpriornotices.

B.Theyshouldfollowtheoriginaltimetable.

C.Theycanhavecompensationforanyloss.

D.Theymaymissoriginallyownedcontents.

B

Learningtosay“yes,and”

WhenIfirstheardabouttheimprovisation（即兴表演）class,Iwashesitating.Asaquietandshygirl,Ifearedtoimproviseinfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencecommunicatorafterfinishingmyPhD,soitseemedlikeaperfectopportunitytolearnhowtospeakandcommunicatewithotherseffectively.Isignedup,knowingtheexperiencewouldgivemehelp.

Duringourfirstclass,welearnedanimportantconceptofimprovisation—“yes,and”.Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,we’dbetteracceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos（犀牛）arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;

wesay“yes”andthencontinuewiththesceneasifnothingiswrong.

Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorecomfortableandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ibecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andcommunicatingclearly.OncewhenIwasgivingapresentationaboutmyscience,oneoftheaudiencesurprisedmewithaquestionthatdidn’tgrowoutoftheinformationI’dpresented.Insteadofgettingconfusedandnervous,Itookthe“yes,and”approach—acceptingthequestionandlettingmymindfocusonwhyitwasasked.Thathelpedmefindanappropriateanswer.Igotprettyexcitedaboutit.

Thebenefitsofimprovisationgobeyondcommunication.Beforeattendingtheclass,Iwouldgetstuckwhenmyexperimentsproducedunexpecteddata,thinkingthatIhadmadeamistake.Butnow,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Iwillstayopentothepossibilitythattheresultsarereal,keepexploringthedataandendupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatisn’tbehavingasexpected.

Ithinkallscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthfindingoutwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Asscientists,ourjobisn’ttochallengedatathatsupportapreconceived（预想的）story,buttosay“yes,and”.

4.Whydidtheauthorattendtheimprovisationclass?

A.Togetadifferentexperience.

B.TofinishherPhD.

C.Togiveupherjobasasciencecommunicator.

D.Toimproveherspeakingandcommunicatingability.

5.Whatwastheauthor’schangeafterattendingtheimprovisationclass?

A.Sheformedherownideaquickly.

B.Shecameupwithlotsofcreativeresponses.

C.Shepaidmoreattentiontothelogicofanswers.

D.Shebecameagoodlistenerbeforegivinganopinion.

6.Theauthormentionedapplyingthe“yes,and”approachtoherscientificexperimentsto______.

A.explaintheprocessofusingthemethod

B.provethebenefitsoftheimprovisationclass

C.shareherownresearchexperienceswithreaders

D.attractfellowscientiststoattendtheimprovisationclass

7.Whatcanbeinferredaboutscientistsfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theyshouldattendtheimprovisationclass.

B.Theyshouldquestionallpreconceivedideas.

C.Theyshouldcarryonresearchbyadmittingearlierdata.

D.Theyshouldtrytoimprovetheirprofessionalknowledge.

C

Socialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenaturalworld,whereinfectiousdiseasesarecommonplace.Throughspecializedsensesanimalscandetectcertaindiseasesandchangetheirbehaviortoavoidgettingill.

In1966,whilestudyingchimps（猩猩）inaTanzaniannationalpark,zoologistJaneGoodallobservedachimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughtahighlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimandthrewhimoutofthetroop.Inoneinstance,McGregorapproachedchimpsinatree.Hereachedoutahandingreeting,buttheothersmovedawaywithoutabackwardglance.

“Forafulltwominutes,oldMcGregorsatmotionless,staringafterthem,”Goodallnotesinher1971bookIntheShadowofMan.“It’sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsomesocietiesreacttosuchatragedytoday.”

Notallanimalsaresoaggressivetowardtheirailingneighbors.Sometimesit'

sassimpleasavoidingthosewhomayinfectyou.

WhenKiesecker,aleadscientistinAmerica,studiedtheAmericanbullfroginthelate1990s,hefoundthatbullfrogscouldnotonlydetectadeadlysmellofinfectioninotherbullfrogs,buthealthymembersactivelyavoidedthosethatweresick.Bullfrogsrelyonchemicalsignalstodeterminewhoissickornot.

Caribbeanlobstersalsoshundiseasedmembersoftheircommunity,wellbeforetheybecomeinfectious.Ittakesabouteightweeksforlobstersinfectedwiththedeadlyvirustobecomedangeroustoothers.Normallysocialanimals,lobstersbeginkeepingawayfromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafterinfection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicalsreleasedbysickindividuals.

“Overall,it’simportanttonotethat,unlikeus,animalsdon’trealizeiftheystayhome,theymightactuallyreducetheinfectionrate,”Kieseckerexplains.“Ashumans,wehavethatability.It’sabigdifference.”

8.WhatcanwelearnaboutthechimpsfromGoodall’sobservation?

A.Theykeptadistancefromoneanother.

B.Theybecameaggressivewheninfected.

C.Theinfectedavoidedcontactwithothers.

D.Theinfectedwereforcedtoleavethegroup.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shun”inParagraph6probablymean?

A.Avoid.B.Cure.C.Getridof.D.Getalongwith.

10.HowarehumansdifferentfromanimalsaccordingtoKiesecker?

A.Humansaremoresensitivetovirus.

B.Humansarelesslikelytogetinfected.

C.Humanstreatinfectiousdiseasesinawiserway.

D.Humanscandetectchemicalsignalsmorequickly.

11.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HelpMeOutB.LeaveMeAlone

C.StayAwayFromUsD.StayHome,StayHealthy

D

It’saquestionthathasbeenaskedforyears:

Isadishwasherorwashingdishesbyhand

greener?

Whichuseslessenergyandwater?

Afewyearsago,theanswerwasthatthedishwasherwasbetterbutaverycarefulhand-washercouldprobablyuseboutthesameamountofwaterandlessenergy.However,muchhaschangedsincethen.Technologycombinedwithgooddesignhasmadethedishwashergreatlybetterovertheyears,tothepointwherethere’shardlyaquestion.Studiesareshowingthatmoderndishwasherscansavemorewaterthanmosthand-washers.

Dishwashersareevenmoreefficient.Moderndishwashershavepre-heatersthatincreasethewatertemperatureupto140degreesFahrenheittosanitize（消毒）them.Thedishwasheralsohasatimerthatletsyousetittoturnonatalatertimewhenthepowerratesarelower.

Ontheotherhand,noneofthestudiesdoananalysisofwhatittakesintermsofenergyandwatertoactuallybuildthedishwasherandreplaceitevery10yearsorso.NordoesittakeintoaccountaSwedishstudythatfoundthatchildreninfamiliesthatwashdishesbyhandarelesslikelytodevelopfeverprobablyduetothe“hygienehypothesis（卫生假说）”,whichsaysthereasonwhykidsfallillisthattheirsurroundingsareactuallytooclean.Ifyou’renotwillingtofillupthesinks,theresearcherspointoutthatmaybethedishwasherisonelabor-savingmachinethatdoesabetterjobthanyoucanespeciallyifyouvalueyourtime.Theresearcherswrite,“Whenauser’stimespentwashingdishesisvalued,machinedishwasherspayforthemselveswithinayearofuse.”

12.Whydoestheauthorraisetwoquestionsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexpresstheauthor’sdoubts.

B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.Toshowdifferentwaystowashdishes.

D.Tocomparevariousideasaboutdishwashers.

13.Whatistheadvantageofthedishwasher?

A.Itismoreenvironment-friendly.

B.It