非常有用的听抄训练Word下载.docx

非常有用的听抄训练Word下载.docx

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DICTATION1

Humanbeingscanlocatesoundsourcesbycomparinginthebrainthesoundswhicharriveateachear.Tryasimpleexperiment:

askafriendtositinachairandtoclosehiseyes.Tellhimtositfacinginonedirectionandnottomovehishead.Makeasharpsound,forexample,byclickingthefingers,blowingawhistleorstrikingapieceofmetal,abouttwometersawayfromhim.Getyourfriendtopointtothesourceofthesound.Nowmakethesoundatdifferentplacesaroundhim,stillabouttwometersaway.Seehowgoodheisatlocatingthesounds.Makesurethattheroomisalmostsilentanddonotdistractthesubjectbyothernoises.Notecarefullyhisperformancewithsoundsinthemedialplane.Theresultwillprobablyshowoneimportantfactorinlocation:

itisnotveryaccuratewhenthesoundsourceisatpointsofequaldistancefromthetwoears.

DICTATION2

SurprisinglymanyEnglishpeoplegoonholidayonlytoreturninneedofanotherone.Peoplewhonormallylivequiet,ordinarylives,travelingtoandfromtheirworkeveryday,watchingtelevisionintheeveningsanddoingalittlegardeningonSundays,decidedtotakeholidaysthatrequirethetrainingandfitnessofanathlete.

Someareastonishedandangrybecauseattheendofacoupleofdays,theyacheallover,havepainsintheirjointsandblistersontheirheels.

Others,accustomedtoourcool,rainysummers,spendtheirtimeabroadburningthemselvesinthesun,andeatingforeignfoodswhichupsettheirdigestions.Thedoctor’ssurgeryisalwaysfullofreturnedholiday-makersinSeptember.Personallymyidealholidayisstayingathomeandreadingbookswhichcarrymefartherthananysummerjourney.

DICTATION3

WilliamShakespeareisbestknownforhisplays,butheandhisperiodarealsostudiedbyscholarswhoareinterestedintheatrearchitecture.ThedesignoftheatreshaschangedalotsincetheGreeksfirstactedinopenairtheatres.Everyperiodinhistoryhashaditsdifferentstyleoftheatres.

Shakespeare’snamehasalwaysbeenconnectedwiththeGlobeTheatrewhichwasinLondononthesouthbankoftheRiverThames.TheGlobe,acirculartheatre,hadnoroofandthestagewasaratherelaboratestructureinthemiddleofthetheatre.Shakespeareactedinthistheatreandalsohelpedtomanageit.

Infact,theGlobe,wasnotverydifferentfrommanymoderntheatres.Today,manyofthehugetheatresofthenineteenthcenturyhavedisappeared.Moderntheatresaremoreintimateandcertainlymuchsmaller.Theaudienceisnearerthestageandinclosercontactwiththeactors.UnliketheGlobe,mostmoderntheatres,however,havearoof!

DICTATION4

Socialinsectsliveinintegratedcommunitieswhichinsomewaysaresimilartohumancommunities.Inbothtypesofcommunitythereisdivisionoflabour.Ininsectsocietiescertaininsectsareresponsibleforreproduction;

theworkerscollectfoodwhilethesoldiersdefendthecolony.Inthesamewayhumangroupssuchasfarmersandshopkeepershavespecializedfunctionsinproducinggoodsandprovidingservicestothecommunity.

Insectandhumansocietiesarealsoalikeinthatindividualmembersofthecommunityworktogether.Antscoordinatetheireffortstobuildnests.Similarly,inhumansocietiesengineers,architects,townplannersandconstructionworkersunitetobuildcities.

Thenestsofsocialinsectsareascomplexasaman-madecity.Insomeinsectnestsspecialaccommodationisprovidedfortheyoungandforfoodstorage.Manynestsalsohavedevicesforregulatingthetemperature.Soinsectnestsareasfunctionalashumanhouses.

DICTATION5

Manypeople’sfavoritehobbyissports.Theyspendmuchoftheirsparetimeplayingteamgameslikefootballorbaseball,gamesfortwoorfourpeople,liketennis,orgolforpracticinganindividualsportlikerunning,parachutingorswimming.Peopleusuallypracticeasportforatleasttworeasons.Firsttheyenjoyitandsecond,theyfeelaneedtokeepfitinthattheyfeelbetteraftertheyhavehadsomeexercise.

Butsportisnotjustforparticipants.It’sforspectatorstoo.Millionsofpeopleallovertheworldspendhourseveryweekwatchingsportseventsontelevision,oratstadiums.Peopleenjoybeing“fans”orsupportersofoneteamoroneparticularsportspersonality,andmanyprofessionalsarenowaspopularandfamousasthegreatestHollywoodmoviestars.

Ofcourse,spectatorsparticularlyenjoywatchinginternationalmatchesandcontests,andeventssuchastheOlympicGamesortheWorldCupattractmoreandmorespectatorsastimegoesby.

DICTATION6

Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.Hehastransformedwoodlandsandprairiesintofarmland,andmadelakesandreservoirsoutofriversforirrigationpurposesorhydroelectricpower.Manhasalsomodifiedthefaceoftheearthbydrainingmarshesandcuttingthroughmountainstobuildroadsandrailways.

However,man’schangestothephysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.Eachdaythousandsoftonsofgasescomeoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehicles;

smokefromfactoriespollutestheairofindustrializedareasandthesurroundingareasofcountryside.

Soitisnecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.

DICTATION7

BuckinghamHousewasbuiltfortheDukeofBuckinghamintheeighteenthcentury.However,itbecamearoyalresidencein1775whenGeorgeIIIboughtit.Hisson,GeorgeIV,beganthereconstructionofthehouse,whichwasnotfinisheduntilthetimeofQueenVictoriawhowasthefirstqueentolivethere.

Today,theQueen’shomeisofficiallycalledBuckinghamPalace,althoughmanyLondonersstillcallitBuckHouse.Whenthequeenisinresidence,aflagcalledtheRoyalStandardfliesatthetopofapole.ThepalaceisguardedbysentriesoftheGuardsDivision.Theguardsarechangedinthemorningintheforecourtbehindtherailings.Theceremonyisalwaysverypopularwithtourists,whotakemanyphotographs,mainlybecauseitissocolorful.Thenewguardmarchesbehindabandandarrivesintheforecourtatabout11:

30.Theceremonyusuallylastshalfanhour.

DICTATION8

Vandalism,v-a-n-d-a-l-i-s-m,thatisthesenselessdestructionofotherpeople’sproperty,seemstohavebecomepartofmodernlife.Wehavealsocometoacceptrobberywithviolenceinourstreetsasacommondanger.ItisinterestingtonotethatinthepastwhenLondonwasblackedouteverynight,vandalismandrobberywerepracticallyunknown.Peoplewalkedthestreetsincompletedarknesswithoutfearofbeingattackedorrobbedontheirwayhome.

Perhapsitistruetosaythatinourmodern,progressivesocietyvandalismandrobberyexpressarevoltagainstidleness,thedespairofyoungpeoplewhohavenopurposeinlifeandwhofaceunemploymentfromthemomenttheyleaveschool.Soitisourjobtomakesurethattheyoungfeelwanted,usefulandnecessarytothesocietytheylivein.

DICTATION9

Itwasnotuntilthebeginningofthiscenturythatitwasrecognizedthatcertainsubstanceswereessentialinthediettoprevent,orcure,somediseases.Thesesubstancesarenowknownasvitamins.Theyarevitalforgrowth,goodhealth,andmaintenanceofthenormalfunctionsofthebody.

Awell-balanceddietshouldprovideallthevitaminswenormallyrequire.Thoseofuswhoarefortunateenoughtobeabletobuysufficientfoodshouldnotsufferfromvitamindeficiency.However,forvariousreasons,somepeopledonotmaintainabalanceddiet.Peopleoftenlosetheirappetitebecauseofillness.Peoplelivingalonemaynotbothertoeatpropermeals,andpeopleonadietmaynoteatsufficientquantitiesofnecessaryfoods.Moreover,modernmethodsofpreserving,freezing,andlong-termstorageoffood,togetherwithovercooking,candestroymanyofthevitamins.

DICTATION10

At3:

45p.m.onAugust6th1976BigBenstoppedworking.

Theengineerswhorepairedtheclockbelievethatthebreakdownwastheresultofmetalfatigue.Metalsdeteriorateowingtorepeatedstressesaboveacertaincriticalvalue.

Partoftheclockmechanismfractured.Asaresult,thespeedofthegearwheelsincreasedfromaboveoneandahalfrevolutionsperminuteto16,000rpm.Theresultingcentrifugalforcethrewpiecesoftheclockmechanisminalldirections.Italsodamagedthemechanismwhichdrivestheclock’shands.

Themetalfatiguehadneverbeennoticed,asfatiguecracksareinvisibletothenakedeye.Theengineershavenowfittedadevicethatwillpreventtheaccidentfromhappeningagain.Anyincreaseinspeedwillcauseabraketobeappliedtothegearwheel.TheengineersareconfidentthatBigBenwillremainaccurateandreliableforanother200years.

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