新视野视听说教程4听力文本及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

新视野视听说教程4听力文本及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

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Afewweekspass（S5）uneventfully.Butoneafternoon,alocalcowhandcomesrunningthroughtown（S6）yelling,“BigJohniscoming!

Runforyour（S7）lives!

Whenthebartenderleavesthebartostartrunning,heisknockedtothegroundbyseveraltownspeoplerushingoutoftown.（S8）Ashe’spickinghimselfup,heseesalargeman,almostsevenfeettall.He’smuscular,andisgrowingasheapproachesthebar.

Hestepsuptothedoor,ordersthepoorbarkeepinside,anddemands,“IwantabeerNOW!

Hestrikeshisheavyfistonthebar,splittingitinhalf.（S9）Thebartendernervouslyhandsthebigmanabeer,handsshaking.Hetakesthebeer,bitesthetopofthebottleoff,anddownsthebeerinonegulp.

Astheterrifiedbartenderhidesbehindthebar,thebigmangetsuptoleave,“Doyouwantanotherbeer?

”thebartenderasksinatremblingvoice.

“Dangit,Idon’thavetime!

”thebigmanyells,（S10）“Igottogetoutoftown!

Don’tyouhearBigJohniscoming?

Task3:

AViewofHappiness

Dr.Smithhasproposedareasonable,ifperhapssomewhatoversimplifies,viewofhappiness.Accordingtohistheory,happinessmightbedescribedasastateofbalance.Andwhenhumanorcertainanimalsachievethatbalance,theytendtoremaininthatconditioninordertorepeatthehappyfeeling.

Toillustratethis,wemaystudytheactionoftwomagnets.Whentheirpositiveandnegativepolesmeet,theyarecomfortablyjoined,andtheyremainthere.Inotherwords,theyhaveattainedabalanceorstateofhappiness.Ifontheotherhand,oneofthepolesisreversed,andpositivepoleispressesagainstpositivepole,thereisresistance,instability,imbalanceastateofunhappiness.

Animalswithsomedegreeofintelligenceseemtofindhappinessinreinforcement.Oncetheyhavegainedoneormoreoftheirgoalssuchasfood,andwater,theylearntorepeattheactionsthatledtosatisfactionofthosegoals.Thisrepetitionorreinforcementproducesastateofbalanceorsenseofhappiness.

Accordingtothistheory,onlyanimalswithasignificantcapacitytolearnshouldbeabletoexperiencehappiness.Butintruthlearningcantakeplacethroughsurprisinglysimpleshort-termactionsuchasscratchinganitch,followedbypleasure,followedbymorescratching,andsoon.Thuslearningcanoccurwithalmostnoconsciousthought.

Forhumanbeings,blessedwiththeabilitytoreason,goalsarenotlimitedtotheshort-termsatisfactionofneeds.Indeed,thereisastronglinkbetweenhappinessandthefulfillmentoflong-termgoals.Evenifhumanstriveforgoalsthataremorecomplexandlonger-termthantheanimals’goals,oncethosegoalsaregained,happinessisreinforced.

TheVoiceLift

Aftertheface-lift,theforeheadtightened,andthe（S1）nosejob,somethingstillmightberevealingyourage:

your（S2）voice.

Forpatientswhothinktheirtrembly,hoarsewordsdon’t（S3）matchtheirnewlyfaceandfigure,there’saprocedurethatclaimstomakethem（S4）soundyoungertoo:

thevoicelift.

Therearetwogeneralkindsofvoicelifts.Insomecases,implants（S5）insertedthroughanincisioninthe（S6）neckbringthevocalcordsclosertogether.Doctorsalsouseinjectionsof（S7）fatorothersubstancestoplumpupthecords,sothatthevoicesoundsyounger.

（S8）Thevoiceliftisbecomingmorewidelyknownamonganagingpopulation,whotrytomakethemselvessoundyounger.

“Ispeakinagreatdeal,orIwasshouting,onaparticularday,attheendoftheday,Iwouldfeelexhausted,”saidRobertBrown,75,（S9）aretiredconstructionengineerwhounderwentthevoiceliftseveralyearsago,“Idon’tknowifIsoundyounger,butthehoarsenessisgone,whichissuchagreatimprovement.”

（S10）Voiceliftcanalsobenefitpeoplelikeperformers,lawyers,teachers,andtelephoneoperatorswhoneedtohaveastrongvoiceandhopetoshaveyearsoffthesoundoftheirvoice.

Menareturningtoplasticsurgeryandcosmeticprocedurestobrightenuptheirappearancesatafasterratethanwomen,accordingtoasurveyreleasedonWednesday.

Men’suseoffatinjectionstosoftendeepwrinklesleaped47percentlastyearfromthepreviousyear.Women’suseoftheinjectionsfell36percent,accordingtoasurveybytheAmericanAcademyofFacialandPlasticReconstructiveSurgeons.

Men’suseofbotoxinjectionstoeliminatefrownlinesrose88percent,whilewomen’sbotoxusefell8percent.

Andforsmoothingskin,theuseoflaserresurfacingamongmenrose13percent,thesurveyshowed.Meanwhile,women’suseoflaserresurfacingdropped38percentduringthesametimeperiod.

Thenumberofmengettingnosejobsrose47percent,whilethenumberofwomendoingsorose5percent.

Typically,menandwomenvisitingplasticsurgeonsforcosmeticreasonswereage40to59.

Thestudysaid44percentofmenand57percentofwomentelltheirdoctorthatlookingyoungeristhereasontheyarechoosingcosmeticsurgery.

Byabout18percent,menaremorelikelythanwomentosaytheywantfacialcosmeticsurgeryforwork-relatedreasons.

ThestudywasconductedbywrittenquestionnairesfromJanuary20toMarch3amongmorethan2,600membersoftheassociation,whofocusontreatmentoftheface,head,andneck.

Bycomparison,inthepreviousyear,women’suseofbotoxrose60percentwhilemen’sfell14percent;

women’suseoflaserresurfacingrose13percentwhilemen’sfell19percent;

women’suseoffatinjectionsfell17percentandmen’sfell54percent.

FloodinginHaitiandtheDominicanRepublic

Thedeathtoocontinuesto（S1）climbfromlastweek’sfloodinginHaitiandtheDominicanRepublic.TheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment（S2）reportsthatatleast1,068peoplearedead,1,600are（S3）missing,and25,000areinneedofemergencyfoodandotherformsof（S4）assistance.InDominicanRepublic,414aredeadand274aremissing,allfromthetownofJimani.

Akey（S5）factorinthewidespreaddestructionistheextensivedeforestationandthe（S6）presenceofsettlementsalongthefloodplainsofrivers.

Thefloodingwasdrivenbyintenserainfall.Alow-pressuresystem（S7）originatinginCentralAmericabroughtexceptionallyheavyrainandthunderstormstoHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfromMay18to25.（S8）Rainfallexceeded500mm（or19.7inches）alongtheborderareasofHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicduringthatperiod.AtthetownofJimani,DominicanRepublic,250mm（or10inches）ofrainfellinjust24hours,causingtheSolieRivertooverflowitsbanksfromMay24to25.Theheavyrainfallresultedinflashfloodingandextensivedebrisflowedovertheentireregion.Swollenriversanddebriscutoffmanyoftheroadstraversingtheareaalongthebaseofthemountains.（S9）Thismadeitdifficultforhumanitarianreliefworkertorescuestrandedpeopleanddeliverbadly.

Nowpeoplewanttoknow:

Howoftendofloodsandrelatedlandmassmovementalsocausedlandsidesinafewplaces.（S10）AnalysisofthepastdateshowsthatmajorfloodsintheDominicanRepublicandHaitiarenowanear-annualevent.Since1986,twelvelethaleventshaveoccurredontheisland.

ABlizzard

Ablizzardisaseverweatherconditioncharacterizedbylowtemperaturesandstrongwinds,greaterthan15milesperhour,bearingagreatamountofsnow.

Becausethefactorsforclassifyingwinterstormsarecomplex,therearemanydifferentdefinitionsofwhatablizzardtrulyis.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatinordertobeclassifiedasablizzard,asopposedtomerelyawinterstorm,theweathermustmeetseveralconditions.Thestormmustdecreasevisibilitytoaquarterofamileforthreehoursrunning.Includesnoworiceasprecipitation,andhavewindspeedofatleast32milesperhour,whichmeansForce7ormoreontheWindScale.

Anotherstandard,accordingtoEnvironmentCanada,isthatthewinterstormmusthavewindsof40kilometersperhourormi=ore,plentyofsnow,visibilitylessthan1kilometer,atemperatureoflessthan-25degreesCelsius,andalloftheseconditionsmustlastfor4hoursormore,beforethestormcanproperlybecalledablizzard.

Whenalltheseconditionscontinueaftersnowhasstoppedfalling,thestormisreferredtoasagroundblizzard.

Anextensiveformofblizzardisawhiteout,whenthedowndrafts,togetherwithsnowfall,becomesoseverthatitisimpossibletodistinguishthegroundfromtheair.Peoplecaughtinawhiteoutcanquicklybecomedisoriented,losingtheirsenseofupanddownaswellastheirsenseofdirection.Severeblizzardcanalsooccuralongwitharcticcyclones.

SOHO

Themodernconceptofsmallofficeandhomeoffice,orsmallandhomeoffice,often（S1）shortedtoSOHO,isconcernedwithbusinessthatemployfromonetotenworkers.Also（S2）knownasavirtualbusiness,theSOHOhasnotevolvedbeyondtheideaofan（S3）independentbusinesspersonwhohasafewsupportstallmembers.

Business（S4）enterprisesthatarelargeareoftencalledSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises.

Beforethe19thcenturyandthe（S5）spreadoftheindustrialrevolutionaroundtheglobe,（S6）nearlyallofficesweresmallofficesorhomeoffices,withonlyafewexceptions.Mostbusinessesweresmall,and（S7）sowastheamountofpaperworkthatwentwiththeirbusinessactivities.

Attheendofthe20thcenturyandthebeginningofthe21st,theterm“Smallor