牛津沪教版初中英语八年级英语下Unit3Traditionalskills重难点及语法总结巩固训练Word下载.docx

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牛津沪教版初中英语八年级英语下Unit3Traditionalskills重难点及语法总结巩固训练Word下载.docx

Awatch,goBwatching,goCwatching,goingDwatch,going

2Bamboocan_______paper.

AusedtomakeBbeusedmakeCbeusedtomakeDbeusedtomaking

2although虽然,尽管

与though同义,用来引导让步状语从句。

不能与but同时出现在句子中。

Although比较正式,

常用于句首;

though多用于非正式文体,表示强调。

--TheboycanspeakbothEnglishandJapanese_____heisonlyten.--Wow,whatacleverboy.

AifBbecauseCalthough

3fitadj.健壮的,健康的v.合适,侧重于尺寸,大小合适。

Tokeepfit,sheeatsalotofvegetablesandfruits.

Thiscoatdoesn’tfitme.

4upto到达,至多有;

uptonow到现在为止=bynow

Hisstorybooksareupto50.

5setoff出发,动身=setout

Theysetoffatnight.

6get/bereadyfor为......做好准备,beready准备好的.....Bereadytodosth准备做某事

Mothergetsreadyfordinner.

Tomisreadyfortheexam.

Areyouready?

I’mreadytogo.

7tie...around..栓......在......周围

Thegirltiesascarfaroundherneck.

Tieto把......系在......

Hetiedthehorsetoatree.

Tieup系好,捆好

Pleasetieupyoursafetybelt.

8stop...fromdoing阻止.......做......=prevent...from=keep...from

Theheavyrainprevented/keptusfromclimbingthemountain.

9reach&

get&

arrive

Reach

及物动词,后直接跟表示地点的名词

Get

Getto+地点名词;

gethere/the

Arrive

Arriveat+小地点;

arrivein+大地点;

可当不及物动词:

Hearrived.

10hang悬挂,吊

悬挂:

hang-hung-hung;

绞死,吊死:

hang-hanged-hanged

11throw短语

Throw...into把......扔进....Throwaway扔掉throwoff匆匆脱掉throwat向......扔去

Hethrewastoneintotheriver.

Throwawaythoseoldnewspapers.

Don’tthrowoffyourcoat.It’scoldoutside.

Tomthrewstonesatmydog.

12require&

need

Require

及物动词

Requiretobedone;

requiredoing;

requiresbtodo

Need

Needtodo;

needtobedone;

needdoing

情态动词

Needdo

Plantsrequirewateringeveryday.

TheyrequirethatIshouldappear.

Ineedtobuyanewbike.

Theroomneedstobecleaned.

Youneedn’tcome.

13nomore&

nolonger

Nomore

不再

常用来修饰非延续性动词,表示今后不再重复以前发生的动作,多指数量上不再增加,程度不再加深。

=not...anymore

Nolonger

相当于not...anylonger,在句中起副词作用,用来修饰延续性动词,指某事从时间上讲以后不再发生,其时间不再延续。

Henomorecomes.

Wearenolongerstudents.

Heisnomoreastudent.=Heisn’tastudentanymore.

14mistake错误

Makeamistake犯错误bymistake错误地,无意中

MistakeAforB把A错认成B

Hemakesalotofmistakesingrammar.

Itookherumbrellabymistake.

IoftenmistakeLucyforLily.

15after&

later

After

介词

常用于过去时态,after+一段时间表示某段时间后

Later

副词

常用于过去时或将来时,一段时间+later

形容词

意为“后来的”,修饰名词

Aftertwoyears,hediedinLondon.

TomleftforShanghaitwoweekslater.

16keep短语

Keepsb/sth+形容词:

使......保持......;

keep+形容词:

保持某种状态;

keep(sb)doing:

不停地做某事

Coatswillkeepyouwarm.

Weshouldkeepoutschoolcleanandtidy.

Theshopkeepsopentwelvehoursaday.

Don’tkeeptalking.

17名词+y=形容词

Health(健康)+y=healthy(健康的)luck(幸运)+y=lucky(幸运的)

Ingood/bad/poorhealth健康状况好/不好keephealthy保持健康

Forluck为了吉利;

badluck倒霉goodluck好运

18bemadefrom&

bemadeof

Bemadefrom

由......制成;

看不出原材料

Bemadeof

看得出原材料

Bemadeupof

由......组成

Bemadeinto

被制成.....

Bemadein

在......制造

Theymadewinefromrice.

Paperismadefromwood.

Thehouseismadeofwood,

Thedollismadeupoffourparts.

19voice&

noise&

sound

Voice

嗓音;

指喉咙发出的声音

Noise

噪声

Sound

泛指一切声音

学习语法:

被动语态

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

汉语往往用"

被"

、"

受"

给"

等词来表示被动意义。

如:

Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。

(主动语态)

Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。

(被动语态)

一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例)

结构:

主语+be+过去分词

时态:

1.一般现在时:

am(is,are)done.

2.带情态动词的被动语态:

must(can,may,should,need,would)bedone

3.一般过去时:

was(were)done

4.一般将来时:

will(shall)bedone

5.现在进行时:

am(is,are)beingdone

6.现在完成时:

have(has)beendone

例:

Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。

(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。

(被动句)

二、被动语态的用法

1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如:

Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.(publish出版)这本书出版于1981年。

(没有必要或说出出版者)

2.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。

ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。

ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuxun.这本书是鲁迅写的。

三、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2.把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)

3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。

Allthepeoplelaughedathim.改为:

Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.

Theymakethebikesinthefactory.改为:

Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

歌诀是:

宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。

四、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。

Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.改为:

Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.

Wemustfinishthisworksoon.改为:

Thisworkmustbefinishedsoon.

五、主动变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.

(1)时态保持一致。

Irepairedmycomputer.改为:

Mycomputerwasrepaired.

(2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。

Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.改为:

Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.

(3)主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变

Lindagavemeabook.

(双宾语,me为间接宾语,abook为直接宾语)改为:

IwasgivenabookbyLinda.

或者:

AbookwasgiventomebyLinda.(直接宾语提前时,要在间接宾语前加介词)

(4)主动语态句中动词make,have,let(使sb.做sth.),see.watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel等变成被动语态时,后面的不定式需要加上to.

Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.改为:

Hewasmadetowashthedishes.

(5)有些动词不能用于被动语态,例如takeplace/happen/cometrue/breakout/belongto等。

Allyourdreamswillcometrueifyoutryyourbest.

(6)感官动词不用于被动语态,例如look/sound/smell/taste等。

Theflowerssmellsweet.Theflowersaresmeltsweet.

当说话人需要强调客观时,用被动语态。

Itissaidthatthetemperaturetomorrowwillbe40℃.据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。

Itishopedthattheywillbesuccessful.希望她们会获得成功。

Itisbelievedthat...据信,大家相信Itisknownthat...众所周知

Itissupposedthat...大家认为issuggestedthat...据建议,有人建议

Itmustberememberedthat...务必记住Itistakenforgrantedthat...……被认为理所当然

初中英语被动语态专项练习

()1ThePeople'

sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

  A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

()2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

 A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

()6Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

()7-I'

dliketobuythatcoat.

-I'

msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'

ssellingC.It'

sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

( )8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

  A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

willbepublished B.ispublishingC.isbeingpublished  D.hasbeenpublished

()12Japanese___ineverycountry.

 A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

( )13Thesepapers___yet.

havenotwritten B.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwritten  D.hasnotbeenwritten

()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'

tB.won'

tC.isn'

tD.doesn'

t

()15-Myshoesarewornout.

 A.Can'

ttheybemended?

B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?

D.Can'

ttheymended?

( )16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?

Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

( )17___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

( )18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'

tameetinghold B.wasn'

tameetingheldC.wasn'

theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'

theld

( )19Whowasthebook___?

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

( )20Where___theseboxes

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am

( )21Theflowers___often.

 A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater

( )22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.

A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow

( )23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.

 A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended

( )24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.

A.isgoingtoberebuilt B.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuilt D.aregoingtorebuilt

()25Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.

 A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown

( )26Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.

isgoingtoberebuilt  B.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuilt D.willrebuild

()27Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.

A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept

()28Thepot___for___hotwater.

A.used;

keeping B.wasused;

keepingC.isused;

tokeep D.areused;

keep

()29Tea___inthesouthofChina.

A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow

()30Thebridges___twoyearsago.

  A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt

()31Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.

  A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung

()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.

 A.bestoppedtothrow B.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrow  D.stopfromthrowing

()33Theteapot___water.

A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled

()34Oldpeoplemustb

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