Prin of Econ MacroEcon CH2Word格式文档下载.docx

Prin of Econ MacroEcon CH2Word格式文档下载.docx

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2.Termsusedbyaneconomistwouldinclude

a.vectorspacesandaxioms.

b.tortsandvenues.

c.egoandcognitivedissonance.

d.comparativeadvantageandelasticity.

3.Byscientificmethodwemean

a.theuseofmodernelectronictestingequipmenttounderstandtheworld.

b.thedispassionatedevelopmentandtestingoftheoriesabouthowtheworldworks.

c.theuseofcontrolledexperimentsinunderstandingthewaytheworldworks.

d.findingevidencetosupportpreconceivedtheoriesabouthowtheworldworks.

4.Whosaid,“Thewholeofscienceisnothingmorethantherefinementofeverydaythinking.”?

a.IsaacNewton

b.AlbertEinstein

c.SigmundFreud

d.BenjaminFranklin

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5.AlbertEinsteinoncemadethefollowingobservationaboutscience:

a.“Thewholeofscienceisnothingmorethantherefinementofeverydaythinking.”

b.“Thewholeofscienceisnothingmorethananinterestingintellectualexercise.”

c.“Inordertounderstandscience,onemustrelysolelyonabstraction.”

d.“Inordertounderstandscience,onemusttranscendeverydaythinking.”

6.SirIsaacNewton’sdevelopmentofthetheoryofgravityafterobservinganapplefallfromatreeisanexampleof

a.controlledexperimentsusedtodevelopscientifictheories.

b.beingintherightplaceattherighttime.

c.anideawhosetimehadcome.

d.theinterplaybetweenobservationandtheoryinscience.

7.Acommonthreadbetweeneconomicsandothersciencessuchasphysicsisthat

a.experimentsaremostoftenconductedinalab.

b.real-worldobservationsoftenleadtotheories.

c.aPh.D.isrequiredtotrulyunderstandanyscience.

d.bothdealprimarilywithabstractconcepts.

8.Theuseoftheoryandobservationismoredifficultineconomicsthaninsciencessuchasphysicsduetothedifficultyin

a.evaluatinganeconomicexperiment.

b.devisinganeconomicexperiment.

c.actuallyperforminganexperimentinaneconomicsystem.

d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.

9.Becauseitisdifficultforeconomiststouseexperimentstogeneratedata,theygenerallymust

a.dowithoutdata.

b.usewhateverdatatheworldgivesthem.

c.selectacommitteeofeconomiststomakeupdataforalleconomiststouse.

d.usehypothetical,computer-generateddata.

10.Whentestingtheories,economists

a.mustmakedowithwhateverdatatheworldgivesthem.

b.canmanipulateeconomicconditionseasierthanotherscientificfields.

c.canenlistthegovernment’shelptomanipulateeconomicconditions.

d.canachievestatisticallyvalidresultswithmuchsmallersamplesizes.

11.Onedifficultyeconomistsfacethatsomeotherscientistsdonotisthat

a.unlikeothersciences,economicstudiesmustincludethelargesteconomicplayer,thegovernment.

b.economistsunfortunatelyreceivelessgovernmentfundingthanotherscientists.

c.corporationsarereluctanttodisclosenecessaryinformationforeconomicresearch.

d.experimentsareoftendifficultineconomics.

12.Themostcommondatafortestingeconomictheoriescomefrom

a.carefullycontrolledandconductedlaboratoryexperiments.

b.traditionaleconomies.

c.historicalepisodesofeconomicchange.

d.centrallyplannedeconomies.

13.Foreconomists,substitutesforlaboratoryexperimentsareoften

a.naturalexperimentsofferedbyhistory.

b.computer-generatedexperiments.

c.studiesconductedbyotherdisciplinessuchassociologists.

d.well-constructedsimulations.

14.Economistsmakeassumptions

a.todiminishthechanceofwronganswers.

b.tomaketheworldeasiertounderstand.

c.becauseallscientistsmakeassumptions.

d.tomakecertainthatallnecessaryvariablesareincluded.

15.Theartofscientificthinkingincludes

a.knowinghowthemajororgansofthehumanbodywork.

b.understandingeveryscientificfield—physics,biologyandeconomics.

c.decidingwhichassumptionstomake.

d.beingabletomathematicallyexpressnaturalforces.

16.Ifaneconomistdevelopsatheoryaboutinternationaltradebasedontheassumptionthatthereareonlytwocountriesandtwogoods,

a.thetheorycanbeusefulonlyinsituationsinvolvingtwocountriesandtwogoods.

b.itisatotalwasteoftime,sincetheactualworldhasmanycountriestradingmanygoods.

c.thetheorycanbeusefulinhelpingeconomistsunderstandthecomplexworldofinternationaltradeinvolvingmanycountriesandmanygoods.

d.thetheorycanbeusefulintheclassroom,buthasnouseintherealworld.

17.The1973warintheMiddleEastprovidedeconomistswiththeopportunitytoobservetheinverserelationshipbetween

a.oilpricesandlivingstandards.

b.militarybuildupsandgovernmentspending.

c.theflowofcrudeoilandoilprices.

d.theflowofcrudeoilandpoliticalpower.

18.Historicalepisodesarevaluabletoeconomistsbecause

a.itallowseconomiststoseehowfarthedisciplinehasevolved.

b.hindsightisalways20/20.

c.itiseasiertoevaluateapastsituationthantopredictafuturesituation.

d.theyalloweconomiststoevaluateeconomictheoriesofthepresent.

19.Whatwouldbethebeststatementaboutatheorybasedonassumptionsthatarenottrue?

a.Iftheassumptionsunderlyingthetheoryarenottrue,thetheorymustbefalse.

b.Theideasmaybegoodintheory,butnotinpractice.

c.Thetheoryisagoodoneifithelpsustounderstandhowtheworldworks.

d.Thetheoryisagoodoneifnologicalmistakesweremadeindevelopingit.

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20.Whatisthegoaloftheories?

a.toprovideaninteresting,butnotuseful,frameworkofanalysis

b.toprovokestimulatingdebateinscientificjournals

c.todemonstratethatthedeveloperofthetheoryiscapableoflogicalthinking

d.tohelpscientistsunderstandhowtheworldworks

21.Wheneconomistsattempttosimplifytherealworldandmakeiteasiertounderstandtheymake

a.assumptions.

b.mistakesinjudgment.

c.predictions.

d.evaluations.

22.Goodassumptionscan

a.causeeconomiststoleaveoutimportantvariableswhichmaketheirtheoriesworthless.

b.simplifythecomplexworldandmakeiteasiertounderstand.

c.furthercomplicateanalreadydifficulttopic.

d.alloweconomiststoseethe‘bigpicture’insteadofonlysmallsegments.

23.Forascientist,thedecisionofwhichassumptiontomakeis

a.theeasiestpartofthescientificmethod.

b.theflipofacoin.

c.almostimpossible.

d.partart.

24.Theartofscientificthinkingis

a.easierwithasolidmathematicalbackground.

b.theabilitytomakeanabstractsubjecteasytounderstand.

d.notnecessarytobeaneconomist.

25.Whenscientistsmakegoodassumptions,they

a.greatlysimplifytheproblemwithoutsubstantiallyaffectingtheanswer.

b.furthercomplicateanalreadycomplicatedsubject.

c.canleaveoutnecessaryvariablesthatmayresultinincorrectanswers.

d.maynotbeabletoreachanappropriateconclusion.

a.greatlysimp