全新版大学英语2第二版UNIT2语言点11页Word文件下载.docx
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这儿的“师资”和“师长”可称为“教师”概念的雏形,但仍说不上是名副其实的“教师”,因为“教师”必须要有明确的传授知识的对象和本身明确的职责。
——FranklinD.Roosevelt
我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。
为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?
吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:
“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,……十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!
”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。
特别是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:
提出问题――分析问题――解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。
知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。
根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。
于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考作文书就很难写出像样的文章。
所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。
要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。
幸福不在于仅仅拥有金钱,而在于取得成就时的喜悦和创造性劳动带来的喜悦、激动。
———富兰克林·
D·
罗斯福
DetailedReading
Ⅰ.DifficultSentences
1.(LL.1~2)ItwasearlyDecember2019,myfirstseasonasaSalvationArmybellringer,whenIwasconfrontedwiththequestion.
1.WhatdoesaSalvationArmybellringerdo?
(=Toringthebellandaskpeopletodonatemoneytohelpthepoor.)
2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.
(=首次面对这个问题,是在2019年12月初我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。
)
2.(LL.5~6)Icanstillseetheconfusionandcuriosityinhiseyesasheasked,“Areyoupoor?
”
1.Whydidtheboyasksuchaquestion?
(=Becausehewasconfusedandcurious.)
2.HowmuchdidtheboyknowabouttheSalvationArmybellringer?
(=Obviouslyheknewnothingaboutthat.)
3.(LL.7~8)“Well,”Istammered,tryingtothink,“Ihavemorethansomepeople,butnotasmuchasother.”
1.Howdidtheauthorthinkofthequestion?
(=Hethoughtitwasdifficulttoanswer.)
2.Whatdoestheauthor’sanswermean?
(=Thismeansheisneitherpoornorrich.)
4.(LL.8~9)Hismotherscoldedhimforthesocialno-no...
1.Whatis“socialno-no”?
(=Somethingthatissociallyinappropriate.)
2.Whydidthemotherscoldherson?
(=Becausetheauthorlookedpoor,thequestionwassociallyinappropriatetoask.)
5.(LL.13~14)YetIfeelnothingmorethanapassingwhimtoattainthematerialthingssomanyotherpeoplehave.
1.Whatdomanyotherpeoplehave?
(=Thematerialthings.)
2.Pleaseparaphrasethissentence.
(=However,Ihaveonlyoccasionallyfelttheurgetogoafterthematerialthingssomanyotherpeoplehave.)
6.(LL.19~20)AndIlovethe“cando”attitudethatfollows.
1.Whatisthe“cando”attitude?
(=Thatisselfconfidence.)
2.Howdoyouunderstandthissentence?
(=AndIlovethefeelingofselfconfidencebroughtbybriskexercises.)
7.(L.31)Shortlyafterhervisit,ourrelationshipwentstraightsouth.
1.Whatwastheirrelationshipafterhervisit?
(=Theirrelationshipwentsour.Thatistosay,theywerenolongerboyfriendandgirlfriend.)
2.Whytherewassuchachangeintheirrelationship?
(=Becausethegirlactuallypaidmuchattentiontomaterialthingsalthoughsheclaimedthatshewasinterestedinwhatwasontheinside,andaftershewenttotheauthor’sapartment,shefoundhewasreallypoor.)
8.(LL.35~38)Thereisacommercialontheradiothatbegins,“Everybodywantsahigh-endTV…”Thepressuretopurchaseisreal.Itmaybetruethateverybodywantsahigh-endTV.Afterall,nobodywantstobeanobody.
1.Whatis“ahigh-endTV”?
(=ATVthatisexpensiveandofhighquality.)
2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispartaboutwhatrolecommercialscanplayinsociety?
(=Commercialscanputpeopleunderpressuretopurchasemorethanisreallynecessary.)
9.(L.49)DecemberisthetimeofyearIfeelwealthiest.
Whydoestheauthorthinkso?
(=BecauseDecemberisthetimeforhimtoworkfortheSalvationArmyasabellringer,whichgiveshimagenuinesenseofbelongingandbringshimhappinessinhelpingothers.)
10.(LL.50~51)Overthepastfouryears,I’vegrowntounderstandmoreaboutmyselfbecauseofasinglequestionfromacuriouschild.
1.Howhastheboy’squestionaffectedtheauthor?
(=Theboy’squestionhashelpedhimrealizethat,despitehislackofexpensivepossessions,heisrichinmanyotherwaysandshouldbethankfulforthat.)
(=由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题,我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。
Ⅱ.WordsandExpressions
1.(L.2)confront:
vt.
1)(ofaproblem,difficulty,etc.)face(sb.)threateningly
*Thedifficultiesthatconfrontusseeminsuperable.
*Amajordifficultythatconfrontsinternationalstudentsishowbesttojudgethequalityofaprograminaforeignuniversity.
2)(ofaperson)faceanddealwith(aproblem,difficulty,etc.)
军人必须面对危险和死亡。
(=Asoldierhastoconfrontdangeranddeath.)
*Astronautshavetoconfronttheunknown.
beconfrontedwith:
bebroughtfacetoface
(=Theprisonerwasconfrontedwithhisaccusers.)
*conclusionsthatcanbeconfrontedwithexperience
2.(L.3)donation:
n.moneyorgoodsgivenforagoodcause
*Thehospitalreceivesagooddealofmoneyindonations.
他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。
(=Theymadeagenerousdonationtocharity.)
Collocation:
ablooddonation献血
make/giveadonation捐赠
promiseadonation允诺捐助
3.(L.5)confusion:
n.astateofuncertaintyaboutwhatsth.means,etc.
*Theenemyretreatedingreatconfusion.
他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。
(=Theirunexpectedarrivalthrewourplanintoconfusion.)
coveredwithconfusion非常慌张
inconfusion乱七八糟,处于混乱状态
throwintoconfusion使狼狈,使慌乱
N.B.:
该词的动词为confuse,confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”,confused意思是“糊涂的、混杂的”。
4.(L.5)curiosity:
n.astrongdesiretoknowaboutsth.
*Justtosatisfymycuriosity,howmuchdidyoupayforyourcar?
(=Weburnedwithcuriosityoverwhatwasinthebox.)
from/outofcuriosity在好奇心驱使下
inopencuriosity公然出头过问与自己无关的事
Curiositykilledacat.好奇伤身。
5.(L.7)stammer:
v.speakwithatendencytorepeatrapidlythesamesoundorsyllable
*It’scrueltomakefunofpeoplewhostammer.
他结结巴巴地道了谢。
(=Hestammeredhisthanks.)
6.(L.10)deny:
vt.
1)saythatsth.isnottrue
*ThereisnodenyingthefactthatJapanbegantoinvadeChinaasearlyastheearly1930’s.
2)refusetoadmitoraccept
(=Hedeniedknowinganythingabouttheirplans.)
7.(L.10)fillout:
addinformationsuchasyournameandaddressin(aformordocument)
*Ittookmequiteawhiletofilloutthequestionnaire.
请把附表填好。
(=Pleasefillouttheattachedblank.)
8.(L.11)fallinto:
belongto(aparticulargroupofthingsthathavesimilarqualities)
理事会成员们意见相左,分成自由和保守两个阵营
(=Thecouncilmembersdisagreed,fallingintoliberalandconservativecamps.)
*Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout.
9.(L.13)nothingmorethan:
only,just
(=Happinessisnothingmorethangoodhealthandabadmemory.)
这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。
(=Itisnothingmorethanamade-upstory.)
10.(L.19)attain:
vt.succeedinachieving,esp.afteralotofeffort
我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。
(=I’mdeterminedtoattainmypurposeatanycost.)
*Sheattainedherambitionofbecomingapilot.
attainone’sgoal达到目的
attaintheageof有…岁了
attainthetopofamoutain到达山顶
CF:
get,gain,obtain&
attain
这四个词都是动词,都有“得到”、“获得”之意。
get是最普通的用语,可指通过任何方式的获得,多用于口语中。
例如:
*Shegotthehighestscoreinfancyropejumping.她在花样跳绳中得分最高。
gain多指在竞争中获得,所得的东西往往是有用的或是所期待的。
*Ihopeyouwillgainthevictorythistime.我希望你这次获得胜利。
obtain是书面语,指靠他人或自己努力而得到,强调结果或目的。
*Bythismethod,weobtainedagoodresult.我们用这种方法获得了好结果。
attain强调达到完美的地步。
*Suchaconditionisverydifficulttoattain.这样的情况是很难达到的。
11.(L.16)minimal:
adj.verysmallinsizeoramount;
assmallaspossible
暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。
(=Thestormdidonlyminimaldamage.)
*TheFordCEOofferedtoworkforaminimalsalaryofonedollarayear.
N.B.:
该词的动词为minimize。
反义词为maximal。
12.(L.21)cherish:
vt.love(sth./sb.)verymuchandprotectthem
(=RidinghorseswithmymotherwhenIwasakidhasbecomeacherishedmemory.)
*Shecherishedthechildasthoughhewereherown.
cherishfonddreamsof做…的美梦
cherisheddesire夙愿
cherishadeeplovefor热爱…
13.(L.21)fabricate:
vt.makeup(astory,apieceofinformation,etc.)inordertodeceivepeople
*Haveyoueverliedalittle,orfabricatedastoryaboutyourself,toimpresssomeoneyoumeetthefirsttime?
她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。
(=Theexcuseforherabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.)
14.(L.22)tickle:
v.
1)amuseandinterest
*Thecomediantickledthecrowdwithhisjokes.
*IttickledhertothinkthatherbosswoulddressupasaclownattheNewYearparty.
2)moveone’sfingersonasensitivepartofanother’sbodyinawaythatmakesthemlaugh
*Shetickledtheboy'
sfeetandmadehimlaugh.
婴儿喜欢轻轻呵痒和紧紧拥抱。
(=Babiesliketobetickledandhugged.)
15.(L.25)vital:
adj.veryimportant,necessary,oressential
(=Thispointisvitaltomyargument.)
*Theleader’svitalandcheerfulmannerfilledhismenwithcourage.
Pattern:
bevitalto…对…极为重要
16.(L.25)welloff:
rich,orhavingenoughmoneytolivewell
*TheCommunistPartyofChinawillleadtheChinesepeopleinbuildingawell-offsociety.
如果他年轻时多努力一点,现在就能过得舒服些。
(=Ifhehadworkedharderwhenyoung,hewouldbewelloffnow.)
17.(L.26)emotional:
adj.connectedwithpeople’sfeelings
(=Hisemotionallanguagereducedmanyoftheaudiencetotears.)
*Naturehasprogrammedus