初中语法被动语态二Word格式文档下载.docx
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by,beside,near,beyond;
onthetree,inthetree,onthewall,inthewall;
dieof,diefrom等易混词语的辨析
教
学
过
程
Review:
(一)温习前两次课的知识内容:
1、听写单词、短语2、完成一份听力练习3、小测过去分词及名词、被动语态
(二)检查作业并对错误题目进行逐个讲解分析
(三)复习动词过去分词的变化形式:
1、规则动词过去分词的构成:
(1)一般情况+ed如worked;
以不发音的e结尾,直接+d如liked
(2)以“辅音字母+y”,y→i+ed如study→studied
(3)以重读闭音节结尾,词尾仅一个辅音字母,双写词尾辅音字母+ed如stopped,planned
2、不规则变化:
课本附录
Presentation:
被动语态
(二)
一、被动语态的构成:
被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。
be本身无词义,但有时态、人称和数的变化。
by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后,有时也可省。
1、现在:
(1)一般现在时am/is/are+doneeg.Manyaccidentsarecausedbycarelessness.
(2)现在进行时am/is/are+beingdoneeg.Thematterisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.
(3)现在完成时have/has+beendoneeg.Thelittleboyhasnotbeenfound.
2、过去:
(1)一般过去时was/were+doneeg.Abuildingwasdamagedbythestorm.
(2)过去进行时was/were+beingdoneeg.Shetoldmeanewstylewasbeingdesigned.
(3)过去完成时hadbeen+doneeg.Sheaskedwhethertheticketshadbeensoldout.
(4)过去将来时should/wouldbe/was(were)goingto+done
Eg.Hehopedthathispictureswouldbeexhibitedbeforelong.
Theyannouncedthatanewhotelwasgoingtoberebuiltthenextyear.
3、将来:
一般将来时shall/will+bedone或begoingto+be+done
Eg.Alltheworkwillbedonebyhand.
IshallbesenttoworkinLondon.
Themeetingisgoingtobeheldasplanned.
4、带情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+bedoneeg.Theenvironmentshouldbeimproved.
二、被动语态的用法:
1、不知道谁是动作的执行者时。
2、为了强调或突出动作的承受者。
3、没有必要说出动作的执行者时。
4、结构的需要。
例如:
Itissaidthat…;
Itisbelievethat…等结构中用被动语态
三、被动语态使用中应注意的问题
主动与被动的转换:
时态不变
A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语宾格→主格
B.谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)be动词要根据新主语进行人称和数的变化
C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语(介词by之后),主格→宾格
1、“be+过去分词”系表结构:
连系动词be,feel,seem,look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,表示某种状态。
I’minterestedinart.我对艺术感兴趣
Heseemsverysatisfiedwithhiswork.他看起来对他的工作很满意
2、短语动词的被动语态:
短语动词变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词
Eg.Hasthedoctorbeensentfor?
医生叫来了吗?
Thewastewaterhasbeentakenaway.废水被取走了。
Theproblemmustbepaidattentionto.必须注意这个问题。
Womenwerelookeddownuponinthepast.过去妇女是被看不起的。
3、不能用于被动语态的动词:
(1)不及物动词和不及物动词短语无被动语态例如:
Eg.Thepricehasbeenrisen.Thepricehasrisen.价格上升了。
Theboywassleptwell.Theboysleptwell.男孩睡得很熟。
Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.事故是上星期发生的。
Ø
常见的不及物动词:
appear出现,die死亡,disappear消失,end(vi.)结束,fail失败,happen发生,last持续,remain仍然是,sit坐,breakout爆发,cometrue实现,fallasleep睡着,takeplace发生,lie躺/说谎
(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词和及物动词短语
fit适合,have有/举行,marry结婚,wish希望,agreewith和……一致,arriveat/in到达,shakehandswith握手,succeedin成功,takepartin参加,belongto属于
Eg.Thebikeisbelongedtome.Thebikebelongstome.
Thesportsmeetwillbehadtomorrow.Thesportsmeetwillbeheldtomorrow.
(3)系动词无被动语态
appear出现,be是,become变成/成为,fall变成,feel感觉,get变成,grow变成,keep保持,look看上去,remain仍然是,seem似乎,smell闻上去,sound听上去,stay保持,taste尝上去,turn变成
Eg.Thenewsissoundedgood.Thenewssoundsgood.
Herfaceisturnedred.Herfaceturnsred.
(5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态:
Eg.Toswimislikedbyher.Shelikestoswim.
(6)表示主语内在特性的动词,后接副词,也很少用被动语态。
这类动词有:
sell,read,wash,write等。
Eg.Thebookissoldwell.
ThecompositionofPeter’siswrittenwell.
六、主动结构表被动意义:
(1)表示感官意义的连系动词,如smell,look,sound,taste,feel等一般用主动结构表被动意义
Eg.Cottonfeelssoft.Thefoodsmellsnice.
(2)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+tobedone表示不定式的被动结构。
如:
Eg.Thechairneedsrepairing.=Thechairneedstoberepaired.
(3)在beworthdoing中,doing表示被动意义。
Eg.Thisbookisworthreading.
(4)表示主语特征、状态的动词,特别是后面加上副词well,easily等词修饰时。
常见的这类动词有open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等。
Eg.Thiskingofcarsellswell.
Thefuelburnseasily.
(5)某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。
Eg.Thequestioniseasytoanswer.
Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.
七、被动语态的注意事项:
1、by短语省略的几种情况:
(1)无法确定动作执行者eg.TheGreatWallwasbuiltthousandsyearsago.
(2)泛指动作执行者eg.Childrenshouldbegivenagoodliving.
(3)不愿说出动作执行者
(4)前后文对执行者已有暗示eg.Yourhomeworkshouldbehandedinearlytomorrow.
2、主、被动转化,被保留的间接宾语前还原介词to\for\of(give,send,take,bring,get等)
3、在被动语态中,感官动词和使役动词后面的不定式要带to(听hear,观see/watch,使make,让let,帮help)
4、没有被动语态的词:
happen,rise,fit,turn,taste,sound,smell等
八、不能用被动语态的情况:
(1)某些表示状态的及物动词,如have有fit适合suit适合hold容纳cost花费last持续等作谓语的句子一般不能用被动语态。
Thehallcanhold2000people.
Thepairofshoesfitsyou.
Howmuchdoesitcost?
(2)Therebe结构、主系表结构、不及物动词或have作谓语的句子一般不能变被动语态。
Thereare46studentsinmyclass.
Mymotherisresponsibleforsales.
Somethingexcitinghappenedtoustoday.
OnceaweekIhaveviolinlessons.
(3)宾语是不定式、动名词、反身代词或相互代词的句子一般不用被动语态。
Wendyenjoysseeingherfriends.
Treescanpassinformationtooneanother.
Mytwo-year-olddaughtercandressherself.
(4)谓语动词与宾语组成一个不可分割的整体时,如makeupone’smind,doone’sbest,makeaface,takeplace等词组一般不用于被动语态。
YesterdayadaringrobberytookplaceatthefamousPizzaPalace.
Weshoulddoourbesttodoitbetter.
课
堂
练
习
Practice:
一、复习检测:
I写出下列名词的复数形式:
1.pencil-box_________2.wife_______3.Sunday________
4.city______5.dress_______6.Englishman________
7.match_______8.Chinese________9.zoo________
10.German_______
II单词拼写:
1.Ihavealotof________(作业)todoeveryday.
2.His_______(裤子)arenew,butmineareold.
3.Itisthebestoneofthe_________(照片)inmyfamily.
4.Aretheybuildingany_______(图书馆)inthecity?
5.Canyoucutthisbigpearintotwo_______(半)?
6.Supermarketscan’tofferplasticshopping______(袋)tothecustomersforfreenow.
7.Iwillshowmycollectionof_________(邮票)totheclass
8.----DoyoulearnEnglishbyreadingaloud?
----Yes.Ioftenreadaloudtopracticemy________(pronounce)
9.MomoftentellsLindanottotalktoa______(陌生人)
10Youshouldstopeatingtoomuchandtakemoree_____.
III单项选择
1Shewasveryhappy.She____inthemathstest.
A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakes
C.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake
2Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?
A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe
3_____are____forcuttingthings.
A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using
4Whatbig____thetigerhas!
A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes
5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.
A.leafsB.leaveC.leafD.leaves
6—Doyouliketolistento“Mozart”?
—Yes.Listeningto______ismyfavorite.
A.songsB.musicC.storiesD.news
7Hedidn’ttellhisparentshewasgoinghomebecausehewantedtogivethema______.
A.joyB.surpriseC.shockD.happiness
8Myfatheris_________engineer.Heworksveryhard
AaBanCtheD/
9Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikein________time?
A20years’B20year’sC20-years’D20-years
10—Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?
—Ihopetobe______astronaut.
A.aB.theC.an
11Bettylikes_______verymuch.Shedrawspictureseveryday.
AartBsportCmusicDscience
12---Doyouenjoyyourschoollife?
-----Yes,ofcourse.Ihavehad____wonderfultimehere
AaBanCthe
13—TanQianqiu,apoliticsteacher,diedinordertosavehisfourstudentsintheearthquake(地震)inWenchuan.
—_____________teacherheis!
A.HowexcellentB.WhatanexcellentC.Whataexcellent
14Moreandmoreforeignstudentscometochinatolearn____Chinese.
AaBanCtheD/
15Aftermovingtotheirnewhouse,theLeesboughtsome__inthemallnearby.
AfurnitureBchairCtableDshelf
二、效果检测:
1.MoreandmoreforeignersspeakChineseintheworldnow.(改为被动语态)
2.TodayChinese____________(teach)inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.
3.Riceisgrowninthesouthbythem.(改为主动句)
4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,____________(regard)as"
PeopleWriter"
.
5.AtalkonChinesehistory____intheschoolhallnextweek.
AisgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive
6.That'
sanicewatch!
Isit_____inChina?
AmakeBmakingCmadeDmakes
7.Hisgrandma_____fortwoyears.
AwasdiedBhasbeendeadCwasdeadDhasdied
8.Themedicine_____cool,cleananddry.
AmustkeepBmustbekeptCmustbecarriedDmustbein
9.Thelostboy_____earlythismorning.
AfoundBwasfoundedCwasfoundDhadfound
10.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_____dirty.
AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowing
CstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing
11.Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed_____.
AhadproducedBhavebeenproducedCwouldhaveproducedDhadbeenproduced
12.Nickajobinabank,buttooursurprise,hedidn’ttakeit.
A.isofferedB.offeredC.wasofferedD.hasoffered
13.Itogettherebeforeseventomorrow,soI’llhavetogetupearly.
A.toldB.havetoldC.willtellD.wastold
14.Theyoungmanwasoftenseenbythelake.
A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew
15.Wheredidyougolastnight?
ItogotoLiLei’sbirthdayparty.
A.askedB.amaskedC.havebeenaskedD.wasasked
16.Howdoyoulikethematerial?
Verymuch.Itsoftandnice.
A.feelB.feelsC.isfeltD.felt
后
作
业
一、单选:
()1.Moreandmoreforeignerswantto_______theircompaniesinZhejiang.
A.cleanupB.lookupC.pickupD.openup
()2.CanI______yourdictionary?
--Sony,I'
musingit.
A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.return
()3._______mecarefully,boysandgirls.Canyou_____meclearly.9
A.Listento,hearfromB.Hear,listentoC.Hear,hearD.Listento,hear
()4.Letthechildrengoaway.They'
remakingtom