初中语法被动语态二Word格式文档下载.docx

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初中语法被动语态二Word格式文档下载.docx

by,beside,near,beyond;

onthetree,inthetree,onthewall,inthewall;

dieof,diefrom等易混词语的辨析

Review:

(一)温习前两次课的知识内容:

1、听写单词、短语2、完成一份听力练习3、小测过去分词及名词、被动语态

(二)检查作业并对错误题目进行逐个讲解分析

(三)复习动词过去分词的变化形式:

1、规则动词过去分词的构成:

(1)一般情况+ed如worked;

以不发音的e结尾,直接+d如liked

(2)以“辅音字母+y”,y→i+ed如study→studied

(3)以重读闭音节结尾,词尾仅一个辅音字母,双写词尾辅音字母+ed如stopped,planned

2、不规则变化:

课本附录

Presentation:

被动语态

(二)

一、被动语态的构成:

被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。

be本身无词义,但有时态、人称和数的变化。

by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后,有时也可省。

1、现在:

(1)一般现在时am/is/are+doneeg.Manyaccidentsarecausedbycarelessness.

(2)现在进行时am/is/are+beingdoneeg.Thematterisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.

(3)现在完成时have/has+beendoneeg.Thelittleboyhasnotbeenfound.

2、过去:

(1)一般过去时was/were+doneeg.Abuildingwasdamagedbythestorm.

(2)过去进行时was/were+beingdoneeg.Shetoldmeanewstylewasbeingdesigned.

(3)过去完成时hadbeen+doneeg.Sheaskedwhethertheticketshadbeensoldout.

(4)过去将来时should/wouldbe/was(were)goingto+done

Eg.Hehopedthathispictureswouldbeexhibitedbeforelong.

Theyannouncedthatanewhotelwasgoingtoberebuiltthenextyear.

3、将来:

一般将来时shall/will+bedone或begoingto+be+done

Eg.Alltheworkwillbedonebyhand.

IshallbesenttoworkinLondon.

Themeetingisgoingtobeheldasplanned.

4、带情态动词的被动语态:

情态动词+bedoneeg.Theenvironmentshouldbeimproved.

二、被动语态的用法:

1、不知道谁是动作的执行者时。

2、为了强调或突出动作的承受者。

3、没有必要说出动作的执行者时。

4、结构的需要。

例如:

Itissaidthat…;

Itisbelievethat…等结构中用被动语态

三、被动语态使用中应注意的问题

主动与被动的转换:

时态不变

A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语宾格→主格

B.谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)be动词要根据新主语进行人称和数的变化

C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语(介词by之后),主格→宾格

1、“be+过去分词”系表结构:

连系动词be,feel,seem,look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,表示某种状态。

I’minterestedinart.我对艺术感兴趣

Heseemsverysatisfiedwithhiswork.他看起来对他的工作很满意

2、短语动词的被动语态:

短语动词变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词

Eg.Hasthedoctorbeensentfor?

医生叫来了吗?

Thewastewaterhasbeentakenaway.废水被取走了。

Theproblemmustbepaidattentionto.必须注意这个问题。

Womenwerelookeddownuponinthepast.过去妇女是被看不起的。

3、不能用于被动语态的动词:

(1)不及物动词和不及物动词短语无被动语态例如:

Eg.Thepricehasbeenrisen.Thepricehasrisen.价格上升了。

Theboywassleptwell.Theboysleptwell.男孩睡得很熟。

Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.事故是上星期发生的。

Ø

常见的不及物动词:

appear出现,die死亡,disappear消失,end(vi.)结束,fail失败,happen发生,last持续,remain仍然是,sit坐,breakout爆发,cometrue实现,fallasleep睡着,takeplace发生,lie躺/说谎

(2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词和及物动词短语

fit适合,have有/举行,marry结婚,wish希望,agreewith和……一致,arriveat/in到达,shakehandswith握手,succeedin成功,takepartin参加,belongto属于

Eg.Thebikeisbelongedtome.Thebikebelongstome.

Thesportsmeetwillbehadtomorrow.Thesportsmeetwillbeheldtomorrow.

(3)系动词无被动语态

appear出现,be是,become变成/成为,fall变成,feel感觉,get变成,grow变成,keep保持,look看上去,remain仍然是,seem似乎,smell闻上去,sound听上去,stay保持,taste尝上去,turn变成

Eg.Thenewsissoundedgood.Thenewssoundsgood.

Herfaceisturnedred.Herfaceturnsred.

(5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态:

Eg.Toswimislikedbyher.Shelikestoswim.

(6)表示主语内在特性的动词,后接副词,也很少用被动语态。

这类动词有:

sell,read,wash,write等。

Eg.Thebookissoldwell.

ThecompositionofPeter’siswrittenwell.

 

六、主动结构表被动意义:

(1)表示感官意义的连系动词,如smell,look,sound,taste,feel等一般用主动结构表被动意义

Eg.Cottonfeelssoft.Thefoodsmellsnice.

(2)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+tobedone表示不定式的被动结构。

如:

Eg.Thechairneedsrepairing.=Thechairneedstoberepaired.

(3)在beworthdoing中,doing表示被动意义。

Eg.Thisbookisworthreading.

(4)表示主语特征、状态的动词,特别是后面加上副词well,easily等词修饰时。

常见的这类动词有open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等。

Eg.Thiskingofcarsellswell.

Thefuelburnseasily.

(5)某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。

Eg.Thequestioniseasytoanswer.

Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

七、被动语态的注意事项:

1、by短语省略的几种情况:

(1)无法确定动作执行者eg.TheGreatWallwasbuiltthousandsyearsago.

(2)泛指动作执行者eg.Childrenshouldbegivenagoodliving.

(3)不愿说出动作执行者

(4)前后文对执行者已有暗示eg.Yourhomeworkshouldbehandedinearlytomorrow.

2、主、被动转化,被保留的间接宾语前还原介词to\for\of(give,send,take,bring,get等)

3、在被动语态中,感官动词和使役动词后面的不定式要带to(听hear,观see/watch,使make,让let,帮help)

4、没有被动语态的词:

happen,rise,fit,turn,taste,sound,smell等

八、不能用被动语态的情况:

(1)某些表示状态的及物动词,如have有fit适合suit适合hold容纳cost花费last持续等作谓语的句子一般不能用被动语态。

Thehallcanhold2000people.

Thepairofshoesfitsyou.

Howmuchdoesitcost?

(2)Therebe结构、主系表结构、不及物动词或have作谓语的句子一般不能变被动语态。

Thereare46studentsinmyclass.

Mymotherisresponsibleforsales.

Somethingexcitinghappenedtoustoday.

OnceaweekIhaveviolinlessons.

(3)宾语是不定式、动名词、反身代词或相互代词的句子一般不用被动语态。

Wendyenjoysseeingherfriends.

Treescanpassinformationtooneanother.

Mytwo-year-olddaughtercandressherself.

(4)谓语动词与宾语组成一个不可分割的整体时,如makeupone’smind,doone’sbest,makeaface,takeplace等词组一般不用于被动语态。

YesterdayadaringrobberytookplaceatthefamousPizzaPalace.

Weshoulddoourbesttodoitbetter.

Practice:

一、复习检测:

I写出下列名词的复数形式:

1.pencil-box_________2.wife_______3.Sunday________

4.city______5.dress_______6.Englishman________

7.match_______8.Chinese________9.zoo________

10.German_______

II单词拼写:

1.Ihavealotof________(作业)todoeveryday.

2.His_______(裤子)arenew,butmineareold.

3.Itisthebestoneofthe_________(照片)inmyfamily.

4.Aretheybuildingany_______(图书馆)inthecity?

5.Canyoucutthisbigpearintotwo_______(半)?

6.Supermarketscan’tofferplasticshopping______(袋)tothecustomersforfreenow.

7.Iwillshowmycollectionof_________(邮票)totheclass

8.----DoyoulearnEnglishbyreadingaloud?

----Yes.Ioftenreadaloudtopracticemy________(pronounce)

9.MomoftentellsLindanottotalktoa______(陌生人)

10Youshouldstopeatingtoomuchandtakemoree_____.

III单项选择

1Shewasveryhappy.She____inthemathstest.

A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakes 

C.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake

2Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?

A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe

3_____are____forcuttingthings.

A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using

4Whatbig____thetigerhas!

A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes

5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.

A.leafsB.leaveC.leafD.leaves

6—Doyouliketolistento“Mozart”?

—Yes.Listeningto______ismyfavorite.

A.songsB.musicC.storiesD.news

7Hedidn’ttellhisparentshewasgoinghomebecausehewantedtogivethema______.

A.joyB.surpriseC.shockD.happiness

8Myfatheris_________engineer.Heworksveryhard

AaBanCtheD/

9Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikein________time?

A20years’B20year’sC20-years’D20-years

10—Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?

—Ihopetobe______astronaut.

A.aB.theC.an

11Bettylikes_______verymuch.Shedrawspictureseveryday.

AartBsportCmusicDscience

12---Doyouenjoyyourschoollife?

-----Yes,ofcourse.Ihavehad____wonderfultimehere

AaBanCthe

13—TanQianqiu,apoliticsteacher,diedinordertosavehisfourstudentsintheearthquake(地震)inWenchuan.

—_____________teacherheis!

A.HowexcellentB.WhatanexcellentC.Whataexcellent

14Moreandmoreforeignstudentscometochinatolearn____Chinese.

AaBanCtheD/

15Aftermovingtotheirnewhouse,theLeesboughtsome__inthemallnearby.

AfurnitureBchairCtableDshelf

二、效果检测:

1.MoreandmoreforeignersspeakChineseintheworldnow.(改为被动语态)

2.TodayChinese____________(teach)inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.

3.Riceisgrowninthesouthbythem.(改为主动句)

4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,____________(regard)as"

PeopleWriter"

.

5.AtalkonChinesehistory____intheschoolhallnextweek.

AisgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive

6.That'

sanicewatch!

Isit_____inChina?

AmakeBmakingCmadeDmakes

7.Hisgrandma_____fortwoyears.

AwasdiedBhasbeendeadCwasdeadDhasdied

8.Themedicine_____cool,cleananddry.

AmustkeepBmustbekeptCmustbecarriedDmustbein

9.Thelostboy_____earlythismorning.

AfoundBwasfoundedCwasfoundDhadfound

10.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_____dirty.

AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowing

CstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing

11.Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed_____.

AhadproducedBhavebeenproducedCwouldhaveproducedDhadbeenproduced

12.Nickajobinabank,buttooursurprise,hedidn’ttakeit.

A.isofferedB.offeredC.wasofferedD.hasoffered

13.Itogettherebeforeseventomorrow,soI’llhavetogetupearly.

A.toldB.havetoldC.willtellD.wastold

14.Theyoungmanwasoftenseenbythelake.

A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew

15.Wheredidyougolastnight?

ItogotoLiLei’sbirthdayparty.

A.askedB.amaskedC.havebeenaskedD.wasasked

16.Howdoyoulikethematerial?

Verymuch.Itsoftandnice.

A.feelB.feelsC.isfeltD.felt

一、单选:

()1.Moreandmoreforeignerswantto_______theircompaniesinZhejiang.

  A.cleanupB.lookupC.pickupD.openup

  ()2.CanI______yourdictionary?

--Sony,I'

musingit.

  A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.return

  ()3._______mecarefully,boysandgirls.Canyou_____meclearly.9

  A.Listento,hearfromB.Hear,listentoC.Hear,hearD.Listento,hear

  ()4.Letthechildrengoaway.They'

remakingtom

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