初中语法被动语态二Word格式文档下载.docx

1、by, beside, near, beyond；on the tree, in the tree, on the wall, in the wall；die of, die from等易混词语的辨析教学过程Review: （一）温习前两次课的知识内容：1、听写单词、短语 2、完成一份听力练习 3、小测过去分词及名词、被动语态（二）检查作业并对错误题目进行逐个讲解分析（三）复习动词过去分词的变化形式：1、规则动词过去分词的构成：（1）一般情况+ed 如worked；以不发音的e结尾，直接+d 如liked（2）以“辅音字母+y”，y i+ed 如study studied（3）以重读闭音节结尾

2、，词尾仅一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ed 如stopped，planned2、不规则变化：课本附录Presentation: 被动语态（二）一、被动语态的构成：被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by）”。be 本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。1、现在：（1）一般现在时 am/is/are + done eg. Many accidents are caused by carelessness.（2）现在进行时 am/is/are + being done eg. The matter is being discuss

3、ed at the meeting.（3）现在完成时 have/has + been done eg. The little boy has not been found.2、过去：（1）一般过去时 was/were + done eg. A building was damaged by the storm.（2）过去进行时 was/were + being done eg. She told me a new style was being designed.（3）过去完成时 had been + done eg. She asked whether the tickets had bee

4、n sold out.（4）过去将来时 should/would be/was（were） going to + doneEg. He hoped that his pictures would be exhibited before long. They announced that a new hotel was going to be rebuilt the next year.3、将来：一般将来时 shall/will + be done 或 be going to + be + doneEg. All the work will be done by hand. I shall be

5、 sent to work in London. The meeting is going to be held as planned.4、带情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be done eg. The environment should be improved.二、被动语态的用法：1、不知道谁是动作的执行者时。2、为了强调或突出动作的承受者。3、没有必要说出动作的执行者时。4、结构的需要。例如：It is said that；It is believe that等结构中用被动语态三、被动语态使用中应注意的问题主动与被动的转换：时态不变A. 主动中的宾语 被动语态的主语 宾格主格B. 谓语

6、变成被动结构（be过去分词）be动词要根据新主语进行人称和数的变化C. 主动中的主语 被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格宾格1、“be + 过去分词”系表结构：连系动词be, feel, seem, look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。Im interested in art. 我对艺术感兴趣He seems very satisfied with his work. 他看起来对他的工作很满意2、短语动词的被动语态：短语动词变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词Eg. Has the doctor been sent for? 医生叫来了吗？ The

7、waste water has been taken away. 废水被取走了。 The problem must be paid attention to. 必须注意这个问题。 Women were looked down upon in the past. 过去妇女是被看不起的。3、不能用于被动语态的动词：（1）不及物动词和不及物动词短语无被动语态 例如：Eg. The price has been risen. The price has risen. 价格上升了。 The boy was slept well. The boy slept well. 男孩睡得很熟。The accide

8、nt was happened last week. The accident happened last week. 事故是上星期发生的。 常见的不及物动词：appear出现，die死亡，disappear消失，end（vi.）结束，fail失败，happen发生，last持续，remain仍然是，sit坐，break out爆发，come true实现，fall asleep睡着，take place发生，lie躺/说谎（2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词和及物动词短语 fit适合，have有/举行，marry结婚，wish希望，agree with和一致，arrive at/in到达，sha

9、ke hands with握手，succeed in成功，take part in参加，belong to属于Eg. The bike is belonged to me. The bike belongs to me. The sports meet will be had tomorrow. The sports meet will be held tomorrow.（3）系动词无被动语态 appear出现，be是，become变成/成为，fall变成，feel感觉，get变成，grow变成，keep保持，look看上去，remain仍然是，seem似乎，smell闻上去，sound听上去

10、，stay保持，taste尝上去，turn变成Eg. The news is sounded good. The news sounds good. Her face is turned red. Her face turns red.（5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态：Eg. To swim is liked by her. She likes to swim.（6）表示主语内在特性的动词，后接副词，也很少用被动语态。 这类动词有：sell, read, wash, write等。Eg. The book is sold well. The composition of Peters

11、is written well.六、主动结构表被动意义：（1）表示感官意义的连系动词，如smell, look, sound, taste, feel等一般用主动结构表被动意义Eg. Cotton feels soft. The food smells nice.（2）want/need/require + doing相当于want/need/require + to be done表示不定式的被动结构。如：Eg. The chair needs repairing. = The chair needs to be repaired.（3）在be worth doing中，doing表示被动意

12、义。Eg. This book is worth reading.（4）表示主语特征、状态的动词，特别是后面加上副词well, easily等词修饰时。常见的这类动词有open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等。Eg. This king of car sells well. The fuel burns easily.（5）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。Eg. The question is easy to answer. I have a lot of homework to do.七、被动语态的注意事项

13、：1、by短语省略的几种情况：（1）无法确定动作执行者 eg. The Great Wall was built thousands years ago.（2）泛指动作执行者 eg. Children should be given a good living.（3）不愿说出动作执行者 （4）前后文对执行者已有暗示 eg. Your homework should be handed in early tomorrow.2、主、被动转化,被保留的间接宾语前还原介词toforof （give, send, take, bring, get等）3、在被动语态中，感官动词和使役动词后面的不定式要带t

14、o （听hear, 观see/watch, 使make, 让let, 帮help）4、没有被动语态的词：happen, rise, fit, turn, taste, sound, smell等八、不能用被动语态的情况：（1） 某些表示状态的及物动词，如have有fit适合suit适合hold容纳cost花费last持续等作谓语的句子一般不能用被动语态。The hall can hold 2000 people.The pair of shoes fits you.How much does it cost?（2） There be结构、主系表结构、不及物动词或have作谓语的句子一般不能变被

15、动语态。There are 46 students in my class.My mother is responsible for sales.Something exciting happened to us today.Once a week I have violin lessons.（3） 宾语是不定式、动名词、反身代词或相互代词的句子一般不用被动语态。Wendy enjoys seeing her friends.Trees can pass information to one another.My two-year-old daughter can dress herself.

16、（4） 谓语动词与宾语组成一个不可分割的整体时，如make up ones mind, do ones best, make a face, take place等词组一般不用于被动语态。Yesterday a daring robbery took place at the famous Pizza Palace.We should do our best to do it better.课堂练习Practice:一、 复习检测：I写出下列名词的复数形式：1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday_4. city_ 5. dress _ 6. Englishman

17、 _ 7. match _ 8. Chinese _ 9. zoo _10. German _ II单词拼写：1. I have a lot of _（作业） to do every day. 2. His _（裤子） are new, but mine are old.3. It is the best one of the _ （照片） in my family.4. Are they building any _ （图书馆） in the city?5. Can you cut this big pear into two _（半）?6. Supermarkets cant offer

18、plastic shopping _（袋）to the customers for free now.7. I will show my collection of_（ 邮票） to the class 8. -Do you learn English by reading aloud?- Yes. I often read aloud to practice my _ _（pronounce） 9.Mom often tells Linda not to talk to a _ _（陌生人） 10 You should stop eating too much and take more e

19、_ _. III 单项选择 1 She was very happy. She _ in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe3 _are_ _for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used

20、 C. Knife/using D. Knives/using4 What big_ _ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_ _. A. leafs B. leave C. leaf D. leaves6 Do you like to listen to “Mozart”? Yes. Listening to _ is my favorite.A. songs B. music C. stories D. news7 He didnt

21、 tell his parents he was going home because he wanted to give them a _.A. joy B. surprise C. shock D. happiness8 My father is _ engineer. He works very hard A a B an C the D /9 Can you imagine what life will be like in _time?A 20 years B 20 years C 20-years D20-years10 What are you going to be when

22、you grow up? I hope to be _ astronaut. A. a B. the C. an11 Betty likes_ very much. She draws pictures every day. A art B sport C music D science 12 -Do you enjoy your school life ?- Yes, of course. I have had_ wonderful time hereA a B an C the 13 Tan Qianqiu, a politics teacher, died in order to sav

23、e his four students in the earthquake（地震） in Wenchuan. _teacher he is!A. How excellent B. What an excellent C. What a excellent14 More and more foreign students come to china to learn_ Chinese. A a B an C the D / 15 After moving to their new house, the Lees bought some _ _ in the mall nearby. A furn

24、iture B chair C table D shelf 二、效果检测：1. More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world now.（改为被动语态）2. Today Chinese _ （teach） in many schools around the world.3. Rice is grown in the south by them.（改为主动句）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _ （regard） as People Writer.5. A talk on C

25、hinese history _ in the school hall next week.A is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give6. Thats a nice watch! Is it _ in China?A make B making C made D makes7. His grandma _ for two years.A was died B has been dead C was dead D has died8. The medicine _ cool, clean and dry.A must ke

26、ep B must be kept C must be carried D must be in9. The lost boy _ early this morning.A found B was founded C was found D had found10. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty.A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwingC stop to throw D stop from throwing11. Between 1897 and 1919 at least

27、29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed _.A had produced B have been produced C would have produced D had been produced12. Nick a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didnt take it. A. is offered B. offered C. was offered D. has offered13. I to get there before seven tomorrow,

28、 so Ill have to get up early. A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was told14. The young man was often seen by the lake.A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew15. Where did you go last night? I to go to Li Leis birthday party. A. asked B. am asked C. have been asked D. was asked16. How do you like

29、the material? Very much. It soft and nice. A. feel B. feels C. is felt D. felt后作业一、单选：（ ） 1. More and more foreigners want to _their companies in Zhejiang.A. clean up B. look up C. pick up D. open up（ ） 2. Can I _your dictionary? -Sony, Im using it.A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return（ ） 3. _ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _ me clearly.9A. Listen to, hear from B. Hear, listen to C. Hear, hear D. Listen to, hear（ ） 4. Let the children go away. Theyre making to m