牛津高中英语模块二Unit 1文档格式.docx
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1.现在完成时态的构成:
现在完成时是由助动词have/has+过去分词构成。
2.在现完成时表示动作完成在过去,强调对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already,just,ever,never和yet等连用。
表示曾去过某处have/hasbeen;
表示某人去某处(还没有回来)用have/hasgone。
例如:
Ihavejustlockedthedoor.
HehasleftLondonforYork.
3.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,有以下几种情况:
与for+表示一段时间的词组连用。
Ihaveworkedherefor20years.
与since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。
Theyhavehad4meetingssincethenewtermbegan.
4.非延续性动词与可延续性动词
两者都可用于现在完成时,但非延续性动词用在现在完成时时不能与表示一段时间的
时间状语连用。
如果必须这样用,就需要把非延续性动词转化为可延续性动词或状态动词。
Hehasbeenbackforthreedays.
Hehasbeenbacksincethreedaysago.
It'
sthreedayssincehecameback.
Threedayshaspassedsincehecameback.
B.现在完成进行时
构成:
have/hasbeen+doing
现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。
由于它有现在完成时的特点,所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。
由于它有现在进行时的特点,所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性。
现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,例如:
Thecouplehavebeenquarrelingeversincetheygotmarried.(说话人对这对夫妻的关系很不以为然)
Youhavebeenaskingmequestionsforthelasttwohours.(不耐烦)
1.现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时刻还在进行。
a.Hehasbeenworkingonthepuzzlesinceearlymorning.
b.Wehavebeenwaitingfortheresultforhalfaday.
2.现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时刻刚刚结束。
a.Wherehaveyoubeen?
Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.
b.Ihavebeenwonderingaboutyourbehavior.
3.现在完成进行时可以用来表示过去刚刚完成的动作,其结果对现在有影响或联系,例如:
a.Shehasbeencrying(她现在眼睛还在红肿).
b.Ithasbeensnowing.(地上已经有了一层雪).
【难点讲解】
1.Theworldweliveintodayisfullofmysteriesunsolvedevenbytoday’sadvancedscienceandtechnology.
我们生活的世界里充满了谜团,这些谜团即使是当今发达的科学技术也无法解开。
过去分词短语unsolvedevenbytoday’sadvancedscienceandtechnology是mysteries的定语,它的作用相当于定语从句whichareunsolvedevenbytoday’sadvancedscienceandtechnology。
当定语从句是由关系代词+be动词+过去分词或现在分词短语构成时,关系代词和be动词可以省略。
Stories(whichwere)madeupbyhimdidn’tsoundveryconvincing.
People(whoare)livingintheseareasbelieveinghosts.
Advanced先进的、发达的。
2.PoliceinAmericahavesteppeduptheirsearchforafifteen-year-oldboywhowentmissinginDover,NewHampshire.
美国警方现已加紧对一名15岁失踪男孩的搜索,该男孩于两天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。
stepup加紧,如:
stepupproduction,stepupthecampaign,stepupthelobby(加紧游说)
search在句中作名词,常见词组有one’s/thesearchfor(对…的搜索、探求),insearchof(为了寻求)。
Hissearchfortruthhasledtoonediscoveryafteranother.
Heriskedhislifeinsearchoftruth.
Police是集体名词,形式上永远是单数,和复数动词连用。
3.Peoplehaveshowngreatinterestinhisdisappearanceduetosightingofpuzzlinglightsintheskyandreportsofalienvisitsaroundthetimeofhisdisappearance.
公众对男孩的失踪表现出极大的兴趣,原因是在他失踪前后有人声称看到天空中出现令人迷惑不解的亮光,还有关于外星人造访地球的报道。
4.Standinginsidewerelotsofwhite-skinned,strange-lookingcreatureswithlargeblackeyes.
(飞碟)里面站着许多白皮肤、样子奇怪、长着黑色大眼睛的生物。
这是个倒装句,这句话的正常语序是:
Lotsofwhite-skinned,strange-lookingcreatureswithlargeblackeyeswerestandinginside.当句子的主语部分太长,或说话人想要强调对动作的描写时,可以把现在分词短语和主语部分的位置交换,形成“现在分词短语+be动词+主语部分”的倒装结构。
Lyingtherewasathin,blackwomanwithuntidyhairandstonyface.
ComingupisatalkshowbyourfamoushostPeterPan.
white-skinned白皮肤的,这是一个由形容词+名词+ed构成的复合形容词,中学阶段常见的还有:
kind-hearted,bold-faced,ill-tempered等。
strange-looking样子奇怪的。
形容词/副词+动词+ing也可以构成的复合形容词,例如:
good-looking,easy-going(好相处的),never-ending,ever-lasting.
5.believe和believein
believe+sb表示“相信某人的话”,believe+sth表示“相信某事的真实性”。
IbelieveGeorge,hehasnevertoldalie.
Doyoubelievehisstory?
Believein+sb表示“信任某人”,believein+sth表示“相信某事的存在、信仰某种学说或宗教”。
IbelieveinEd,hewillneverletmedown(让我失望).
Idon’tbelieveinUFO.
HebelievesinMaxism.
6.search和searchfor
search+搜查的对象,例如:
searchthehouse,searchtheprisoner.
Searchfor+,例如:
searchforgold,searchforfood.
也可以是:
search+搜查的对象+搜索的目标。
searchthehouseforthethief
7.makeup编造,makeupfor补偿、弥补,bemadeupof由….构成.例如:
Wehadtoworkdayandnighttomakeupforthelosttime.
Hemadeupthisstorysimplytodrawattentiontohimself.
Theexplorationteamwasmadeupof4scientists,adoctorandanIndianguide.
8.go作为系动词用法小结:
1)表示“变得”,常和有关颜色、状态、质地的形容词或词组连用,例如:
a.Hishairhasgonegray.
b.Hewentpurple(发紫)withanger.
c.Thecompanywentbroke(破产)aftersuchaheavyloss.
d.Milkgoesbad(变质)veryeasilyinhotweather.
e.Thechildrenwentwildwithexcitement(高兴地发狂).
f.Theprojectcanbefinishedinaweekifnothinggoeswrong.
2)表示“选择….样的方式、采用….的方法”,例如:
gonatural回归自然,gointernational国际化,gonative融入当地社会,gogreen追求绿色生活。
3)表示“未受到…”,常和un+过去分词构成的形容词unpunished/unnoticed/unchallenged/uncommented等连用,相当于“pass/getawaywithoutbeing+过去分词”,例如:
a.Manyimportantdetailshavegoneunnoticedwhilehewaslistening.
b.Ifhischeatinggoesunpunished,morestudentswillfollowsuit(跟着学).
【同步练习】
一、单项选择
1.Nanjingissituated-------theYangtseRiver.
A.toB.nearC.onD.at
2.Johnwillsettle--------afterhegetsajobandgetsmarried.
A.downB.upC.aboutD.for
3.Alargenumberofpeople--------Londoneachyear.
A.visitsB.visitingC.arevisitD.visit
4.Mostofthemeat--------bad.
A.havegoneB.havewentC.hasgoneD.haswent
5.Wehavegotusedto-------together.
A.workB.worksC.workedD.working
6.Heisn`tthemanheusedto---------.
A.beB.isC.beenD.being
7.He------himself-----theimprovementofworkers`lives.
A.asked;
forB.devoted;
toC.paid;
byD.put;
in
8.Thisisthehotel--------someGermanfriendsstayedyesterday.
A.whichB.whereC.theoneD.what
9.All-----glittersisnotgold.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.it
10.Isthatthewoman----------daughterisinyourclass?
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that
11.TheyleftforBeijinglastweekandwe--------fromthemsofar.
A.don`thearB.didn`thearC.won`thearD.haven`theard
12.Wheneverhe------thesedays,healwayscarriesanumbrellawithhim.
A.willgooutB.isgoingoutC.wouldgooutD.goesout
13.Wouldyoubesokind--------makethesecallsforme.
A.assoonB.inordertoC.forD.asto
14.Ifitisn`ttoo----------foryou,couldyouopenthiswindowplease?
A.manytroublesB.muchtroubleC.muchpleasureD.littledifficulties
15.Thewindowisbroken,Iwillhaveit----------.
A.torepairB.repairingC.repairedD.berepaired
二、用下列单词或词组的适当形式填空:
Believe,believein,runinto,stepup,search,searchfor,carryout,frighten
existence,exploration,convince,witness,puzzle,late,sink.
1.Thepolice______already_______hishousebuthaven’tfoundanyevidenceagainsthim.
2.Thelocalgovernmenthas________campaignagainstbirdflu(禽流感).
3.I___________anoldfriendinthestreettheotherday.
4.Scientistshavebeen__________thetracesofYetisinTibet.
5.Doyou_______thatwewillrunoutofoilinascoreofyears?
6.Asabusinessmanhe__________nothingbutmoney.
7.Itishighlyimpossibleto________thisplan.
8.Therewasa_______lookonhisfacewhenheheardhisnamecalled.
9.Theroarofwildanimalsatnightsoundedvery________tothekids.
10.I’mfully_________ofhisinnocence(清白)
11.Haveyouheardfromyourparents_______?
12.ShelookedpastmeasifIdidnot_______.
13.Therewerelotsofpeople_________thishistoricalevent.
14.Theyfoundnothingofgreatvalueinthe_______ship.
15.Manhaslaunchedmanyspaceships_______outerspace.
三、完形填空
Iwenttomyfavoriterestaurantoneeveningtohavesupper.Iknewtheownerverywell.1Iwaswaitingforthesouptoarrive,IlookedaroundtoseeifIknewanyoneintherestaurant.Itwas2thatInoticedamansittingatthecornertable3watchinginmydirection,asifheknewme.Themanhadanewspaperopen4him,whichhewas5toread,thoughallthewhileIcouldseethathewaskeepinganeyeonme.Whenthewaiterbroughtthesoup,themanwasclearly6bythefamiliarwayinwhichthewaiterandItalkedtoeachother.HebecameevenmorepuzzledastimewentonanditgrewmoreandmoreobviousthatIwaswell7intherestaurant.Intheendhegotupandwenttothekitchen.Afterafewminuteshecame8again,paidhisbillandleftwithout9lookinginmydirection.
WhenIfinishedandwas10topaymybill,Icalledtheowneroverand11himwhatthemanhadwanted.Theownerat12didn’twanttotellme.I13“Well”,hesaid“thatmanwasadetective.”“14?
”Isaid,muchsurprised.“hefollowedyouherebecausehe15youwerethemanhewaslookingfor,”theownersaid.“Heshowedmeaphotoofthe16man.Hecertainlylooked17you!
Ofcoursesinceweknowyouhere.Iwasabletomakehim18thathehadmadeamistake.”“It’s19IcametoarestaurantwhereI’mwhereI’mknown,”Isaid,“otherwiseI20havebeentakentopolicestation!
”
1.A.WhileB.AfterC.BeforeD.Until
2.A.timeB.timeC.hereD.there
3.A.beganB.enjoyedC.keptD.stopped
4.A.behindB.overC.infrontof