职称英语理工类阅读理解及完形填空新增文章打印版Word文件下载.docx

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SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers

第四十六篇（A级）：

MarvelousMetamaterials

第二篇

　　Inafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil，scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworldconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014.Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlierthansomeotherpredictions.TheirstudyisinACS’Energy&

Fuels1.

　　IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhassparkedagrowinginterestinpredicting"

peakoil"

."

Peakoil"

isthepointwhereoilproductionreachesamaximumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthispoint，andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.OneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalledtheHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelatedconceptisthat4of"

PeakOil."

Theterm"

PeakOil"

indicatesthemomentinwhichworldwideproductionwillpeak，afterwardstostartonirreversibledecline.

　　TheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStatesin1970.Themodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproductionworldwide.

　　However，recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoilproductioncyclesofsomecountries.Thosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges，politics，andotherfactors，thescientistssay.

ThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesamorerealisticandaccurateoilproductionforecast.Usingthenewmodel，thescientistsevaluatedtheoilproductiontrendsof47majoroil-producingcountries，whichsupplymostoftheworld’sconventionalcrudeoil6.Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014，yearsearlierthananticipated.Thescientistsalsoshowedthattheworld’soilreserves7arebeingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-relateddecisionsandpublicpolicydebate，theysuggest.

　　练习：

　　1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"

sparked"

appearinginparagraph2?

　　A.flashed

　　B.stimulated

　　C.changed

　　D.ended

　　2.Theterm"

abellshapedcurve"

appearinginparagraph2indicatesthatglobaloilproductionwill

　　A.taketheshapeofaflatcurve.

　　B.keepgrowing.

　　C.keepdeclining.

　　D.starttodeclineafterglobaloilproductionpeaks.

　　3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHubbertmodel?

　　A.ItsuccessfullypredictedthatoilproductionpeakedintheU.S.in1970.

　　B.Ithasbeenusedtopredictoilproductioninmanycountries.

　　C.Itisinsufficienttoexplainoilproductioncyclesinsomecountries.

　　D.Itprovidesaveryrealisticandaccurateoilproduction.

　　4.Whatisthemajorachievementofthenewstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?

　　A.Itpredictsglobaloilproductionwillpeakin2014.

　　B.Itpredictsoilproductionwilldeclinein47countries.

　　C.ItconfirmsfurthertheeffectivenessoftheHubbertmodel.

　　D.Itdiscoversanewgendofworldwideoilproduction.

　　5.WhodevelopthenewversionoftheHubbertmodel?

　　A.Americanscientists.

　　B.Kuwaitiscientists.

　　C.Britishscientists.

　　D.Scientistsof47majoroil-producingcountries.

　　第六篇

　　IntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexico1，thenativeHuicholpeople2livemuchthewaytheirancestorsdid-withoutelectricity.That'

sbecauseit'

stooexpensivetostringpowerlines3totheremotemountainareaswheretheylive.Tohelpsupportthemselves，theHuicholcreatebeautifulartwork.Theyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages.Andwithoutelectricity-athomeorontheroad，theycanonlyworkduringdaylighthours.Whenitgetsdark，theymuststopwhateverthey’redoing.

　　Now，ateamofscientists，designers，andarchitectsisusing4newtechnologiestoprovidetheHuicholwithlightafterthesunsetsThescientists'

techniqueinvolvesweavingtinyelectroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothes，bags，orotheritems.

　　Bycollectingthesun’senergyduringtheday，theselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhitelightatnight.Theirinventorshavenamedthefabrics"

PortableLights."

PortableLightshavethepotentialtotransformthelivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundtheworld，saysprojectleaderSheilaKennedy.

　　“Ourinvention，”Kennedysays，“camefromseeinghowwecouldtransformtechnologywesaweverydayintheUnitedStatesandmoveitintonewmarketsforpeoplewhodidn’thavealotofmoney.”

　　Atthecoreof5PortableLighttechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emittingdiodes，orHBLEDs6.Thesetinylightsappearindigitalclocks，televisions，andstreetlights.

　　LEDsarecompletelydifferentfromthelightbulbs.Mostofthoseglassbulbsbelongtoatypecalledincandescentlights.Inside，electricityheatsametalcoiltoabout2,200degreesCelsius.Atthattemperature，bulbsgiveofflightwecansee.

　　Ninetypercentofenergyproducedbyincandescentlights，however，isheat-andinvisible.Withallthatwastedenergy，bulbsbumoutquickly.Theyarealsoeasilybroken.

LEDs，ontheotherhand，areliketinypiecesofrockmadeupofmoleculesthatarearrangedinacrystalstructure.WhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughanLED，thecrystalstructureproduceslight.Unlikeincandescentbulbs，theycanproducelightofvariouscolors.WithinanLED，thetypeofmoleculesandtheirparticulararrangementdetermineswhatcolorisproduced.

　　1.Tomakealiving，theHuicholcreateartworkand

　　A.sellittotouristsintheirvillages.

　　B.sellitincitiesfarawayfromtheirvillages.

　　C.displayitintheirvillagemuseum.

　　D.keepitintheirhomestoattracttourists.

　　2.WhyCanPortableLightsemitlight?

　　A.Electroniccrystalsarewovenintofabrics.

　　B.Itemssuchasclothesandbagsareusedtocarrylights.

　　C.Thesun’senergyiscollectedduringtheday.

　　D.Alloftheabove.

　　3.WhatdoesSheilaKennedysayaboutPortableLights?

　　A.ThisinventionCanchangethelivesofpeople，bothrichandpoor.

　　B.TheyarewidelyusedintheUnitedStates.

　　C.PortableLightscanhelppoorpeoplearoundtheworldtogetlight.

　　D.Theyareexpensivetomakebuteasytocarry.

　　4.WhatisthemostimportantpartofthePortableLighttechnology?

　　A.HBLEDs

　　B.GlassBulbs.

　　C.Incandescentlights.

　　D.Heatedmetalcoils.

　　5.LEDsaredifferentfromlightbulbsinthat

　　A.LEDsaleincandescentlightswhilelightbulbsarenot.

　　B.LEDshaveametalcoilwhilelightbulbshavenot.

　　C.LEDsemitcoloredlightwhilemostfightbulbsdon’t.

　　D.LEDsaremadeupoftinypiecesofrockwhilelightbulbsarenot.

　　第三十四篇

　　Whatdochickenpox,thecommoncold，theflu，andAIDShaveincommon?

They'

realldiseasecausedbyviruses，tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.It’snowonder1thatwhenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearof2virusesiswhat'

sonpeople'

sminds.

　　Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though3.InCambridge，Massachusetts4,scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputtingvirusestowork，teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworld’ssmallestrechargeablebatteries.

　　Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,butthey'

renotsostrangeforengineerAngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwith5theidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）inCambridge，sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnewways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries，thescientistscombinewhattheyknowaboutbiology，technologyandproductiontechniques.

　　Belcher’steamincludesPaulaHammond，whohelpsputtogetherthetinybatteries，andYet-MingChiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery."

We'

reworkingonthingswetraditionallydon’tassociatewithnature,"

saysHammond.

　　Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA，CandDbatteries6inyourhand.Thecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However，everyyear，newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.Asthesedevicesshrink，ordinarybakerieswon’tbesmallenoughtofitinside.

　　Theidealbatterywillstorealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow，Belcher’smodelbattery，ametallicdiskcompletelybuiltbyviruses，lookslikearegularwatchbattery.Butinside，itscomponentsareverysmall-sotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope.

Howsmallarethesebatteryparts?

Togetsomeideaofthesize，pluckonehairfromyourhead.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairis-prettythin，right?

Althoughthewidthofeachperson’shairisabitdifferent，youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts，sidetoside，acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses7.

　　1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，peopletryto

　　A.killmicroorganismsrelatedtochickenpox，theflu，etc.

　　B.keepthemselvesawayfromvirusesbecausetheyareinvisible.

　　C.stayawayfromvirusesbecausetheyarecausesofvariousdiseases.

　　D.curethemselvesofvirus-relateddiseasesbytakingmedicines.

　　2.WhatisBelcher’steamdoingatpresent?

　　A.Itisfindingwaystogetridofviruses..

　　B.Itismass-producingmicrobatteries.

　　C.Itismakingbatterieswit