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1、Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others第四十六篇（A级）：Marvelous Metamaterials第二篇In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil，scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014.This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some other predictions. Their s

2、tudy is in ACSEnergy&Fuels1.Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting peak oil. Peak oil is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines. Scientists have developed several models to forecast

3、 this point，and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model2.It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve3.A related concept is that4 of Peak Oil. The term Peak Oil indicates the moment in which world wide production

4、 will peak，afterwards to start on irreversible decline.The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970.The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to forecast oil production worldwide.However，recent studies show that the model is insu

5、fficient to account for5 more complex oil production cycles of some countries. Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes，politics，and other factors，the scientists say.The new study describes development of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realistic and accur

6、ate oil production forecast. Using the new model，the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries，which supply most of the worlds conventional crude oil6.They estimated that worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014，years earlier than anticip

7、ated. The scientists also showed that the worlds oil reserves7 are being reduced at a rate of 2.1 percent a year. The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate，they suggest.练习：1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word sparked appearing in paragrap

8、h 2 ?A.flashedB.stimulatedC.changedD.ended2.The term a bell shaped curve appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production willA.take the shape of a flat curve.B.keep growing.C.keep declining.D.start to decline after global oil production peaks.3.Which of the following is NOT true of the

9、 Hubbert model?A.It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U.S.in 1970.B.It has been used to predict oil production in many countries.C.It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries.D.It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4.What is the maj

10、or achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?A.It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.B.It predicts oil production will decline in 47 countries.C.It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert model.D.It discovers a new gend of worldwide oil production.5.Who dev

11、elop the new version of the Hubbert model ?A.American scientists.B.Kuwaiti scientists.C.British scientists.D.Scientists of 47 major oil-producing countries.第六篇In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico1，the native Huichol people2 live much the way their ancestors did-without electrici

12、ty. Thats because its too expensive to string power lines3 to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves，the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. And without electricity-at home or on the road，they can

13、only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark，they must stop whatever theyre doing.Now，a team of scientists，designers，and architects is using4 new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets The scientists technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics th

14、at can be made into clothes，bags，or other items.By collecting the suns energy during the day，these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics Portable Lights. Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity

15、around the world，says project leader Sheila Kennedy.“Our invention，”Kennedy says，“came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didnt have a lot of money.”At the core of5 Portable Light technology are devices call

16、ed high-brightness light-emitting diodes，or HB LEDs6.These tiny lights appear in digital clocks，televisions，and streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside，electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200

17、 degrees Celsius. At that temperature，bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights，however，is heat - and invisible. With all that wasted energy，bulbs bum out quickly. They are also easily broken.LEDs，on the other hand，are like tiny pieces of rock made up o

18、f molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED，the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs，they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED，the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determines what color is

19、 produced.1.To make a living，the Huichol create artwork andA.sell it to tourists in their villages.B.sell it in cities far away from their villages.C.display it in their village museum.D.keep it in their homes to attract tourists.2.Why Can Portable Lights emit light?A.Electronic crystals are woven i

20、nto fabrics.B.Items such as clothes and bags are used to carry lights.C.The suns energy is collected during the day.D.All of the above.3.What does Sheila Kennedy say about Portable Lights?A.This invention Can change the lives of people，both rich and poor.B.They are widely used in the United States.C

21、.Portable Lights can help poor people around the world to get light.D.They are expensive to make but easy to carry.4.What is the most important part of the Portable Light technology?A.HB LEDsB.Glass Bulbs.C.Incandescent lights.D.Heated metal coils.5.LEDs are different from light bulbs in thatA.LEDs

22、ale incandescent lights while light bulbs are not.B.LEDs have a metal coil while light bulbs have not.C.LEDs emit colored light while most fight bulbs dont.D.LEDs are made up of tiny pieces of rock while light bulbs are not.第三十四篇What do chicken pox, the common cold，the flu，and AIDS have in common? T

23、heyre all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. Its no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2 viruses is whats on peoples minds.Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though3.In Cambridge，Massachusett

24、s4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work，teaching them to build some of the worlds smallest rechargeable batteries.Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but theyre not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, wh

25、o first came up with5 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） in Cambridge，she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries，the scientists combine what they know about biology，technology and production tech

26、niques.Belchers team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries，and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. Were working on things we traditionally dont associate with nature, says Hammond.Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold

27、 A，C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However，every year，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink，ordinary bakeries wont be small enough to fit

28、inside.The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now，Belchers model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks like a regular watch battery. But inside，its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.How small are the

29、se battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your head. Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin，right? Although the width of each persons hair is a bit different，you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery part

30、s，side to side，across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7.1.According to the first paragraph，people try toA.kill microorganisms related to chicken pox，the flu，etc.B.keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.C.stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.D.cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines.2.What is Belchers team doing at present?A.It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.B.It is mass-producing microbatteries.C.It is making batteries wit