Medical English Writing for StudentsWord格式文档下载.docx

Medical English Writing for StudentsWord格式文档下载.docx

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a）Acontrolledstudyoftheonset,durationandprevalenceofpostnataldepression（产后抑郁症的发病、病程及其发病率的对照研究）

b）Studyof31patientswithidiopathicinterstitialpneumoniatreatedwithglucocorticosteroid

（糖皮质激素治疗特发性间质性肺炎31例临床分析）

c）Analysisof130consecutivecasesofoffpumpcoronaryarterybypass

（非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术130例分析）

2）Thespellingformsofcapitalletters

Therearetwoformsinthespellingofcapitallettersofthetitle.

A）Thereisnonecessitytowritethefirstletterofeverywordcapitally,suchasthetitlesgivenabove.

B）Thefirstletterofeverywordiswrittencapitally,exceptarticles,prepositionandconnections.Examples:

a）TimelyandAppropriatelyTreatmentofAcuteStroke

（急性中风的及时与正确处理）

b）Life-threateningInteractionofMibefradilandβ-BlockerswithDihydropyridinecalciumChannelBlockers.

（威胁生命的Mibefradil与β-阻滞剂以及二氢吡啶类钙道阻滞剂的相互作用）

c）SeparationandPurificationofTotalFlavonesfromFructusCrataegibyMacroreticularResin

（大孔吸附树脂分离纯化山楂总黄酮的研究）

3）Subtitle

Inordertoemphasizeacertainpartofthepaper,suchasthenumberofthecases,samples,andthemethodsandthesignificantoftheresearch,subtitleisoftenused.

e.g.a）Coronaryheartdiseaseriskfactorsandmenopause:

astudyin1684Frenchwomen

（突出样本:

1684例法国妇女冠心病危险因素与绝经期关系调查）

b）Growthhormone:

anewtherapyforheartfailure

（突出方法:

生长激素是否为心衰的一种新疗法）

c）Heartrateandbehavioroffurseals:

implicationsformeasurementoffieldenergetics

（海狗心率与行为相关性的现场能量学测定意义）

2.Abstract:

2-1HowtowritetheAbstract?

Followtheguidelinesbelowforwritingagoodabstract

·

Statethebackgroundinformationabouttheinvestigationbriefly.

Statetheprincipalobjective（s）andscopeoftheinvestigation.

Describethemethodsemployed.

Summarizetheresults.

Statetheprincipalconclusion（s）.

Writeitclearlyandconcisely.

Avoidabbreviationsoracronyms,unlessabsolutelynecessary.

Makeitself-contained,e.g.donotcontainanyreferencestotheliteratureortofiguresandtablesinthebodyofthepaper.

1）“Traditional”Abstract

background（optional）

objective

methods

results

conclusions

Seeexamplesof“Traditional”Abstractfrom:

*NatureMedicineVolume5July1999

Tumorantigen-specificT-celltolerancelimitstheefficacyofthetherapeuticcancervaccines.AntigenpresentingcellsmediatetheinductionofT-celltolerancetoself-antigens.WethereforeassessedthefateoftumorspecificCD4Tcellsintumor-bearingrecipientsafterinvivoactivationofantigen-presentingcellswithantibodiesagainstCD40.Suchtreatmentnotonlypreservedtheresponsivenessofthispopulation,butresultedintheirendogenousactivation.EstablishedtumorsregressedinvaccinatedmicetreatedwithantibodyagainstCD40atatimewhennoresponsewasachievedwithvaccinationalone.Theseresultsindicatethatmodulationofantigen-presentingcellsmaybeausefulstrategyforenhancingresponsivenesstoimmunization.

*TransplantInternational

AbstractTheaimofthisstudywastoidentifyanddescribeattitudestowardsorgandonationandtransplantationamongagroupofBalticphysicianswhoareinvolvedinthisaspectofmedicalcare.Atotalof151neurosurgeons,anesthesiologists,andneurologistsanonymouslyansweredaquestionnairebetweenFebruaryandMarch1995.Themajorityofphysicianssaidtheywouldbewillingtodonatetheirownorgansaftertheirdeathbutdisagreedwiththeideaofusingorgansfromadeadpersonwhohadhadanegativeopiniontowardsorgandonation.Givenapatientwhofulfilledthecriteriaforbraindeath,thisgroupofphysiciansfounditwidelyacceptabletokeepthepatientonaventilatoruntilorgandonationcouldtakeplace.Weconcludethattheparticipatingphysiciansgenerallyhavesimilarattitudestowardsorgandonationandtransplantation.Thisstudyisvaluableinthatitshowstheinterestin,andtheneedfor,clinicalandresearchcollaboration,includingadiscussionofethics,withintheareaoforgandonationandtransplantation.ThisisessentialforfuturecollaborationwithWesterncountries.

KeyWords:

Attitudes,organdonationOrgandonation,attitudes

Organdonation,Balticstates

EXAMPLES:

1）重症肌无力病人胸腺超微结构研究

摘要通过10例临床诊断重症肌无力病人胸腺超微结构研究并与3例正常胸腺对比结果表明：

病人胸腺实质有粒细胞、巨嗜细胞、浆细胞的浸润，上皮网状细胞明显肥大和淋巴生发中心形成。

正常胸腺实质（特别是髓质）无淋巴母细胞、淋巴生发中心及很少浆细胞。

从病理超微结构水平上证实重症肌无力与体液免疫密切相关。

确定肌样细胞和上皮网状细胞分泌颗粒的意义是比较困难的。

关键词：

重症肌无力胸腺免疫系统显微镜检查，电子

UltrastructuralStudyoftheThymusinPatientswithMyastheniaGravis

AbstractTheultrastructureofthethymusglandfromtenpatientswithmyastheniagraviswasstudiedandcomparedwiththatfromthreenormalsubjects.Thymicsubstanceinmyastheniagravisshowedinflammatoryreactioncharacterizedbypresenceofneutrophilsandmacrophages,plasmacellinfiltration,epithelialreticularcellhyperplasia,andnewgerminalcenterformation.Incontrast,lymphoblastsandplasmacellswerenotpresentandtherewasnonewgerminalcenterformationinthethymusofnormalsubjects.Itissuggestedthathumoralimmunityplaysanimportantroleinthepathogenesisofmyastheniagravis.Thefunctionofthemyoidcellsandthesignificanceofthesecretarygranulesinepithelialcellscouldonlybedefinedbyultrastructuralstudy.

KeyWordsMyastheniagravisThymusglandImmunesystemMicroscopy,electron

2）StructuredAbstracts

In1993HardwardR.S.A.etal.putforwardsummarizedstandardintheclinicalpractice（临床实践综述准则）whichiscalledMIAs（MoreInformativeAbstracts强化信息型文摘）.After1996,CochraneCollaborationpublishedCochraneLibrary&

ClinicalEvidence,inwhichspecificandextensiveclinicalabstractswerestated.

Example1:

Title:

Percutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplastyversusmedicaltreatmentfornon-acutecoronaryheartdisease:

meta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials

Objective:

TodeterminewhetherPercutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplastyissuperiortomedicaltreatmentinnon-acutecoronaryheartdisease.

Design:

Meta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrials.

Setting:

randomizedcontrolledtrialsconductedworldwideandpublishedbetween1979and1998.

Participants:

953patientstreatedwithangioplastyand951withmedicaltreatmentformsixrandomizedcontrolledtrials,threeofwhichincludedpatientswithmultivesseldiseaseandpre-existingmyocardialinfarction.

MainOutcomeandMeasures:

Angina,fatalandnon-fatalmyocardialinfarction,death,repeatedangioplasty,andcoronaryarterybypassgrafting.

Results:

Inpatientstreatedwithangioplastycomparedwithmedicaltreatmenttheriskratioswere0.70（95%confidenceinterval0.50to0.98;

heterogeneityP<

0.001）forangina;

1.42（0.90to2.25）forfatalandnon-fatalmyocardialinfarction,1.32（0.65to2.70）fordeath,1.59（1.09to2.32）forcoronarybypassgraft,and1.20（0.71to3.36）;

0.001）forrepeatedangioplasty.Differencesinthemethodologicalqualityofthetrials,infollowup,orinsingleversusmultivesseldiseasedidnotexplainthevariabilityinstudyresultsinanyanalysis.

Conclusion:

Percutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplastymayleadtoagreaterreductioninanginainpatientswithcoronaryheartdiseasethanmedicaltreatmentbutatthecostofmorecoronaryarterybypassgrafting.Trialshavenotincludedenoughpatientsforinformativeestimatesoftheeffectofangioplastyonmyocardialinfarction,death,orsubsequentrevascularization,thoughtrendssofardonotfavorangioplasty.

（译文）

标题:

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术与内科治疗非急性冠状动脉疾病:

随机临床试验荟萃分析

目标:

为了评估经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗非急性冠状动脉疾病是否优于内科治疗

设计:

环境:

于1979年~1998年全球范围进行并发表的随机对照临床试验

受试者:

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗者953名,而经内科治疗者951名。

受试者来自6个随机对照临床试验，其中3个包括多血管病变者与有心肌梗死病史者。

主要结局测定：

心绞痛、致死性与非致死性心肌梗死、死亡、反复血管成形术，以及冠状动脉旁路移植手术

结果：

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术与内科治疗相比，对于心绞痛其危险度为0.70（95%可信区间为0.50--0.98;

异质性P<

0.001）;

对于致死性与非致死性心肌梗死其危险度为1.42（0.90—2.25）;

对于死亡的危险度为1.32（0.65—2.70）;

对于冠状动脉旁路移植手术的危险度为1.59（1.09—2.32）;

对于反复血管成形术的危险度为1.29（0.71—3.36;

移植形、异质性P<

0.001）

结论:

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术可明显减少冠心病患者的心绞痛,但其代价是实行更多的冠状动脉旁路移植手术。

上述临床试验尚无具备足够样本信息，以评估经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对于心肌梗死、死亡或随后再血管化的影响。

Example2（Chinese）

综合比较分析钛钉与多聚乳酸内固定技术治疗下颌骨骨折

背景:

目前国内外已认可的内固定技术应用钛钉以及国外最新型可解性材料治疗下颌骨骨折。

目标：

本研究旨在引进国外最新的多聚乳酸盐板治疗下颌骨骨折，并使用数字微机综合评估治疗结果。

设计：

本研究是为期3年的随机双盲对照临床试验。

环境：

在普陀区中心医院与上海市第九人民医院口腔科联合进行。

受试者：

1996—1998年确诊的46名下颌骨骨折连续住院患者（38位，8位女性，平均年龄39岁），随机分两组。

主要测定与干预：

两组各以钛钉（TTS组）与多聚乳酸盐板（PLP组）作颌骨内固定治疗。

治疗后分别于15，30，60，90天测定X线骨密度、骨合成、骨细胞学、生物力学以及语言学测定，测定结果经微