翻译二级笔译实务.docx

翻译二级笔译实务.docx

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翻译二级笔译实务

2003年12月英语二级《笔译实务》试题

Section1:

English-ChineseTranslation（英译汉）

Thissectionconsistsoftwoparts,PartA-"CompulsoryTranslation"andPartB-"ChoiceofTwoTranslations"consistingoftwosections"Topic1"and"Topic2".ForthepassageinPartAandyourchoiceofpassagesinPartB,translatetheunderlinedportions,includingtitles,intoChinese.AboveyourtranslationofPartA,write"CompulsoryTranslation"andaboveyourtranslationfromPartB,write"Topic1"or"Topic2"（60points,100minutes）.

PartACompulsoryTranslation（必译题）（30points）

NowheretoGo

ForthelatestonthepursuitoftheAmericanDreaminSiliconValley,allyouhavetodoistotalktosomeonelike"Nagaraj"（whodidn'twanttorevealhisrealname）.He'sanIndianimmigrantwho,likemanyotherIndianengineers,cametoAmericarecentlyonanH-1Bvisa,whichallowsskilledworkerstobeemployedbyonecompanyforasmanyassixyears.Butonemorninglastmonth,NagarajandahalfdozenotherIndianworkerswithH-1BswerecalledintoaconferenceroomintheirSanFranciscotechnology-consultingfirmandtoldtheywerebeinglaidoff.Thereason:

weakeningeconomicconditionsinSiliconValley,"Itwastheshockofmylifetime,"saysNagaraj.

Thisisnotanormalbear-marketsobstory.Accordingtofederalregulations,Nagarajandhiscolleagueshavetwochoices.TheymusteitherreturntoIndia,orfindanotherjobinatightlabormarketandhopethattheImmigrationandNaturalizationServices（INS）allowsthemtotransfertheirvisatothenewcompany.Andthelawdoesn'tallowthemtoearnapay-checkuntilallthepaperworkwindsitswaythroughtheINSbureaucracy."HowamIgoingtosurvivewithoutanyjobandwithoutanyincome?

"Nagarajwonders.

Untilrecently,H-1BvisaswerechampionedbySiliconValleycompaniesasthesolutiontotheregion'sshortageofprogrammersandengineers.FirstissuedbytheINSin1992,theyattractskilledworkersfromothercountries,manyofwhombringfamilieswiththem,laydownrootsandapplyforthemorepermanentgreencards.ThroughFebruary2000,morethan81,000workersheldsuchvisas—butwiththedot-comcrash,manyhavebeengettinglaidoff.That'scausingmassconsternationinU.S.immigrantcommunities.TheINSconsidersaworker"outofstatus"whenhelosesajob,whichtechnicallymeansthathemustpackupandgohome.Butbecauseofthescopeofthisyear'slayoffs,theU.S.governmenthasrecentlybackpedaled,issuingaconfusingseriesofstatementsthatsuggestworkersmightbeabletostayiftheyqualifyforsomeexceptionsandcanfindanewcompanytosponsortheirvisa.Buteventhoseloopholesremainnebulous.TheresultisthousandsofimmigrantsnowfacedimmingcareerprospectsinAmerica,andthepossibilitiesthattheywillbesenthome."Theyareinlimbo.Itisthegreatestformoftorture,"saysAmarVedaoftheSiliconValley-basedImmigrantsSupportNetwork.

ThecrisislooksespeciallybadinlightofalltheheatedvisarhetoricbySiliconValleycompaniesinthepastfewyears.LastfalltheindustrywonabigvictorybygettingCongresstoapproveanincreaseintheannualnumberofH-1Bvisas.Now,withtechnologyfinnsretrenching,demandforsuchworkersisslowing.ValleyheavyweightslikeIntel,CiscoandHewlett-Packardhaveallannouncedthousandsoflayoffsthisyear,whichincludemanyH-1Bworkers.TheINSreportedlastmonththatonly16,000newH-1BworkerscametotheUnitedStatesinFebruary—downfrom32,000inFebruaryoflastyear.

Lastmonth,acknowledgingthescopeoftheproblem,theINStoldH-1Bholders"nottopanic,"andthattherewouldbeagraceperiodforlaid-offworkersbeforetheyhadtoleavetheUnitedStates.INSspokeswomanEyleenSchmidtpromisesthatmorespecificguidancewillcomethismonth."Weareawareofthecutbacks,"shesays."We'retryingtobeasgenerousaswecanbewithintheconfinesoftheexistinglaw."

PartBChoiceofTwoTranslations（二选一题）（30points）

Topic1（选题一）

WhatIstheForceofGravity?

Ifyouthrowaballup,itwillcomedownagain.Whatmakesitcomedown?

TheballcomesdownbecauseitispulledorattractedtowardstheEarth.TheEarthexertsaforceofattractiononallobjects.ObjectsthatarenearertotheEarthareattractedtoitwithagreaterforcethanthosethatarefurtheraway.Thisforceofattractionisknownastheforceofgravity.ThegravitationalforceactingonanobjectattheEarth'ssurfaceiscalledtheweightoftheobject.

Alltheheavenlybodiesinspacelikethemoon,theplanetsandthestarsalsoexertanattractiveforceonobjects.Thebiggerandheavierabodyis,thegreaterisitsforceofgravity.Thus,sincethemoonisasmallerbodythantheEarth,theforceitexertsonanobjectatitssurfaceislessthanthatexertedbytheEarthonthesameobjectontheEarth'ssurface.Infact,themoon'sgravitationalforceisonlyone-sixththatoftheEarth.Thismeansthatanobjectweighing120kilogramsonEarthwillonlyweigh20kilogramsonthemoon.ThereforeonthemoonyoucouldliftweightswhicharesixtimesheavierthantheheaviestweightthatyoucanliftonEarth.

TheEarth'sgravitationalforceorpullkeepsusandeverythingelseonEarthfromfloatingawaytospace.TogetoutintospaceandtraveltothemoonorotherplanetswehavetoovercometheEarth'sgravitationalpull.

EntryintoSpace

HowcanweovercometheEarth'sgravitationalpull?

Scientistshavebeenworkingonthisforalongtime.ItisonlyrecentlythattheyhavebeenabletobuildmachinespowerfulenoughtogetoutoftheEarth'sgravitationalpull.Suchmachinesarecalledspacerockets.TheirgreatspeedandpowerhelpthemtoescapefromtheEarth'sgravitationalpullandgointospace.

Rockets

Thepowerfulspacerocketworksalongthesamelinesasasimplefireworkrocket.Thefireworkrockethasacylindricalbodyandaconicalhead.Thebodyispackedwithgunpowderwhichisthefuel.Itisamixtureofchemicalsthatwillbumrapidlytoformhotgases.

Atthebaseorfootoftherocketthereisanopeningornozzle.Afusehangsoutlikeatailfromthenozzle.Alongstickattachedalongthebodyservestodirecttherocketbeforethefuseislighted.

Whenthegunpowderbums,hotgasesorexhaustgasesrushoutofthenozzle.Thehotgasescontinuetorushoutaslongasthegunpowderbums.Whenthesegasesshootdownwardsthroughthenozzletherocketispushedupwards.Thisiscalledjetpropulsion.Thesimpleexperiment,showninthepicture,willhelpyoutounderstandjetpropulsion.

Topic2（选题二）

BasketballDiplomacy

CHINA'STALLESTSOLDIERneverreallyexpectedtolivetheAmericanDream.ButWangZhizhi,a7-foot-1basketballstarfromthePeople'sLiberationArmy,ismakinghistoryasthefirstChineseplayerintheNBA.InhisfirstthreeweeksinAmericathe23-year-oldrookiehasalreadycashedhisfirstbigNBAcheck,presidedover"WangZhizhiDay"inSanFranciscoandbecomeimmortalizedonhisveryowntradingcards.He'sevenplayedinfivegameswithhisnewteam,theDallasMavericks,scoring24pointsinjust38minutes.NowtheaffableLieutenantWangisjoiningtheMavericksontheirrideintotheNBAplayoffs—andheisintentonenjoyingeveryminute.OnerecenteveningWangslippedintothehottubbehindthehouseofMavericksassistantcoachDonnNelson.Heleanedback,stretchedoutandpointedataplanemovingacrossthestar-filledsky.InbrokenEnglish,hestartedsinginghisfavoritetune:

"IbelieveIcanfly.IbelieveIcantouchthesky."

BackinChina,thenation'sotherbasketballphenom,YaoMing,canonlydreamoftakingflight.YaothoughthewasgoingtobethefirstChineseplayerintheNBA.The7-foot-5ShanghaisensationismorehighlytoutedthanWang:

the20-year-oldcouldbetheNo.1overallpickintheJuneNBAdraft.ButastheMay13deadlinetoenterthedraftdrawsnear,Yaoisstillwaitingforahordeofbusinesspeopleandapparatchikstodecidehisfate.Lastweek,asWangscored13pointsintheDallasseasonfinale,YaowaswadingthroughastreamofbicyclesonadustyBeijingstreet.

YaoandWangaremorethanjustfreaksofnatureinbasketballshorts.Thetwintowersarenationaltreasures,symbolsofChina'sgrowingstatureintheworld.They'realsoemblematicoftheNBA'soutsizedreamsforconqueringChina.TheNBA,strugglingathome,seessalvationinthelandof1.3billionpotentialhoopfans.China,determinedtowinthe2008OlympicsandjointheWorldTradeOrganization,iseagertomakeitsmarkontheworld—onitsownterms.Thetwo-yearstruggletogettheseyoungplayersintotheNBAhasbeenaculturalcollision—thisonefarremovedfromU.S.-Chinabickeringoverspyplanesandtradeliberalization.Ifitworksout,itcouldbe—inbasketballparlance—theultimategive-and-go."ThisisjustlikePing-Pongdiplomacy,"saysXiaSong,asport-marketingexecutivewhorepresentsWang."Onlywithamuchbiggerhall."

Twoyearsagoitlookedmorelikeaballandchain.Wang'sArmybossesweremiffedwhentheMaverickshadthenervetodrafttheirstarbackin1999.NelsonremembersflyingtoBeijingwiththethenownerRossPerotJr.—sonoftheeccentricbillionaire—tohammeroutadealwiththestone-facedcommunistsofthePLA."Youcouldhearthemthinking:

'WhatisthisNBAteamdoing,tryingtolayclaimtoourproperty?

'"Nelsonrecalls."WetriedtoexplainthatthiswasanhonorforWangandforChina."Therewasnodeal.Wanggrewdespondentandlosthisedgeoncourt.

ThisyearYaobecametheanointedone.HeeclipsedWanginscoringandrebounding,andevenstoleawayhiscovetedMVPawardintheChineseBasketballAssociationleague.ItlookedasifhisShanghaiteam—adynamicsemicapitalistc