misunderstandingWord下载.docx

misunderstandingWord下载.docx

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Cultureisaverybroadtermusedtodescribethearts,thebeliefs,thevalues,thetraditions,thecustoms,andtheinstitutionsthatareconsideredtobecharacteristicofacommunity,apeople,aregion,oranation.Culturealsoincludesthelanguagesanddialectsthatpeopleusetoexpresstheirfeelingsandtocommunicatewitheachother.Itisoftendifficulttoseparatelanguageandculturesince,inmostcases,languageisthemainmediumthroughwhichcultureistransmitted.Mostpeoplefeelthatitisimpossibletoreallyknowaculturewithoutspeakingthelanguage.InsomeimmigrantpopulationsinNorthAmerica,however,theoriginallanguage（French,German,Chinese,Polish,etc.）hasbeenlostbutcustomsandtraditionsarestillmaintained.

Althoughmanyculturesintheworldhaveremainedisolatedforcenturies,commerceandtradehaveoftenbeenthesourceofallsortsofculturalexchanges,rangingfromfoodstotools.ChinesefinechinaandotherinventionsreachedEuropethankstothesilkroute,forexample.However,culturalexchangeshavenotalwaysbeenfairorbalanced.ThenativepopulationofNorthandSouthAmericawerekilledordestroyed（alargepartof）bydiseaseandalcoholbroughtbytheEuropeans.Throughouthistory,warsandpoliticaldecisionshavedestroyedculturesandforcedpeopletoadoptthelanguageandthecustomsofthedominantcivilization.

Itisoftenassumedthatifacultureistechnologicallyadvanced,itmustbesuperiororthatifacultureisyoungitmustbeinferior.Everyonetendstomakevaluejudgmentsaboutothercultures.Findingfaultwithormakingfunofothercustomsandbeliefsisoftenmerelyawayofbolstering（supportingatheorycauseetc.）ourcomplacency（feelingofpersonalcontent,satisfaction）ourpride.Itiscertainlymucheasiertolearnaboutotherculturesifoneapproachesthemwithanopenmindandifonerespectsdifferencesratherthancriticizingthem.Oftensomethingthatappearsstrangeorunusualinotherculturesisinfactverylogicalandpartofadeeplyrootedtradition.Whatmightseemrudeinoneculturemightseemperfectlynormalandacceptableinanotherculture.Toleranceandcuriosityarekeyfactorsinallcross-culturallearningexperiences.

Althoughmoderntransportationandcommunicationshavereducedthewordtoa“globalvillage”,therearestillmanyfascinatingculturaldifferencestoexplore.Discoveringhowpeoplefromotherregionsorothercountriesseetheworldcanbeanenrichingexperience.Tasting（taste）newfoods,listeningtodifferentmusic,andstudyingthearchitectureortheliteratureofotherculturescanopenupnewperspectivesonlife.

II.Preparation

1．Clearingupamisunderstanding

Thereasonisthatthethumb-and-forefinger-in-a-circle（theokaygesture）,afriendlyoneinAmerica,hasaninsultingmeaninginFranceandBelgium:

“Youareworthzero.,”whileinGreeceandTurkeyitisaninsultingorvulgar（rude/showingbadbanners）sexualinvitation.

2．Bridgingagap

Atfirsthedidn’tunderstandthequestion“Howdoyoufindithere?

”Itwasinappropriateforhimtoanswertheabove-mentionedquestionbysaying:

“Well,Idon’tknow,”Itwasbettertosaysomethingabouthisimpressionsofthecountry.Anditwouldhelptokeeptheconversationgoing.“Howmuchdoyouknow?

”wasadifficultquestionforGeritoanswer.“Alot”or“Alittle”’thetowpossiblereplies,infact,wouldnotbesatisfactorytoLiuZongren.Hesaidhislastnamewhenhemeanthisfirstname.Itwasridiculousforhimtosay“Thankyou”attheendoftheconversationbecausethereseemedtobenothingforhimtothankthemfor.

Notes:

1）bowinglikeaJapanese:

TheJapanesearenotedfortheircourtesy（politebehavior）.Theybowallthetimeandrepeatedly.Japanesewhogreetpeoplefromthewestoftentrytodotwothingsatonce.Theytrytofollowlocalcustoms.Theyalsotrytoshakehandsatthesametime---followingwesterntraditions.Buttheymixboth.Astheyshakehands,theyalsomovetheirbodyupanddownasiftheyarebowing.Itlooksliketheyaretryingtopumpwaterfromanoldpumpatawell.

2）ritualandagreatdealofone-upmanship:

Here“ritual”referstothethingspeopleunanimously（unanimous:

in/showingcompleteagreement）doorsaywhenparting.“One-upmanship”meansonetriestobemorepolitethantheother.Ifonesaysone“Goodbye”,theotherwillsayittwoorthreetimes.

3）Thatsame“slow”isusedinanotherpoliteexpressionusedbythehostattheendofaparticularlargeanddeliciousmealtoassurehisguestswhatapoorandinadequatehosthehasbeen.（这里“slow”被用在“怠慢”这个词组里）

III.In-ClassReadingActivities

BridgingCulturalGapsGracefully

1.toslipinto:

passgraduallyintoastateorsituation,inawaythatishardlynoticed.

vItamazedhimhoweasilyonecouldslipintoaroutine.

vHeslippedintotheroomwhennoonewaslooking.

vTheboyslippedintobedandwentrighttosleep.

toslipone’smemory/mind:

tobeforgotten

vThesepointshadentirelyslippedmymemory.Hisnameslippedmymind

2….withoutallyourforeignnessexposed（without+N+P.P）

e.g.withoutallyourweaknessexposed

withoutallthemaildelivered

withoutalltheproductsdelivered

withoutalltheapplespicked

withoutallhersensitivityrevealed

3.tostartout:

begin

e.g.HehasstartedouttostudyFrench.Hestaredouttowritehisreport.

Weallstartoutinlifeashelplessinfants.

tostartout:

leave;

setout

Westaredoutfromhomeinthemorning.

Billstartedoutforschoolonhisbicycle.

4.whenitcametoseeing…:

Whentalkingaboutseeing;

Whenitwasacaseorquestionofseeing…

vWhenitcomestorelationships,everyonemakesmistakes.

vWhenitcomestohardwork,youcanrelyonhim.

vWhenitcomestomathematics,Iamcompletelyatsea.

vTheschoolhasverygoodteachers,butwhencomestobuildings,theschoolisverypoor.

5.toseesboff:

togotoanairport,stationetc.withsbwhoisleaving

vtoseehisfriendsoffatthebusstop

vAreyoucomingtoseeusoffatthestation?

vThismorninghehadnotevencometoseethemoff.

toseeaboutsth:

todealwith

vThefirstthingwemustdowhenwearriveinLondonistoseeaboutahotel.

toseethroughsb/sth:

notbedeceivedby

vHecannotfoolme;

Icanseethroughhimeverytime.

vIsawthroughhistrick.

toseesththrough:

continueituntiltheend

vWhateverhappens,we’llseethestrugglethrough

toseetosth:

attendtoit

vTherewasmuchtoseeto.

vWhoisseeingtothearrangementsforthemeeting?

6.Anabruptgoodbyewouldnotdo.

todo:

beacceptable（行，合适，可以，凑合）

vWillitdoifweletyouhaveananswerbyFriday?

vItwilldoifyouletmeknowinanhourorso.

vThatisnotquitewhatIwanted,butIthinkitwilldo.

7.tosmoothover:

tomake（difficulties）seemsmallorunimportant使…缓解，使…平息下来

vItwillbedifficultforyoutosmoothoveryourdifferencesaftersomanyyears.

经过这么多年，你想消除你们之间的分歧谈何容易。

vTheteachersmoothedoverthequarrelbetweenthetwoboys.

vBilltriedtosmoothoverhisargumentwithMarymakingherlaugh.

8.topickup:

get,gain（非正规地）学会，学到

vHepickedupFrenchwhilehewasstayinginParis.

vYoungchildrensoonpickupwordstheyheartheireldersuse.

vStatisticsisn’tasubjectthatcanbepickedupinamonth.

topickup:

takeholdofandlift

vHepickedupthebookandgaveittoher.

gathertogether;

collect

vPickupyourroombeforemotherseesit.

togivesbalift

vPickmeupatthehotel.

Atthenextcornerthebusstoppedandpickedup3people.

9.tosendsboff:

tosaygood-byetosb;

toseesboff

vTherewasalargecrowdtosendhimoff.

vAllthestudentswanttosendtheteacheroff.

tosendsthoff:

topost/mail（aletter,parcel,message…）

vIwouldliketosendofftheparcelbyearlypost.

vWhyhaven’tyougotmyletter?

Isentitofflastweek.

tosendsboff:

（esp.infootball）tocauseaplayertoleavethefieldbecauseofaseriousbreakingoftherules

vThejudgesentLiJingyuoff

10.toinvolve:

cause…totakepartin

vThisprobleminvolvesusall.

Don’tinvolveyouinthequarrel.

vThat’snoconcernofme.I’mnotinvolved.

toinvolve:

haveasanecessaryresult

vToacceptthisworkinvolveslivinginLondon.

vHouseworkinvolvescooking,washingdishes,sweepingandcleaning.

vTheplaninvolvestheco-operationofbothyoungandold.

11.toassure（sbthat）…tocausesbtobesure向谁保证，肯定地说

vIassureyouthatyouarewrong.

vIassureyouthatthemedicinecannotharmyou.

vNothingcanassurepermanenthappiness.

toassuresbof…向。

。

保证一定，肯定地向…说

vIcanassureyouofmyfullsupportforyourplan.

vHeassuresusofhisabilitytowork.

toensure:

tomakesure保证，使一定得到