Unit 3 Preserving Our PlanetWord文档下载推荐.docx

Unit 3 Preserving Our PlanetWord文档下载推荐.docx

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Architect,Urbanplanner,Cityplanner

Interiordesigner,RoomAcoustics,Historian

Consultant,geographer,landscapedesigner

Office,SchoolofArchitecture

Professional

Currently,anestimated50,000speciesbecomeextincteveryyear.Ifthiscarrieson/continues/goeson,theimpactonalllivingcreaturesislikelytobeprofound,saysDrNickMiddleton,ageographeratOxfordUniversity."

Allspeciesdependinsomewayoneachothertosurvive.Andthedangeristhat,ifyouremoveonespeciesfromthisverycomplexwebofinterrelationships,youhaveverylittle/noideaabouttheknock-oneffectsontheecosystem.So,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholefloodofotherextinctions."

Complicatingmattersisthefactthattherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblem.Unlikeglobalwarmingandozonedepletion－which,ifthepoliticalwillwasthere,couldbereducedbycuttinggasemissions－preservingbio-diversityremainsanintractableproblem.

Thelatestideais"

sustainablemanagement"

.Thismeanshumansshouldbeabletouseanyspeciesofanimalorplantfortheirbenefit,providedenoughindividualsofthatspeciesareleftalivetoensureitscontinuedexistence.

Encourageenforceenableempowerenlargeenrich

Enjoyensure

economics–ethics––physics

species

prefer–preference

infer–inference

refer–reference

global–regional–local

inhabitant–immigrant-accountant

Sustainablemanagementisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromextinction.Insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstillegalhunting,itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.InZimbabwe,forinstance,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsforsport.Thismoneyisthengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,localswillbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofhuntingthemillegally－orallowingotherstodoso－becauseoftheeconomicbenefitinvolved.

Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.

Withcorruptionpopularinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversaresuspiciousthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Otherswonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbeatstoppingillegalhunters.

Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingareasofmilesofgreatbio-diversitysuchastheworld'

stropicalforests.Intheory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswithelephants－allowloggingcompaniestocutdownacertainnumberoftrees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.

allow---permit

1）Youareallowedtogotoapartyanytimeifyouwant.

2）Makesureyougetpermissionforhowlongyoumaystaythere.

rejectone’sinvitation

Herefusestoanswermyquestion

twiceasmuchas=double

triple

Fourtimesasmuchas…

Twoforone.

Takeone,5%off;

Taketwo,50%off;

TakethethirdpairforFREE.

Freeofcharge

Discount

Commission

Incontrol

Undercontrol

Outofcontrol

Dominate

Sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecutdown,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Becausealmostalltropicalforestsarelocatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedincomefromlogging,therearefewregulations=ruleandincentives=motivationtodothis.Infact,forloggers,themostsensibleeconomicapproachistocutdownasmanytreesasquicklyaspossible.

Thepriceofhouseisrisingrapidly/greatly/significantly/dramatically

Soar–risedropfluctuateremainstable

Highprice/lowprice=

cheapexpensive

Necessityluxury

Necessaryluxurious

Withtheimprovementofourstandardofliving,whatareconsideredluxuries,suchascars,andboats,aremorenecessitiesforagrowingnumberofpeople.

Localprice/reasonableprice/

drop/reduce/control/

fluctuate

soar=rising

ThereareanumberofreasonsforthereductionofforestsinAfrica.

Onereasonisthestablepriceofmostcommercialtreespeciesintropicalforests.Typically,theyriseinvalueannuallyby,atmost,fourtofivepercent.Contrastthiswithinterestratesinmostdevelopingcountries,whereinvestorscantypicallyexpectreturnsof15percentormore.Clearly,itmakesnoeconomicsensetodelayharvests.

return

award--bonus,packagetour,

rewarding=makesense/

clarifyverifysatisfy

Onesolutionmightbetoverifywoodwhichcomesfrom

sustainablymanagedforests.Intheory,consumerswouldbuyonlythiswoodandso

force/push/order/ask/assign/appoint/

willingto/volunteer/offertodosth

Hehasservedinthesocialwelfareasa_____,andheofferstodoallthathecando,someofwhicharewhatheisnotwillingtodo.

makehugeprofit/profitable/non-profitable

loggingcompaniestogo"

green"

orgooutofbusiness.Unfortunately,unrestrictedloggingissomuchmoreprofitablethatwoodfrommanagedforestswouldcostuptofivetimesmore－anincreasethatconsumers,nomatterhow"

areunlikelytopay.

Forthesereasons,sustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsisunlikelytobecomewidespreadinthenearfuture.Thisisdishearteningnews.It'

sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.Inonestudyofafive-square-kilometreareaofrainforestinPeru,forinstance,scientistscounted1,300speciesofbutterflyand600speciesofbird.IntheentirecontinentalUnitedStates,only400speciesofbutterflyand700speciesofbirdhavebeenrecorded.

entire/thewholeworld/total

ScientistProfessorNormanMyersseesthesituationasatremendous"

experimentwe'

reconductingwithourplanet"

."

Wedon'

tknowwhattheoutcomewillbe.Ifwemakeamessofit,wecan'

tmovetoanotherplanet...It'

sacaseofoneplanet,oneexperiment."

Outworkoverweighoutstandingovercomemakeuptalkshowchairmanchairperson

Heorshe==They

NEWWORDS

preservev.keepsafefromharmordanger保护

despiteprep.inspiteof尽管

decaden.aperiodof10years十年

ozonen.[U]formofoxygenwithasharpandrefreshingsmell;

（popularuse）purerefreshingairasattheseaside臭氧；

（通

俗用法）新鲜空气

depletionn.usingup,littleremaining用尽

devastatinga.ruinous破坏性极大的，毁灭性的

speciesn.（pl.unchanged复数不变）divisionofagenus（生物之）种

extincta.nolongerinexistence绝种的extinctionn.

profounda.deep;

needingmuchthoughtorstudytounderstand深刻的；

深奥的

survivev.continuetolive继续存在survivaln.

ecosystemn.生态系统

emissionn.sendingoutorgivingoff（oflight,heat,smell,etc.）发出，排放

intractablea.hardtomanage难处理的，难对付的

sustainablea.abletokeepupormaintain能维持的；

可持续的

effectivea.abletobringabouttheresultintended有效的；

奏效的ineffectivea.

inhabitantn.personlivinginaplace居民

involvevt.haveasanecessaryconsequence牵涉；

包含

corruptionn.腐败

sensiblea.reasonable;

practical明智的；

切实的

suspiciousa.inclinednottobelieve怀疑的；

多疑的

tropicala.热带的

loggingn.workofcuttingdownforesttreesfortimber伐木工作；

伐木业

investmentn.投资；

投资额

desperatelyad.绝望地；

不顾一切地

incentiven.somethingthatincitesorhasatendencytoinciteto

determinationoraction刺激；

动机；

鼓励

annuallyad.everyyear每年

verifyvt.testthetruthoraccuracyof鉴定；

查对

dishearteninga.causingtolosecourageorconfidence使沮丧的；

使气馁的

tremendousa.verygreat;

enormous极大的，巨大的；

messn.stateofconfusion;

ordisorder混乱；

杂乱

PHRASES

dodamageto:

todoharmto使……受到损害

beresponsiblefor:

对……有责任的，对……应负责任的

beindoubt:

tobeuncertain怀疑的；

未确定的

have…impacton:

对……产生影响；

对……产生效果

dependon:

relyon依赖，依靠

protect...from:

keepsafe...from防卫，保护

intheory:

理论上

aswellas:

inadditionto除……以外；

并；

也

atmost:

notmorethan至多

outofbusiness:

停业的（地）；

破产的（地）

upto:

asfaras直到

makeamessof:

putintodisorderorconfusion使……成一团糟，弄乱；

破坏

NOTES

globalwarming:

指全球气温上升。

ozonedepletion:

臭氧大大减少。

臭氧是一种氧气，它停留在大气层外围边缘，

从而能防止来自太阳的不良射线到达地球表面。

knock-oneffects:

连锁作用

bio-diversity:

由biology和diversity两个词构成，意指所有的生物。

Zimbabwe:

津巴布维，非洲东南部国家。

Peru:

秘鲁，位于南美洲西部的国家。