Unit 3 Preserving Our PlanetWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Architect,Urbanplanner,Cityplanner
Interiordesigner,RoomAcoustics,Historian
Consultant,geographer,landscapedesigner
Office,SchoolofArchitecture
Professional
Currently,anestimated50,000speciesbecomeextincteveryyear.Ifthiscarrieson/continues/goeson,theimpactonalllivingcreaturesislikelytobeprofound,saysDrNickMiddleton,ageographeratOxfordUniversity."
Allspeciesdependinsomewayoneachothertosurvive.Andthedangeristhat,ifyouremoveonespeciesfromthisverycomplexwebofinterrelationships,youhaveverylittle/noideaabouttheknock-oneffectsontheecosystem.So,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholefloodofotherextinctions."
Complicatingmattersisthefactthattherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblem.Unlikeglobalwarmingandozonedepletion-which,ifthepoliticalwillwasthere,couldbereducedbycuttinggasemissions-preservingbio-diversityremainsanintractableproblem.
Thelatestideais"
sustainablemanagement"
.Thismeanshumansshouldbeabletouseanyspeciesofanimalorplantfortheirbenefit,providedenoughindividualsofthatspeciesareleftalivetoensureitscontinuedexistence.
Encourageenforceenableempowerenlargeenrich
Enjoyensure
economics–ethics––physics
species
prefer–preference
infer–inference
refer–reference
global–regional–local
inhabitant–immigrant-accountant
Sustainablemanagementisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromextinction.Insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstillegalhunting,itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.InZimbabwe,forinstance,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsforsport.Thismoneyisthengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,localswillbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofhuntingthemillegally-orallowingotherstodoso-becauseoftheeconomicbenefitinvolved.
Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.
Withcorruptionpopularinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversaresuspiciousthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Otherswonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbeatstoppingillegalhunters.
Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingareasofmilesofgreatbio-diversitysuchastheworld'
stropicalforests.Intheory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswithelephants-allowloggingcompaniestocutdownacertainnumberoftrees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.
allow---permit
1)Youareallowedtogotoapartyanytimeifyouwant.
2)Makesureyougetpermissionforhowlongyoumaystaythere.
rejectone’sinvitation
Herefusestoanswermyquestion
twiceasmuchas=double
triple
Fourtimesasmuchas…
Twoforone.
Takeone,5%off;
Taketwo,50%off;
TakethethirdpairforFREE.
Freeofcharge
Discount
Commission
Incontrol
Undercontrol
Outofcontrol
Dominate
Sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecutdown,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Becausealmostalltropicalforestsarelocatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedincomefromlogging,therearefewregulations=ruleandincentives=motivationtodothis.Infact,forloggers,themostsensibleeconomicapproachistocutdownasmanytreesasquicklyaspossible.
Thepriceofhouseisrisingrapidly/greatly/significantly/dramatically
Soar–risedropfluctuateremainstable
Highprice/lowprice=
cheapexpensive
Necessityluxury
Necessaryluxurious
Withtheimprovementofourstandardofliving,whatareconsideredluxuries,suchascars,andboats,aremorenecessitiesforagrowingnumberofpeople.
Localprice/reasonableprice/
drop/reduce/control/
fluctuate
soar=rising
ThereareanumberofreasonsforthereductionofforestsinAfrica.
Onereasonisthestablepriceofmostcommercialtreespeciesintropicalforests.Typically,theyriseinvalueannuallyby,atmost,fourtofivepercent.Contrastthiswithinterestratesinmostdevelopingcountries,whereinvestorscantypicallyexpectreturnsof15percentormore.Clearly,itmakesnoeconomicsensetodelayharvests.
return
award--bonus,packagetour,
rewarding=makesense/
clarifyverifysatisfy
Onesolutionmightbetoverifywoodwhichcomesfrom
sustainablymanagedforests.Intheory,consumerswouldbuyonlythiswoodandso
force/push/order/ask/assign/appoint/
willingto/volunteer/offertodosth
Hehasservedinthesocialwelfareasa_____,andheofferstodoallthathecando,someofwhicharewhatheisnotwillingtodo.
makehugeprofit/profitable/non-profitable
loggingcompaniestogo"
green"
orgooutofbusiness.Unfortunately,unrestrictedloggingissomuchmoreprofitablethatwoodfrommanagedforestswouldcostuptofivetimesmore-anincreasethatconsumers,nomatterhow"
areunlikelytopay.
Forthesereasons,sustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsisunlikelytobecomewidespreadinthenearfuture.Thisisdishearteningnews.It'
sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.Inonestudyofafive-square-kilometreareaofrainforestinPeru,forinstance,scientistscounted1,300speciesofbutterflyand600speciesofbird.IntheentirecontinentalUnitedStates,only400speciesofbutterflyand700speciesofbirdhavebeenrecorded.
entire/thewholeworld/total
ScientistProfessorNormanMyersseesthesituationasatremendous"
experimentwe'
reconductingwithourplanet"
."
Wedon'
tknowwhattheoutcomewillbe.Ifwemakeamessofit,wecan'
tmovetoanotherplanet...It'
sacaseofoneplanet,oneexperiment."
Outworkoverweighoutstandingovercomemakeuptalkshowchairmanchairperson
Heorshe==They
NEWWORDS
preservev.keepsafefromharmordanger保护
despiteprep.inspiteof尽管
decaden.aperiodof10years十年
ozonen.[U]formofoxygenwithasharpandrefreshingsmell;
(popularuse)purerefreshingairasattheseaside臭氧;
(通
俗用法)新鲜空气
depletionn.usingup,littleremaining用尽
devastatinga.ruinous破坏性极大的,毁灭性的
speciesn.(pl.unchanged复数不变)divisionofagenus(生物之)种
extincta.nolongerinexistence绝种的extinctionn.
profounda.deep;
needingmuchthoughtorstudytounderstand深刻的;
深奥的
survivev.continuetolive继续存在survivaln.
ecosystemn.生态系统
emissionn.sendingoutorgivingoff(oflight,heat,smell,etc.)发出,排放
intractablea.hardtomanage难处理的,难对付的
sustainablea.abletokeepupormaintain能维持的;
可持续的
effectivea.abletobringabouttheresultintended有效的;
奏效的ineffectivea.
inhabitantn.personlivinginaplace居民
involvevt.haveasanecessaryconsequence牵涉;
包含
corruptionn.腐败
sensiblea.reasonable;
practical明智的;
切实的
suspiciousa.inclinednottobelieve怀疑的;
多疑的
tropicala.热带的
loggingn.workofcuttingdownforesttreesfortimber伐木工作;
伐木业
investmentn.投资;
投资额
desperatelyad.绝望地;
不顾一切地
incentiven.somethingthatincitesorhasatendencytoinciteto
determinationoraction刺激;
动机;
鼓励
annuallyad.everyyear每年
verifyvt.testthetruthoraccuracyof鉴定;
查对
dishearteninga.causingtolosecourageorconfidence使沮丧的;
使气馁的
tremendousa.verygreat;
enormous极大的,巨大的;
messn.stateofconfusion;
ordisorder混乱;
杂乱
PHRASES
dodamageto:
todoharmto使……受到损害
beresponsiblefor:
对……有责任的,对……应负责任的
beindoubt:
tobeuncertain怀疑的;
未确定的
have…impacton:
对……产生影响;
对……产生效果
dependon:
relyon依赖,依靠
protect...from:
keepsafe...from防卫,保护
intheory:
理论上
aswellas:
inadditionto除……以外;
并;
也
atmost:
notmorethan至多
outofbusiness:
停业的(地);
破产的(地)
upto:
asfaras直到
makeamessof:
putintodisorderorconfusion使……成一团糟,弄乱;
破坏
NOTES
globalwarming:
指全球气温上升。
ozonedepletion:
臭氧大大减少。
臭氧是一种氧气,它停留在大气层外围边缘,
从而能防止来自太阳的不良射线到达地球表面。
knock-oneffects:
连锁作用
bio-diversity:
由biology和diversity两个词构成,意指所有的生物。
Zimbabwe:
津巴布维,非洲东南部国家。
Peru:
秘鲁,位于南美洲西部的国家。