山西省平遥中学学年高二英语上学期期中试题Word格式.docx
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LiquidPaper(修正液)wasinventedbyBetteNesmithGraham.Shewas17whenshegotajobataTexasbankasasecretary,eventhoughshedidn’tknowhowtotype.Thecompanysheworkedforsenthertoasecretaryschool,andshewastypinginnotimeat
all.
The1950shadseenthewidespreaduseoftheelectrictypewriter,whichtypedfasterbutalsomeantmoremistakes.Also,mistakesmadebyearlyelectrictypewriterswereveryhardtoerase,whichcausedproblemsforBette.
Inordertomakeextramoneysheusedhertalenttopaintholidaywindowsatthebank.
Thenoneday,itsuddenlyoccurredtoherthatshecouldcreateapainttocoveruptype-writingmistakes.
Itworked!
In1956,Bettesoldherfirstbottlesofthenewproduct,whichshecalled“MistakeOut”.Shemadeitinherkitchen,andhersonMichaelandhisfriendsbottleditinthefamilygarage.
By1957,shewasselling100bottlesamonthandhadgottenapatent(专利)forherproduct,whichshenowcalled“LiquidPaper.”Salescontinuedto
grow,asmoreandmorepeopleheardaboutLiquidPaper,throughword-of-mouthandbyreadingaboutitinmagazines.
Inthe1960s,BetteboughtamachinetohelpherproduceLiquidPaperinlargequantities.In1971,shesold2millionbottles.In1979,shesoldthecompanyfor47.5milliondollars.Shedidn’tlivetoseetheendofthecontract(合同),dyingin1980,attheageof56,inTexas.
Bette’sinventioncontinuestobeusedeverydaybysecretariesandotherpeopleintheofficeandwherevertypewritersareused.
1.WhenBettebegantoworkinabank,she______.
A.wastooyoungtotype
B.hadgraduatedfromsecretaryschool
C.hadnoexperienceintyping
D.taughtherselfabouttyping
2.ItcanbeinferredthatthefirstLiquidPaper______.
A.wasproducedbyhand
B.wasmadebymachine
C.wasbottledinthekitchen
D.wastestedinthefactory
3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Arockgroup.
B.Asecretary.
C.LiquidPaper.
D.MistakeOut.
4.Thepassageisorganizedmainlyinorderof______.
A.importance
B.time
C.space
D.popularity
B
Happybirthday!
Dobirthdayreallymakepeoplehappy?
Ofcoursetheydo.Birthdayscelebratethedaywhenwewereborn.Besides,thatextracandleonthecakesuggestsanotheryearofgrowthandmaturity(成熟)—orsowehope.Weallliketoimaginethatwearegettingwiserandnotjustolder.Mostofusenjoyseeingthewonderofgrowthinothers,aswell.Forinstance,seeingourchildrendevelopandlearnnewthingsmakesusfeelproud.ForAmericans,likepeopleinmostcultures,growingupisawonderfulprocess.Butgrowingold?
Thatisadifferentstory.
Growingoldisnotexactlyforpeopleinyouth-oriented(以年轻人为中心)Americanculture.MostAmericansliketolookyoung,actyoungandfeelyoung.Astheoldsayinggoes,“You’reyoungasyoufeel.”Olderpeoplejokeabouthowmanyyearsyoungtheyare,ratherthanhowmanyyearsold.Peopleinsomecountriesvaluetheagedasasourceofexperienceandwisdom.ButAmericansseemtofavorthosewhoareyoung,oratleast“youngatheart”.
ManyolderAmericansfindthe“goldenyears”tobeanythingbutgolden.Economically,“seniorcitizens”oftentryjusttogetby.Retirementattheageof65bringsasharpdecreaseinpersonalincome.Socialsecuritybenefitsusuallycannotmakeupthedifference.Olderpeoplemaysufferfrompoornutrition(营养),medicalcare,andhousing.Someevenhavetheexperienceofagediscrimination(歧视).Americansociologist(社会学家)PatMooreoncedresseduplikeanolderpersonandwanderedcitystreets.Shewasoftentreatedrudely--evencheatedandrobbed.However,dressedasayoungperson,shereceivedmuchmorerespect.
Unfortunately,theelderlypopulationinAmericaisincreasingfast.Why?
Peoplearelivinglonger.Fewerbabiesarebeingborn.Andmiddle-aged“babyboomers”(婴儿潮)arerapidlyenteringthegroupoftheelderly.Americamaysoonbeaplacewherewrinkles(皱纹)are“in”.Marketingexpertsarealreadynoticingthisgrowinggroupofconsumers.
5.Growingupisawonderfulthingbecause________.
A.peoplecancelebratetheirbirthdays.
B.peoplecanbecomemoreandmatureandwiser.
C.peoplecanreceivemanypresents.
D.peoplewillfeelyoungeratheart.
6.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat_________.
A.youngpeoplelackexperienceandwisdom.
B.Americanolderpeopleoftenjokeabouttheiroldage.
C.Americancultureisveryyoung.
D.differentcountrieshavedifferentopinionsontheoldage.
7.Theunderlinedsentence(inParagraph3)means“_________.”
A.thegoldenyearscanmaketheoldearnlotsofmoneyandreceivegoodmedicalcare
B.theoldpeoplein
America
areprobablyleadingahardlifewithoutgoodnutrition,medicalcareorhousing.
C.theoldin
havetoretireattheageof65.
D.Americansocialsecuritybenefitsarenotgood.
8.Fromthelastparagraphweknowthattheunderlinedword“in”canbereplacedby_______.
A.serious
B.bad
C.disappearingslowly
D.growingfast
C
Thehumanbrainremembersnegativeexperiencesmoreeasilythanpositiveones.Ourbrainshavedevelopedinthiswaybecausethreats,likedangerousanimals,haveamoreimmediateeffectonpeople’ssurvivalcomparedtopositivethingslikefoodorshelter.Asaresult,youclearlyknowwhatmakesyouunhappy,butdoyouknowwhatmakesyouhappy?
Researchsuggeststhatourlevelofhappinessispartlyshapedbythechoiceswemake.Ifyou’vebeenchasingwealth,fame,powerandsomematerialthings,youmaybelookingforhappinessinthewrongplaces.Psychologistssuggestthatthefollowinghabitscanmakepeoplehappier.
Peoplewhoowncloserelationshipstendtobehappierthanthosewhodonot.Thenumberofourfriendsisnotimportant.Whatmattersisthequalityofourrelationships.Relationshipsthatbringhappinessusuallyconsistofthesharingoffeelings,acceptance,mutual(双方的)respectandtrust.
Peoplewhoexerciseregularlycanimproveboththeirphysicalandmentalwell-being.Someresearchhasshownthatexercisecanbeaseffectiveassomemedicineintreatingdepression.
Ifwearesointerestedinanactivity,wemaylosetrackoftime,andwecanbeinastateofflow.Theactivitycouldbeplayingthepiano,surfingtheInternetorplayingagame…Peoplewhoexperienceflowintheirworkorlifetendtobehappier.
Peoplearemorelikelytobehappyiftheyknowwhattheirstrengthsareandcanusethemregularly.Peopleareespeciallyhappywhentheycansetgoalsandusetheirstrengthstoachievethem.
People,whothinkpositivelybybeinggrateful,mindfulandoptimistic,aremorelikelytobehappy.Beinggratefulmeansbeingthankful.Beingmindfulmeansconsidering,focusingon,andenjoyingtheexperiencesofthepresentmoment.Beingoptimisticmeansbeinghopefulaboutthefuture.
9.Humanbrainsremembernegativethingsmoreeasilybecausenegativethings_______.
A.tendtoaffecthumansurvivalimmediately
B.areeasytoremember
C.aremuchmoreimportantthanotherthings
D.canmakepeoplelivemuchhappier
10.Accordingtothispassage,peoplemayfindhappinessin________.
A.beingfamousB.chasingpower
C.settinglifegoalsD.earningmoney
11.Inthelastparagraph,theauthortriestotellusto_________.
A.thinkmoreaboutourfutureB.bepositiveinourlifeandwork
C.focusoneverythinginourlifeD.onlyenjoythepresentmoment
12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?
A.Whypeoplerememberpositivethingseasily.
B.Whypeopleremembernegativethingseasily.
C.Whatmakespeoplehappy.
D.Whatmakespeoplesad.
D
Emailhasbroughttheartofletterwritingbacktolife,butsomeexpertsthinktheresultingspreadofbadEnglishdoesmoreharmthangood.
Emailisaformofcommunicationthatischanging,fortheworse,thewaywewriteanduselanguage,saysomecommunicationresearchers.Itisalsochangingthewaywecommunicateandbuildrelationship.Theseareafewoftherecentlyrecognizedfeaturesofemail,sayexperts,whichshouldcauseindividualsandorganizationstorethinkthewaytheyuseemail.
“Emailhasincreasedthespreadofcarelesswritinghabits,”saysNaomiBaron,aprofessoroflinguisticsatanAmericanuniversity.Shesaysthepoorspelling,grammar,punctuationandsentencestructureofemailsreflectagrowingunconcernaboutthewaywewrite.
Baronarguesthatweshouldn’tforgiveandforgetthepoorwritingoftenshowninemail.“Themoreweuseemailanditstastelesswriting,themoreitbecomesthenormalwayofwriting,”theprofessorsays.
Otherssaythatdespiteitspoorwriting,emailhasfinishedwhatseveralgenerationsofEnglishteacherscouldn’t:
ithasmadewritingfashionableagain.
“Emailisacriticalnewcommunicationtechnology.”saysIanLancashire,aprofessorofEnglishatTorontoUniversity.“Itfillsthegapbetweenspokenlanguageandtheformalmethodsofwritingthatexistedbeforeemail.Itisthepurestformofwrittenspeech.”
Lancashiresaysemailhasthemysteriousabilitytogetpeoplewhoareusuallyscaredbywritingtogettheirthoughtsflowingeasilyontoablankscreen.Hesaysthisisbecauseofemail’sclosesimilaritytospeech.“It’slikeacircleoffourorfivepeoplearoundacampfire,”hesays.
Still,heacceptsthatthisnew-foundfreedomtoexpressthemselvesoftengetspeopleintotrouble.Emailssentinadayalmostexceed(超过)thenumberoflettersmailedinayear.Butmorepeoplearerecognizingthecontentofatypicalemailmessageisnotoftenexact.
13.FromwhatBaronsaysinthethirdparagraphwecanseethat