自由贸易和保护主义外文文献翻译译文3508字Word文件下载.docx
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原文
Thefreetradeandprotectionismundertheeconomiccrisis
Author:
Siles.
Abstract
In2008,withtheoutbreakoftheglobalfinancialcrisisontheglobaltradehasbroughtthehugeimpact.Dropintradegrowthanddeterioratingeconomicconditionsforeconomicprotectionismpolicyprovidesthecuttingedgeofopportunity.ArticleaimstostudythefreetradeandprotectionistpoliciestoNewZealandindustrygroup,suchasagriculturalindustrialization,andthe"
buyAmerican"
influenceontheinternationaltradingsystem,toexploretheprotectionstrategyandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesbetweenthefreetrade.
Keywords:
financialcrisis;
Freetrade;
Protectionismstrategy;
Advantages;
disadvantages
Theintroduction
In2007,theUnitedStateshousingbubbleoftherealestatemarketbroughtdownthebankingsystem,andeventuallyledtothe2008globalrecession.Thisyear'
sfinancialcrisisonglobaltradehasbroughtthehugeimpact.
Sincethe1980s,sustainedgrowthofinternationaltradeforthefirsttimehasatendencytodecline.ItisreportedthatasofNovember2008,worldtradefellby5%ofthetotal,Decemberisfurtherreducedby7%ofthetotal.Asisknowntoall,thedeclineofinternationaltradewillbeaseriousthreattoacountry'
seconomy,whetherdevelopedordevelopingcountries,especiallythosethatthecountriesoftheeconomicfoundationforexporttrade.
AsoneofthelargestexportersofcarsinJapan,thiscausedbythehousingbubbleoftheglobalfinancialcrisiscausedsevereblowtoitscarexports;
OthermajorindustrializedeconomicsystemsuchastheEuropeanUnionandsimilaralsosufferedabigblow.AlthoughsinceearlyFebruary2009,theinternationaltradehasbeenshowingsignsofrecovery,butstillcanseetradewillalwaysstaywithbeforethefinancialcrisisinarelativelylowlevel.
Dropintradegrowthanddeterioratingeconomicconditionstoprotectmaineconomicpolicyprovidethechanceofacuttingedge.Nobodycanclearlycalculatedhowmuchandhowlongwilllasttheworldrecessionandtheubiquitouscouldpanicemphasizedtheimportanceofeconomicprotectionism,sincethetradeviatheeliminationofimporttariffsandreducetheexporttaxfreemarket.Differentfromfreetradepolicy,tradeprotectionisadvocatedbyimportedproductsaddtariffsorothertraderestrictions,suchasdirectsubsidiesmechanism,resistancetooutsidersencroachonthelocalmarket.Atpresent,thereisabyincreasingimportcustomstaxesandsurchargesforsomecountriestorestoreZionistdomestictradegrowthpattern.TheUnitedStates,forexample,thegovernmentrescueplanannouncedinthe"
BuyAmerican,BuyAmerican"
clause.Underthisclausehasbeenregardedastherecessionaformofprotectionism.Theimplementationofthisclause,theNewZealandexportdriventothebrinkofaglobalmarket.Preservedandprotectivestrategiesbetweenfreetradeandthediscussionoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheonceagainbecomethefocusoftheeconomicfield.ThepurposeofthispaperistothroughresearchsincebytradeandprotectionismpolicytoNewZealandindustrysetgroup(suchastheagriculturalindustrialization),theinfluenceofandthe"
influenceontheinternationaltradingsystem,todiscusstheproblem.Withthedeepeningofthestudy,relatedconceptsoffreetradeandprotectionismwillbeappliedtothediscussion.Second,thebodyofthefreetradeisassociatedwithliberalism.
Accordingtothelearnedbythesocialisteconomicbasethisprinciple,theelementsoffreemarketsandfreetradeisnogovernmentintervention.Capitalandlaborarethetwofundamentalelementsineconomichair.Intheory,laborandcapitalwouldflowfromadversemarketenvironmenttothegoodairconditioningmarket.CompletelyfreetradingsystemistheguaranteeofcapitalandLabourarethemostadvantageousproductionconditionsofthepremises.Accordingtotheclassicaltheoryoffreetrade,intheabsenceofgovernmentintervention,everycountrycanfindtheirownplaceintheworldeconomicsystem,andbettertheconditionofcountrywillbericherthanothercountries.Therefore,reducetheregulationforimportandexportrestrictionswillbemoreconducivetofreetrade.Thefreetradepolicyistosupportanytotheconstructionofthefreemarket.Forexample,toremovetariffsonimportedproducts,reducetheexporttax,aswellasanylegislationtocleartheobstaclestolaborproductivity.
FreetradetreatiesandchangesoftheagriculturedevelopmentinNewZealandhasasignificantimpact,NewZealandisasmall,followtheruleofthefreemarkettypeagriculturalexporter,iscurrentlytheworld'
smostopenmarketsforagriculturalproducts.Completelyagainstprotectioniststance,NewZealandagriculturalindustryisoneofthemostbigbeneficiariesoffreetradepolicy.Since1983thegovernmentofNewZealandandAustraliasincethefirstfreetradeagreement,signedbyregionalandbilateralfreetradeagreementtobecomeNewZealandagriculturalproductsandmarketstrategiesofsuccessfuldiversification.
In2005,forexample,hasestablishedcloseeconomicpartnership,withThailandandChile,brunei,Singapore,MalaysiaandChinafreetradeagreement,andnegotiationoffreetradetermsandsouthAsiancountries.SupporttheexportofagriculturalproductstradepolicyisnotdoesnotmaketheagriculturedepartmentbecometheNewZealandgovernmenthighagriculturalsubsidiesobject,onthecontrary,thedepartmentofagriculturehasbecometheNewZealand'
slargestsourceofexportearnings.95%ofNewZealanddairyproductshavebeenexportedtoothercountriesandregionsoftheworld,meatandwoolproductsisexpectedtoreach20%ofNewZealand'
stotalexports.Theannualreportin2007,about30%ofworldtrade,dairyproductsfromNewZealanddairyindustrybringcountrieseachyearnearly63billionNewZealanddollarsexportincome;
Whileitsexportsofagriculturalproductsvalueisabout15to16millionNewZealanddollars.TheseishelpfultoagriculturaleconomicstrategyoffreetradeandmarketnotonlyhasmadeaoutstandingcontributiontotheeconomicrecoveryofNewZealand,forthedevelopmentoftheagriculturalsectorandagriculturalproductivitygrowthalsoplayedacrucialrole.ThissuggeststhatNewZealandinthemid-1980-stotheearly90scancelagriculturalsubsidiesmadetherightdecision,itpromotedtherapiddevelopmentofthecommercialfarminginNewZealand.
Cancelagriculturalsubsidiestriggeredafiercemarketcompetitionmechanism,promotetheefficiencyofresourceutilizationandthediversityofproducts.Example,during1983and2005,theaverageweightofthecattlegrewby15%,lambgrewby28%,lambgrewby18%.BelievethatsupportersoffreetradepolicyoffreetradepolicytoNewZealandagriculturalguidetothecorrectdevelopmentdirection.2008economiccrisismakesthetradeprotectionindifferentpartsoftheworldalive.TheNewZealandheraldreportedpointedoutthatthedairyindustryTheangerofNewZealanddairyindustry.Afterexperiencingtheeconomiccollapse,Americanfarmerspaymoreattentiontobyforeigncompetitorsbringlosscausedbyfiercecompetition.Thereportpointsout,theWashingtonannounced"
dairyindustryexportincentiveplan"
officiallybecame"
partoftherescueplan.TheplanaimstoimprovethecompetitivenessofthedairyfarmingU.S.exportersintheglobalmarket.
AcomparativestudyoftheUnitedStates,NewZealand
TheU.S.governmentexportsubsidyplanwillbepushedtotheNewZealandagriculturerisktotheedge.TheNewZealandheraldreported,theusgovernmentplannotonlybythemassmediacriticisminNewZealandfor"
short-sighted"
butalsotoconveytotheworldeconomyawrongsignal.SomescholarsofNewZealand,themassmediaandpoliticianssayrepeatofexportsubsidypolicybeneaththeNewZealandexportsmechanism,andreleasethewrongmessagetothemarketinterestrates.Snarrpointedoutthattoprotectthe"
temporary"
policyofthenationalcommercialinterests,oftenleadstocompetitioninthemarketoflax.ThetemporarysubsidypolicyintheUnitedStates,islikelytoincreaseinternationaltradecanlastlongwiththecostofalong-term.Feenstraprotectionistpolicieshavediscussedtheusgovernment'
scost.HepointedoutthattheUnitedStatesinthe80sgenerationhasrestrictedthenumberofimportedJapanesecarsintothesoil,thegovernmentalsosoinordertomakeupfortheeconomicconsequencesofthepolicy,Americanconsumershavetoacceptthevehicleunitpricesoared14%fromthepreviouscase,WashingtongovernmentsubsidypolicyofTaiwanexportswilldisrupttheworldagriculturalmarketpricesystem.Andconsumers(includingtheUnitedStatesandothercountriesconsumers)willhavetopayfortheconsequencesofthiskindofprotectionistpolicies.
Themorein-depthstudyofthe"
policy,isincreasinglysuspectthisso-calledtarpActuallydestroysthebilateralrelations.NewZealandandotherWTOmemberswillhavetofacebyprotectingthemaineconomicpressuresbroughtbythepolicyofrighteousness.Actuallytheideabehindprotectionisminvolvingamaintainapositivetradebalance.Washingtonisinitiallyplannedtouseeconomicstimuluspoliciestobalancethepurposeofthegovernment'
shugetradeandbudgetdeficits.Thegovernmentchosetoadoptprotectionistremedytorestoreglobaleconomicdecline.NewZealandinthefaceofthe20thcenturywhenthegenerationofthegreatrecessionin80Houalsomadethesamedecision,setupa"
buy"
inNewZeala