英文字母及组合发音规律Word下载.docx
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before;
below;
（三）元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节[ai]China;
try;
my;
hi;
time;
guide;
2.重读闭音节[i]sit;
hit;
ill;
little;
system;
3.非重读音节[i]unit;
study
（四）元音字母o
1.重读开音节[əu]no;
so;
go;
home;
photo;
2.重读闭音节[ɔ]not;
hot;
box;
fox;
cock;
cost;
3.非重读音节[ə]purpose;
concern
4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[ʌ]
son;
month;
come;
ton;
（*例外：
Tom[ɔ]）
love;
dove;
glove;
another
mother;
brother;
become;
some
5.两个单词：
woman[‘wu-mən]女人（单数）;
women[‘wi-min]女人（复数）
（五）元音字母u
1.重读开音节[ju:
]pupil;
student;
use;
cube
2.重读闭音节[ʌ]或[u]
[ʌ]——cut;
luck;
umbrella;
us
[u]——put;
full;
pull
4.非重读音节[ə]autumn;
August;
support
●元音字母组合的拼读规则
（一）元音字母a的字母组合
1.ai或ay在重读音节中[ei]rain;
train;
brain;
pain
day;
may;
play;
stay;
lay
*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei]Sunday;
Monday;
Tuesday;
Thursday;
Friday
2.al+绝大多数辅音字母[ɔ:
]small;
wall;
call;
talk;
walk；
chalk
3.或[ɔ:
l]also;
always
*al后面是k时，只发[ɔ:
al+f或m时，al发[a:
]half;
calm
-al在词尾非重读[（ə）l]medal;
metal;
（例外canal运河，重音在后[æ
l]）
3.-ance在重读时[a:
ns]chance;
dance;
France
在非重读时[əns]importance；
performance；
ambulance
4.-ant非重读[ənt]assistant;
important；
peasant
5.-ange一般[eindʒ]change;
danger;
strange;
（*但orange[indʒ]）
6.-age一般[idʒ]village;
carriage;
marriage
7.-ask一般重读时[a:
sk]ask;
mask;
task;
8.-ass一般重读时[a:
s]class;
glass;
grass;
pass;
（*但mass[æ
9.-ast一般重读时[a:
st]last;
past;
fast;
cast
-aste一般[eist]waste;
paste;
taste
10.-ath一般[a:
θ]bath;
path;
（*但maths[æ
θ]）
或[a:
ð
]father;
rather;
（*但gather[æ
ð
]）
11.-au一般[ɔ:
]cause;
autumn;
（*但because[ɔ]）
-augh（t）[ɔ:
（t）]caught;
taught;
daughter
laugh[la:
f]）
12.-aw[ɔ:
]draw;
saw;
law;
awful
13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发[ɔ]
was;
（*但water[ɔ:
14.-ar重读音时[a:
]party;
car;
farm;
army;
yard;
hard;
star
在字母w或音[w]后面时[ɔ:
]war;
warm;
warn;
towards;
*quarter
在非重读音时[-ə]beggar;
dollar;
solar
15.-are一般[-εə]hare;
bare;
dare;
stare;
rare;
care;
parent
16.-air一般[-εə]chair;
fair;
hair;
pair;
stair;
repair
17.-able一般[eibl]able;
cable;
table;
stable
（二）元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：
-ea[i:
]team;
meat;
lead;
teach;
read;
mean;
please;
steal
-ea[e]threat;
bread;
meant;
read（过去式和过去分词）;
peasant
-ea[iə]real;
really
-ea[ei]great;
break
2.-ee[i:
]feel;
week;
keep;
three;
steel;
street;
sweep;
see
*但是一个例外：
coffee[i]
3.-eer[iə]deer;
pioneer;
engineer;
volunteer
4.-er重读音节[ə:
]her;
term;
service;
Germany
非重读[ə]worker;
paper;
western;
teacher
特殊读法[a:
]clerk
5.-ere[iə]here;
mere
-ere或者发[εə]there;
where
6.-ear有三种音，分别是：
-ear[iə]ear;
dear;
near;
clear;
tear（n.）;
beard
-ear[ə:
]early;
earth;
learn;
heard
-ear[a:
]heart
*tear作为动词时，发[εə]
7.-ei[ei]eight;
weigh;
weight
-ei[ai]height
-ei[i:
]receive
8.-ey重读[ei]they;
hey;
survey
-ey重读[i:
]key
-ey非重读[i]monkey;
donkey;
valley;
volleyball
*-et非重读[it]pocket;
ticket;
rocket
9.-ew一般[ju:
]new;
few;
knew
-ew或者发[u:
]grew;
threw
-ew还可以发[əu]sew
10.-ege[idʒ]college
11.-est[ist]biggest;
modest;
happiest;
12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d]lived;
studied
-ed在清音后[t]worked;
finished
-ed在字母t或d后[id]wanted;
needed
（三）元音字母i或y的组合
1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:
]field;
piece;
achieve
-ie在词尾[ai]lie;
die;
tie
2.-igh（t）在重读音节[ai（t）]high;
night;
light;
bright
3.-ir在重读音节[ə:
]girl;
firm;
circle;
first;
third
4.-ire在重读音节[‘aiə]fire;
tired;
hire;
retired;
wire
5.-ild[aild]child;
wild
6.-ind[aind]find;
kind;
mind;
wind;
（*但window[ind]）
7.-ing[iŋ]king;
wing;
sing;
doing;
making
8.-（a）tion[（ei）ʃn]nation;
pronunciation;
information；
composition
-stion[tʃn]question
-sion[ʃn]或[ʒn]mission使命;
precision精密
9.-ye在词尾[ai]good-bye;
bye-bye
10.-ist[ist]list;
fist;
（四）元音字母o的组合
1.-oa在重音时[əu]boat;
coat;
road;
goat;
toad
-oar在重音时[ɔ:
]blackboard;
aboard
2.-oi，-oy在重音时[ɔi]boiler;
point;
join;
oil
boy;
toy;
joy;
loyal
3.-oo一般[u:
]soon;
too;
zoo;
room;
noon;
food;
mood;
boot;
moon
*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。
如classroom[u]…等等。
在字母k或有时在t，d之前时[u]cook;
look;
book;
took;
foot;
good；
4.-or在重音时[ɔ:
]for;
horse;
important;
morning;
born
-or在字母w后面[ə:
]work;
word;
world;
worse;
worth
（*但是wore,worn例外，均发[ɔ:
-or在非重音时[ə]monitor;
doctor;
professor;
forget;
forwards;
forgive;
conductor
5.-oar一般[ɔ:
]board;
aboard;
blackboard
6.-oor一般[ɔ:
]或在美式英语里发[ɔə]door;
floor
-oor还发[uə]poor
7.-ore在重音时[ɔ:
]snore;
more;
before;
foreign;
forest
8.-ou一般[au]shout;
loud;
round;
found
-ou还发[ʌ]country;
countryside；
trouble
-ou还发[u:
]wound;
wounded
9.-ough（t）发[ɔ:
（t）]ought;
brought;
bought;
fought;
thought
cough[kɔf]）
10.-oe[əu]toe;
hoe;
Joe
11.-old[əuld]old;
hold;
cold;
told
12.-ost[əust]post;
most;
host;
ghost（*例外cost[ɔst]）
13.-our在重音时[au]sour;
our;
hour;
还发[ɔ:
]four;
course;
pour
还发[uə]tour;
gourd
-our在词尾（非重音）[ə]colour;
neighbour;
favourite
14.-ow在重音时[au]now;
cow;
down;
how;
town
-ow在重音或非重音中[əu]low;
yellow;
below;
follow;
grow
tomorrow;
window;
widow;
know;
show
（五）元音字母u的组合
1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发[u]
如：
full;
bull;
pull;
push;
bush
字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发[u:
]rule;
true;
blue;
June
2.-ue在词尾[ju:
]argue;
continue
3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发[u:
]fruit;
juice
-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发[i]
build;
guilty;
biscuit
（*即就是说字母u不发音）
4.-ur在重音时[ə:
]turn;
return;
nurse;
purse
在非重音时[ə]surprise;
Saturday
-ure在重音时[（j）uə]pure[juə];
manure[juə];
sure[uə]
-ture发[tʃə]picture;
future;
mixture
（II）●辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则
辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下:
1.b在一般情况下[b]back；
big;
lab;
brother
b和u在一起，u常发[i]building；
build；
busy
-bt一般[t]debt;
doubt
2.c在字母e,i或y前面时[s]city;
Bruce;
juice;
bicycle；
face;
central
c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[k]cup;
cattle;
duck;
bicycle;
cap;
cut;
class;
c在词尾时也发[k]，但后面有e，那还发[s]gymnastic[k];
music[k]
grace[s];
Bruce[s]
-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前[k]occasion;
according;
occupy;
acclaim
在元音字母e和i之前[ks]accent;
success
-ci有时发[ʃ]social
-ch有三种音[tʃ][k]或[ʃ]如下：
[tʃ]China;
rich;
chick;
chalk
[k]school;
chemist;
chemistry;
chemical;
ache;
technology
[ʃ]machine;
parachute;
moustache
-tch[tʃ]catch;
match;
fetch;
hatch;
butcher
-ck[k]duck;
pocket;
black;
cock
3.d在一般情况下[d]did;
made;
desk;
doubt;
damage
-ds发[dz]birds;
hands
dr在元音字母前[dr]dry;
dress;
driver;
drill
-dge一般[dʒ]bridge;
fridge;
judge;
edge
4.f在一般情况下[f]five;
flag;
life;
leaf
5.g在字母e,i或y前面[dʒ]large;
general;
gymnastics;
age;
energy
*例外：
give;
get;
forget等,g都发[g]
在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[g]goat;
game;
guard;
ghost;
glass
在词尾也发[g]big;
egg;
fig;
flag
-gn[n]，即g不发音foreign;
sign;
gnaw
-gh发[f]或[-]（*既不发音）[-]high;
thought;
brought
[f]laugh;
cough
-dge发[dʒ]bridge;
knowledge;
judge
*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音guess;
guest;
guide
而-gue在词尾发[g]league;
colleague
6.h在一般情况下[h]help;
behave;
hello;
hurry
h在字母r或x后面不发音rhino;
exhibition
7.j在一般情况下[dʒ]joy;
injure;
journey;
January;
jar;
just
8.k在一般情况下[k]king;
milk;
kick;
kiss;
lock;
knock
k后面是n时，k不发音,即kn发[n]knock;
knee;
knife
9.l在元音字母前发[l]（*即“勒”音，供参考）light；
look;
let;
live
l在辅音字母或词尾时发[l]（*即“尔”音，供参考）cold；
sell;
10.m在一般情况下[m]meet;
Tom
m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发[m]comb;
tomb;
climb;
bomber
11.n在一般情况下[n]in;
now;
next;
nest
n在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发[m]autumn;
column
但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的autumnal;
columnist
-ng常发[ŋ]或[ŋg]发[ŋ]sing;
king;
English;
young
发[ŋg]finger；
younger;
language
-nk常发[ŋk]bank;
sink;
sank;
sunk;
ink;
thank
12.p在一般情况下[p]map;
people;
pest
-ph[f]photo;
phantom;
philosophy;
physics;
phrase
13.que在一般情况下[k]unique;
cheque
qu一般发[kw]quarter;
quick;
quilt;
quiet;
quite;
queen
14.r在元音字母前才发音[r]（*即音同“略”供参考）room；
read;
rest;
around
r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音car;
star;
jar
rh在元音字母前只发[r]rhyme;
rhino;
rhetoric
15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发[s]
see;
some;
sister;
works;
lips;
newspaper;
yes;
this
注：
一条发音习惯，欧美人在发[s]音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：
如：
school---音标[sku:
l]，而习惯念成[sgu:
l]
street---音标[stri:
t],而习惯念成[sdri:
t]
stubborn---音标[‘stʌbn],而习惯念成[‘sdʌbn]
student---音标[‘stju:
dənt],而习惯念成[‘sdju:
dənt]
space---音标[speis],而习惯念成[sbeis]
steal---音标[sti:
l],而习惯念成[sdi:
就是这样，像这样的单词还有很多。
这里只列举这么多了。
s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发[z]
nose;
lose;
rise;
wisdom;
observe
词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后（即在浊音之后），发[z]
pigs;
plays;
flags;
eggs;
toys;
boys
词尾的s在长元音之后，发[z]hers;
yours
s还可以发[ʃ]sure;
Russia
-sh一般发[ʃ]sheep;
ship;
wish;
show;
shift;
fish
-sch一般情况下[sk]school;
scheme（计划）
-sion一般情况下[ʃn]tension;
succession
在元音字母后[ʒn]decision;
conclusion
-sure在元音字母后[ʒə]measure;
pleasure
16.t在一般情况下[t]tooth；
tool;
hit
ten;
taste;
-th一般发[θ]或[ð
],即发[θ]thin;
tooth;
youth;
think;
thigh
发[ð
]that;
with;
this;
th
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