现代大学英语听力原文及答案Unit 11Word格式文档下载.docx

现代大学英语听力原文及答案Unit 11Word格式文档下载.docx

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IcanonlysaythatIwasstruckbytheresemblance."

2）Andtheotherstoryfromthatareaisaboutthenativewhonoticedtheepitaphonatombstone:

HereLiesaLawyerandanHonestMan."

Mightysmallgravefortwomen,"

commentedthenative.

3）ThisissupposedtohavehappenedinaWesterncourtroom.Onelawyerroseandshoutedthathisopponentwasacrook,ashysterandadisgracetothelegalprofession.Theopposingattorneyrespondedthatthefirstwasguiltierthanhisclientandshouldbetheoneontrial.

Thejudgecalmlynoted:

"

Nowthatbothofthelearnedcounselshaveidentifiedthemselves,letusproceedwiththiscase."

4）Astorythatlawyersandlawstudentsneverappreciateistheoneaboutthetwopickpocketswhowereworkinginthecrowdinfrontofadowntownofficebuilding.Theynoticedonemanwhotookafatwalletoutofhispocket,countedthecontentsandwentintotheelevator.

Theyfollowedhimintotheelevatorbutweren’tabletoreachhimbeforehegotoffandenteredalawyer'

soffice.

InfewminutestheysawthemancomeoutThenonepickpocketsaidtotheother"

What'

llwedonow?

theotherreplied,"

Youknowwhattodo.We'

llwaitforthelawyertocomeout."

5）"

Nodoubtaboutit,"

saidthelawyer."

ThisisoneofthestrongestcasesI'

veeverheard.Thereisn'

tachanceoflosingincourt."

Thanks,"

saidtheclient,grabbingforhishatandcoat."

IguessI'

llsettlethisoutofcourt."

ButIsaidyoucan'

tlose,"

criedthelawyer.

Iknow,butwhatItoldyouwastheotherman'

ssideofthecase."

Task2:

【答案】

MainIdea:

TheimportanceofjurytrialintheUSlegalsystemandthecontemporarychallengesitfaces

I.ThejurytrialisthecentralelementintheAmericanconceptionofjustice.

A.Therighttotrialbyanimpartialjury.isoneoftheoldestandleastcontroversialguaranteesintheConstitution.

B.Americaisdistinctiveamongallnationsforthecentralroleaccordedthejurytrialinitsjusticesystem.

C.ToAmericancitizens,participationingovernmentisrepresentedbyvotingandjuryservice.

II.ThefutureofjurytrialisuncertainduetotherapidchangesinAmericansociety.

A.Increasesinthevolumeofcivilandcriminaltrialshaveputgreatpressureonthejurysystem.

B.Therehavebeendramaticincreasesinthelengthandcomplexityoftrials.

C.Incivilcases,itsometimesseemsimpossibleforjurymemberstohavethespecialknowledgeneededduetotheadvanceinscienceandtechnology.

D.Changesintrialmethodandgreaterpublicaccesshavealteredthenatureofthetrialjury.

ThejurytrialisthecentralelementintheAmericanconceptionofjustice.Thefighttotrialbyanimpartialjury,insulatedfrominfluencebyoppressivepoliticalpowers,isoneoftheoldestandleastcontroversialguaranteesintheConstitution.Americaisdistinctiveamongallnationsforthecentralroleaccordedthejurytrialinitsjusticesystem.Themorethan300,000jurytrialsayearareofenormouspracticalandsymbolicsignificancetothosewhoareinvolvedinthemandtothosewhoseeorhearaboutthem.TothetypicalAmericancitizen,participationingovernmentisrepresentedbyvotingandjuryservice.

Despitethelonghistoryofthejurytrialanddespiteitscurrentsignificanceinthelegalsystem,itsfutureisuncertain.ChangesinAmericansocietyhavecreatednewdemandsforjusticewhichmaynotbemetbytraditionaljurytrials.Increasesinthevolumeofcivilandcriminaltrialshavecloggedthecourtsystemandplacedunprecedentedstrainsontheabilityofthejurysystemtodispensehighqualityjustice.Therehavebeendramaticincreasesinthelengthandcomplexityoftrials.Insomejurisdictions,juryselectionalonemaylastaslongasaweekinatypicalcriminalcase.Althoughnotcommon,civilandcriminalcaseslastingmonthsandevenyearsplaceaburdenonthesystem.Onthecivilside,advancesinscienceandengineeringhavecreatedcomplexitiesindisputesthatchallengetheexpertsinthefieldandwouldseemtorequireanunattainablelevelofsophisticationonthepartofjurymembers.Technologicaldevelopmentsarealsochangingsomeoftheconventionsofevidenceandprocedureattrialandprovidingopportunitiesforpublicaccessthroughmediareportage,whichhasalteredthenatureofthetrialjury.

Task3:

A.

1）T

2）F

3）T

4）F

5）T

6）T

7）F

8）F

B.

1）Everywitnessmustswearanoath,withhishandontheBible,"

Totellthetruth,thewholetruth,andnothingbutthetruth"

.

2）Cross-examinationistheexaminationofawitnessbyhisopponent.Forexample,everywitnesscalledbytheprosecutingcounselmaybeexaminedbythedefendingbarrister,andviceversa.

3）Itisaquestionthatsuggestssomethinginsteadofaskingforinformation.

4）“Hearsay”evidenceiswhatonehasheardotherssayaboutanevent.

Whileyouwerestayingwithusduringthesummer,Irememberyouaskedmealotofquestionsaboutlawinthiscountry.I'

mafraidIwasn'

tabletohelpyoumuch.Wereadinourpapersabouttrialsinthelawcourts,butfewlaw-abidingcitizensareexpertsonthesubject.

YouaskedmetotellyouhowcriminaltrialsinEnglanddifferfromcriminaltrialsinEurope,andIcouldn'

ttellyoumuch—except,Iremember,thatIsaidthatinEnglandapersonaccused26crimemustalwaysbesupposedinnocentuntilhehasbeenprovedguilty.Newspapersmustn'

tdescribetheaccusedas“themurderer;

he'

s“theaccused”or“theprisoner”.LastmonthIservedasamemberofthejuryatanimportantcriminaltrial,soIlearntquitealot.Ithoughtyou'

dbeinterested,andthat'

swhyI'

mwriting.

Theprisonerwasaccusedofrobbingabankandofwoundingthenightwatchmanwhotriedtostophim.Hepleaded"

NotGuilty"

sothetrialwasalongone.Wehadtolistentsomelo,speechesandalotofevidence.

I'

mover50andthiswasmyfirstexperienceofservingasajuror.We'

reliableforjuryservicebetween21and60,soyouseeImighthavebeencalledonmanyyearsago.Ofthe12membersofthejury,threewerewomen.Twoofthemenweresmallshopkeepers,onewasamotormechanic,andanotherwasaschoolteacher.Ididn'

tfindoutwhattheotherswere,butyoucanseewewereamixedlot.

Wehadthreestoriestolistento.Firsttherewasthestorytoldbythecounselfortheprosecution,thenthestorytoldbythedefendingcounsel,andlastlythestorytoldbythejudge,asummingupofwhatwassaidbycounselandwitnesses.By"

counsel"

1meanthebarristerorbarristersemployedoneitherside.

Theprosecutingcounselbeganbytellingthecourtwhatheintendedtoprovebyevidence.Thenhecalledhiswitnesses.Thesepeoplecansaywhattheyknowonlyinanswertoquestions,sotheexaminationofwitnessesisveryimportant.Everywitnessmaybeexaminedbythebarristerwhoisdefendingtheprisoner.Thisisthecross-examination.Thejudgecaninterfereifhethinksanyofthequestionsareunfair.Healwaysobjectstowhatarecalled"

leadingquestions"

questionsthatsuggestsomethinginsteadofaskingforinformation.（Perhapsyouknowtheoldexample:

Whendidyoustopbeatingyourwife?

）Leadingquestionsareallowed,however,incross-examination.

Thedefendingcounselthenhadhisturn.Hecallednewwitnesses,includingtheaccusedmanhimself.Thesewitnesseswerethencross-examinedbytheprosecutingcounsel.

Thelawofevidenceisverystrict.Everywitnessmust,beforehegoesintothewitnessbox,swearanoath,withhishandontheBible,"

.Awitnessmaytellonlywhathehimselfknowstobetrue."

Hearsay"

evidenceisnotallowed.If,forexample,Mr.Xsawamanforcingawayintoabuilding,hecandescribewhathesaw,andthisisevidence.Ifhetellshiswifeaboutit,adescriptionofwhathappened,givenbythewife,isnotevidence.Sheheardherhusband'

sstory,butsheherselfdidnotseewhathappened.

Whenalltheevidencehadbeengiven,andtheexaminationofthewitnesseswasfinished,counselforbothsidesmadefurtherspeeches.Counselfortheprosecutiontriedtoshowthat,fromtheevidencetheyhadheard,thejurycouldonlyfindtheaccusedpersonguilty.Counselforthedefencetriedtoshowthattheaccusedwasnotguilty.Thenthejudgesummedup.

Task4:

1）b

2）a

3）b

4）c

1）Thejudgesareresponsibleforsumminguptheevidence,andcallthejurymen'

sattentiontoalltheimportantpointsintheevidenceandinthespeechesmadebycounselforbothsides.

2）Thejudgeusuallygivesamoreseveresentencetotheaccused.

3）No.Thisisbasedontheprincipleofthedivisionbetweentheforcesofthelawwhokeeporder,andtheforceswhoconducttrials.

TherearequitealotofpeopleinEnglandwhothinkthat12ordinarymenandwomenarenotcapableofunderstandingproperlyalltheevidencegivenatcriminaltrials.IhaddoubtsaboutthismyselfuntilIservedasjurorlastmonth.Idon'

tfeelsodoubtfulnow.Ourjudgesareexpertinsumminguptheevidence.Theytakenotesduringthetrial.Thejudge,inthecaseI'

mwritingabout,calledourattentiontoalltheimportantpointsintheevidenceandinthespeechesmadebycounselforbothsides.Hefavoredneitherprosecutionnordefense.Hetolduswhatcrimetheaccusedwouldbeguiltyof,iftheevidencesuppliedbytheprosecutionwastrue.

Themembersofthejuryhavetodecideonlythequestionsoffact.Questionsoflawareforthejudge.S