胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.doc

胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.doc

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胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

第一章：

语言学导论

I. Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.  Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________.

  A.contact  B.communication   

C.relation    D.community

2. Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

  A.tree     B.typewriter     

C.crash      D.bang

3. Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is__________.

  A.interrogative  B.directive   

C.informative   D.performative

4. InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

 A.Interpersonal     B.Emotive     

C.Performative        D.Recreational

5. Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.Transferability    B.Duality      

C.Displacement        D.Arbitrariness

6. Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

  —Aniceday,isn’tit?

—Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

 A.Emotive       B.Phatic        

C.Performative        D.Interpersonal

7. __________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.Performance     B.Competence   

C.Langue  D.Parole

8. Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.

Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

  A.culturaltransmission   B.productivity    

 C.displacement   D.duality

9. __________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

  A.Psycholinguistics B.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.Sociolinguistics   D.Appliedlinguistics

10. __________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

  A.Linguistictheory  B.Practicallinguistics

C.Appliedlinguistics D.Comparativelinguistics

II. Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11. Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12. Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13. Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14. Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15. Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16. Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17. .DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18. AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19. Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20. Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III. Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21. Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22. Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.

23. Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24. Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

25. Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26. Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27. Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

28. Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29. Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30. LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

IV. Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.  Designfeature

32.  Displacement

33.  Competence

34.Synchroniclinguistics

V.  Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35. Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeatures