高中英语外研版选修8同步练习1单元综合检测Word文档格式.docx

高中英语外研版选修8同步练习1单元综合检测Word文档格式.docx

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Leopardsealsfeedonpenguinsandotherseals.Whoeatstheleopardseals？

Killerwhales，ifthey'

rearound.

HowdotheysurvivetheAntarcticcold？

First，blubber（海兽脂）andfeathersareextremelyimportant.Thelongeransweristhatwarmbloodedanimals（birdsandmammals）inAntarcticamaintainconstant（恒定的）internalbodytemperatures，justlikewarmbloodedanimalsdoinotherclimatezones.Iftheylettheirinternaltemperaturesdropbelowfreezing，they'

dbeepenguinpopsicles（冰棒）．Second，sizematters.Technicallyspeaking，abiggerbirdhasasmallersurfaceareatovolumeratio，whichmeansithaslessrelativeareathroughwhichitlosesheat.MostofthewarmbloodedanimalsinAntarcticaareoversizedbecausebiganimalsofthesameshapestaywarmer.Apartfromthemethodsmentionedabove，penguinshavetheirownspecialsocialadaptation.Theygathertogetherwithfriendsandfamilywhileconstantlymoving，sothatthewarmguysinthemiddlemovetotheoutsideandthecolderfolkstakeaturninthecenter.

1．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?

A．ThefoodchainintheAntarcticecosystem.

B．ThedistributionoftheAntarcticvegetation.

C．ManykindsofAntarcticanimals.

D．ThediversityoftheAntarcticplantsandanimals.

答案：

A　段意理解题。

由第二段第三句“TheAntarcticfoodchainisfairlysimple”知，第二段主要讲述南极生物链。

2．WhydoanimalsintheAntarcticofteneateachother?

A．Plantstherecan'

tbefoundbyanimals.

B．Animalstherearemeateatinganimals.

C．Thereisnotenoughplantlifetoprovidefoodforanimals.

D．AnimalsintheAntarcticneedagreatdealoffattokeepthemwarm.

C　细节理解题。

由第二段第二句知，因为没有足够的植物吃，动物为生存往往相互残杀。

3．ThewaysmostanimalsinAntarcticasurvivethecoldarementionedinthepassageEXCEPT________.

A．fatandfeathers

B．oversizedbodytype

C．migrationandwintersleep

D．ingtogetherandformingagroup

由文章第三段知，为了适应在极冷的气候下生存，大多数动物采用三种方式：

一靠海兽脂和羽毛；

二靠硕大的体魄；

三靠聚居。

4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．ProtectionoftheAntarcticcreatures

B．HowcananimalsliveintheAntarctic?

C．TheAntarcticwildlife

D．Thelifeundericeandsnow

C　主旨大意题。

文章三段层次分明，首段概述南极动物适应极地环境；

第二段南极生物链；

第三段介绍动物如何在极冷的环境中生存，所以南极野生动植物为佳。

B

Whenparentsconsiderwhatschooltosendtheirchildto，theyoftenfirstdecidewhethertheyshouldsendtheirchildtoacoeducationalschoolortoasinglesexone.

CoeducationisamodernconceptandwasfirstintroducedinSwitzerland.Nowithasbeepopularalmosteverywhereintheworld.

Thesupportersofcoeducationfavoritmainlyonthreegrounds.Theeconomicbenefitsgainedfromjointclassesandtheneedtosecureequalityforwomenhaveinfluencedthespreadofcoeducation.Moreover，itcreatesaspiritofpetitioninstudies.Thosewhoopposesaythatboysandgirlsaredifferentphysically，emotionallyandmentally.Theyhavetoplaydifferentrolesinlife.Again，thepresenceofoppositesexislikelytodistracttheattention.

Singlesexeducationisthepracticeofconductingeducationwhereboysandgirlsattendseparateclassesorinseparatebuildingsorschools.Thepracticewaspopularbeforethemidtwentiethcentury.Itisoftenadvocatedonthebasisoftradition，aswellasreligiousvalues.Itispracticedinmanypartsoftheworld.

Thereisplentyofproofforthepositiveeffectsofgirlsforstudyinmathsandscience.Thereisalsoproofthatgirlsbenefittheirleadershipandcreativeskilldevelopment.Studiesfoundthatboyscanalsobenefitfromasinglesexenvironment.Theydevelopemotionallyandbeemorecooperative.Teachersatsinglesexschoolsalsounderstandbetterhowtheirstudentslearn.Theyadapttheirteachingstylestothosespecificneeds.

Whenmakingthedecisionofsendingyourchildtoaschool，considerthereputationoftheschool，theactivitiesitoffersandthequalityofeducation.Infact，whetherornotitiscoeducationalshouldbelastonyourlistofconsideration.

5．Coeducationmeanstheeducationof________.

A．singlesexstudentsinthesameschools

B．thesamestudentlearningindifferentschools

C．boysandgirlsinthesameschools

D．studentscooperatingwitheachotherinschools

文章把coeducation和singlesexeducation进行了对比，说明coeducation是有别于singlesexeducation的一种教育形式，即男女学生在同一所学校学习。

6．ThesupportersofsinglesexeducationfavoritmainlyonthefollowinggroundsEXCEPT________.

A．theneedtosecureequalityforwomen

B．thedifferentrolesbetweenboysandgirlsplayinlife

C．traditionaswellasreligiousvalues

D．benefitfromasinglesexenvironment

A　细节理解题。

单性别教育的支持者认为，男女生理和心理有别，社会角色不同（B项），应该分开接受教育，这样既符合社会传统和宗教价值（C项），又有利于学生的发展（D项）。

而A项是主张男女合校的人士的观点，因此答案选A项。

7．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.

A．coeducationdevelopedearlierthanasinglesexeducation

B．acoeducationalschoolhasmoreadvantagesthanasinglesexone

C．singlesexschoolsarebeingfewerintheworld

D．parentsshouldn'

tcarewhetherornottheirchildren'

sschooliscoeducationaltoomuch

D　推理判断题。

根据文章最后一句可知，作者认为家长在为孩子择校时，应该把学校是否男女合校放在最后考虑。

因此答案选D项。

C

Wilderness

“Inwilderness（荒野）isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection：

whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.

AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout，thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild，theuntouched；

morethananythingelse，theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong，andthedangerexploitation（开发）bringstosuchlandscapes（景观）isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests，forexample，storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven，these“ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.

LeeLane，avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute，takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices，suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot，heargues，areasontoavoidallhumanpresence，orindeedmercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth，andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives，ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved，thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials，andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide，theargumentgoes，thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot，initself，acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.

Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther，andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.

Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings，butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.

8．JohnSauvenholdsthat________.

A．manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuch

B．exploitationofwildernessesisharmful

C．wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessities

D．theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong

B　推理判断题。

第二段的最后一句提到JohnSauven认为“生态系统服务”远比开发的利益重要，由引可推断他的观点是开发荒野有害。

9．WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?

A．Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.

B．Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.

C．Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.

D．Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.

C　段落大意题。

本段第二、三句是对另外一种观点的概括，意思是荒野的有益服务不能作为不开发的理由。

10．Whatistheauthor'

sattitudetowardsthisdebate?

A．Objective.　　　　　B．Disapproving.

C．Sceptical.D．Optimistic.

A　作者态度题。

作者在最后两段中并没有直接表明自己的观点，只是“客观”地进行叙述。

11．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

CP：

CentralPoint　P：

Point　Sp：

Subpoint（次要点）　C：

Conclusion

D　文章结构题。

文章第一段提出中心论点；

第二、三两段分别阐述了两种不同的观点；

第四段是作者自己的观点；

最后一段是文章的结论。

D

DianaJacobsthoughtherfamilyhadaworkableplantopayforcollegeforher21yearoldtwinsons：

abinationofsavings，ine，scholarships，andamodestamountofborrowing.Thenherhusbandlosthisjob，andtheplanfellapart.

“Ihavetwokidsincollege，andIwanttosay‘ehome'

，butatthesametimeIwanttoprovidethemwithagoodeducation，”saysJacobs.

TheJacobsfamilydidworkoutasolution：

Theyaskedandreceivedmoreaidfromtheschools，andeachsonincreasedhisborrowingtothemaximumamountthroughthefederalloan（贷款）program.Theywilleachgraduatewith$20,000ofdebt，butatleasttheywillbeabletofinishschool.

Withunemploymentrising，financialaidadministratorsexpecttohearfrommorefamil