定语从句与名词性从句的互换Word格式.docx
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他带我看了他曾经住过地方。
Do
you
date
when
Wuhan
liberated?
(定语从句)
(宾语从句)
你知道武汉是什么时候解放吗?
(3)定语从句与主语从句互换
The
need
more
time.(定语从句)
What
time.(主语从句)
我们所需要是更多时间。
time
they
will
start
out
has
not
been
decided
yet.(定语从句)
When
yet.(主语从句)
他们什么时候动身还没有决定下来。
it
wasn'
quite
clear.(定语从句)
Why
clear.(主语从句)
他为什么做那件事还不很清楚。
lives
known
Where
她住在什么地方,大家还不知道。
二、学习定语从句应注意几个问题
(1)定语从句中关系代词与先行词一致性
定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代先行词单复数保持主谓一致。
例如:
students
who
were
here
just
now
are
from
No,2
Senior
Middle
School.
但注意下列一组句子:
only
one
of
now.
如果"
+复数名词"
后跟有定语从句,一般情况下"
of"
后复数名词为先行词,但当one前有the
only,the
very,just
the修饰时,先行词则为one。
(2)定语从句与强调结构
It
lived
before.
in
第一个句子为定语从句,where指代the
place,在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调in
place,that没有意义,把in
放回后面句子,句子意思完整。
found
lost
watch?
(强调句型,强调疑问副词where)。
watch
yesterday.(定语从句,that指代the
watch)
(3)定语从句与并列结构
two
sons,neither
whom
looks
like
him.
sons,and
neither
them
I'
ve
got
sisters.Both
Shanghai.
第一个句子为定语从句,关系代词whom指代two
sons,在定语从句中作介词of宾语。
第二个句子为并列结构,由并列连词and连接,人称代词them指代two
sons。
第三个为两个独立句子,两个句子中间用句号,两句开头处一个字母都大写。
(4)定语从句与状语从句
books
had
put.
第一个句子为状语从句,where
put
作主句He
地点状语。
第二个句子为定语从句,where引导从句修饰the
place。
such
an
interesting
book
d
read
it.
as
read.
第一个句子为结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中,it指代book,作read宾语。
第二个句子为定语从句,关系代词as指代先行词book定语从句中read宾语。
(5)定语从句中先行词
Is
this
bought
yesterday?
第一个句子中,this
book是主句主语,the
是先行词。
在第二个句子中this是主句主语,the
book是先行词。
一定要避免出现:
(6)定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用,而同位语从句则相当于名词,它对其前面词给予说明或作进一步解释,即说明该词所表示具体内容。
news
heard
true.(定语从句)
won
prize
true.(同位语从句)
另:
在"
have
no
idea+从句"
结构中,其从句都作idea同位语。
idea
be
back.
三、把握定语从句中时空概念
在定语从句运用中,当其先行词表示时间或空间概念时,有些学生很容易想当然地用关系副词when或where引导,而没有具体情况具体处理。
所以,应注意以下几点。
(1)从逻辑意义上讲,只有从句中谓语动词与该先行词构成动状(时间、地点)关系时,才能用when或where引导从句;
或视不同情况以prep.+which代之。
1、
country
where/in
which
Edison
born。
(动状关系)
2、
ll
never
forget
year
when/in
terrible
earthquake
happened.(动状关系)
3、
England
places
settlers
moved
America.(动状关系)
(2)从逻辑意义上看,当从句中谓语动词与该类先行词有主谓关系或动宾关系时,则以which/that或prep.+which引导从句。
4、
Please
follow
custom
which/that
going
visit.(动宾关系)
5、
For
ever
remember
that/which
brought
happy
memory.(主谓关系)
6、
work
Tibet
far
away
Hebei
Province.(主谓关系)
(3)从逻辑意义上讲,当从句中作主语名词与先行词存在所属关系时,则用词whose。
7、
Mr.Gallant
whose
name
Sweden.(所属关系)
8、
Generally,we
refer
tothe
speed
unchanged.(所属关系)
浅述主动式定语从句简化
一、定语从句简化
英语表达方式是相当灵活,为了表达言简意赅,使叙述简洁明快,常用一定语法手段把句子加以简化,定语从句被简化成简单句就是常见一种。
下面简单谈谈主动式定语从句简化几种情况。
(1)定语从句中关系代词为从句主语,其谓语动词是现在进行时,可以用现在分词短语来简化。
man
teaching
us
English
graduated
Hubei
University
three
years
ago.
-->
us...
现在教我们英语老师三年前毕业于湖北大学。
但是,如果定语从句动词之后没有介词作状语时,现在分词常置于中心词之前。
countries
developing
should
get
united.
should...
发展中国家应该团结起来。
(2)把定语从句简化为现在分词短语有以下几个条件。
1、从句动词和主句动作时态一致。
My
father
for
neighbours
here.
...the
living
我父亲过去常给住在这儿邻居干活儿。
2、从句谓语动作可以发生在主句谓语动作之前。
Can
catch
early
bus
leave
at
6:
00
morning?
-->
leaving
at...
你能赶上今天早晨六点钟离开早班汽车吗?
3、从句和主句动词和动作都是泛指。
China
a
belongs
third
world.
...country
belonging
world.
中国是一个属于第三世界发展中国家。
4、从句谓语动作一发生,主句谓语动词动作紧接着发生。
stole
into
bank
caught
immediately
on
spot.
stealing
into...
溜进银行偷窃那个人被立即当场逮住。
(3)如果定语从句中是连系动词be一般现在时或一般过去时,且表语是介词短语,形容词短语或名词短语,可以把它们简化作中心词后置定语。
farmers
fetch
water
river
mile
village.
...a
家民们得从离村子一里路远河里取来水。
N0.14
School
gathered.
No.14
school...
来自十四中学生集合好了。
(4)定语从句谓语是表示程度、时间和方式等副词或副词短语修饰语,可用副词和现在分词(两者之间用连字号)作中心词前置修饰语。
works
hard.
hard-working
man.
这是一位勤奋工作人。
(5)如果定语从句动词是一个普通名词作宾语时,可用名词和现在分词(二者之间须用连字号)作定语来简化。
south
area
grows
rice.
Sorth
rice-growing
area.
(6)定语从句中有一系列并列形容词作表语,可简化成简单句,形容词变成中心词前置定语。
A
person
gentle,lovable
and
familiar
always
easy
along
with.
always...
一位温和,可爱和熟悉人总是容易相处。
(7)如果定语从句谓语动词与中心词有逻辑上动宾关系,动状关系和主谓关系时,可以简化成不定式短语作中心词后置定语。
good
student
with
can
study.
...student
study
他是一位能一起学习好学生。
(8)如果定语从句中有have加宾语被形容词修饰时,可以简化成with短语中心词后置定语,也可以简化成名词加-ed作前置定语。
girl
blue
eyes-->
eyes.-->
a
blue-eyed
girl
二、定语从句典型错误例析
1.【误】The
finger
dipped
cup
my
mouth.
【正】The
【析】上句应由关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,已省去。
因此,从句中宾语it多余。
又如:
【误】Chaplin
last
his
life
Switzerland,where
buried
there
1977
【正】Chaplin
1977.
2.【误】I,who
Chinese,will
do
best
our
country.
【正】I,who
am
【析】定语从句中谓语动词形式应依据先行词人称和数来确定,保持主谓一致。
如:
①Mike
truth.(先行词为students)②Mike
knows
truth.(先行词为the
one)
3.【误】All
done
necessary.
【误】All
【正】All
【析】what不能引导定语从句。
当先行词是不定代词(all,something,anything,nothing,everything等),或先行词受形容词最高级,序数词或last,very等词修饰时,关系代词常用that而不用which。
①This
most
film
seen.②They
asked
him
tell
everything
saw
factory.
4.【误】I
brother
talking.
【正】I
【析】定语从句中,如介词提前,指人时只用whom,指物时只用which:
things
about
Marx
sure
grammar
some
idioms.
5.【误】He
very
looking.
【正】He
who(whom)I
looking
for.
【析】有些定语从句中介词不能提前,如提前,从句动词意义会改变。
take
care
of,look
up,look
forward
to,ask
for,make
up等短语动词均属此列。
6.【误】China
Daily
plenty
advertisements,that
help
cut
costs
making
newspaper.
正】China
advertisements,which
newspaper.
【析】在非限制性定语从句中,指物时用which,不用that.
7.【误】I
can'
persons
met
time.
【析】先行词既有人又有物时,定语从句用that引导。
定语从句误用辨析
1.
factory
visited
week.
2.
Li
Feng
looking.
3.
spoke
Grade
Two.
4.
house
live
small.
5.
Everything
great
interest.
6.
all
borrowed
library.
7.
seen.
8.
Mr
Crosset
talked
remembered
school.
9.
same
bag
yesterday.
10.
His
dog,that
old,became
ill
died.
11.
reasons,why
may
eat
it.
12.
Those
wants
up
your
hands.
13.
boy,his
mother
died,studies
hard.
14.
sisters,both
doctors.
15.
We'
visit
school
there.
16.
captain'
head
soon
appeared
second
storey
windows,from
could
see
nothing
but
trees.
17.
work.
18.
questions
ask
teachers
advice.
19.
new
teacher
come
makes
excited.
20.
As
it,he
American.
辨析:
1、将where改为that或which。
定语从句关系代\副词选择,一看先行词,二看其在从句中成分。
本句中visit是及物动词,which做其宾语。
2、把for放在looking之后,当which做短语动词(即动词和其介词不能分开)宾语时,介词不前置。
3、who改为whom,尽管在口语中who、w