An Analysis of Sisterhood in Toni Morrisons SulaWord格式文档下载.docx

An Analysis of Sisterhood in Toni Morrisons SulaWord格式文档下载.docx

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tobeginwith,sisterhoodplaysanessentialroleinsurvivingandcombatingracismandsexismimposeduponAfricanAmericanwomen;

secondly,sisterhoodcanserveasasolacecompensatingforthelackofmaternalandpaternallove.ChapterFouranalyzesthelimitationsofsisterhoodencompassingthevulnerabilitybeforetheinterventionandcoercionofpatriarchyandthefragilityinfrontofdifferentvaluesmainlycausedbydifferentupbringings.ChapterFiveistheconclusionwhicharguesthatalthoughsisterhoodisfraughtwithcomplexitiesandconflicts,itisstillsignificanttostrengthenfemalesolidarityinthepatriarchalsociety,andthatsisterhoodshouldberegardedasequallyimportantasotherrelationshipsincludingtheman-womanrelationshipandparent-childrelationship.

KeyWords:

Sula,ToniMorrison,sisterhood

摘要

伴随着第二次女权主义运动浪潮的到来，来自发展中国家的有色人种女性开始寻求女性独立与女性团结，越来越多的作家开始在作品中关注有色人种女性。

例如，托妮莫里森就是一位致力于研究非裔美国女性的美国作家，她也是历史上第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女性。

在她的作品中，她还描写了非裔美国社会、文化和历史。

在她发表于1973年的小说《秀拉》中，她主要讲述了两位黑人女性：

秀拉和奈尔的漫长交往和姐妹情谊。

在这本小说发表之前，姐妹情谊很少在文学作品中占主要地位。

因此，本篇论文试图分析《秀拉》这部小说中姐妹情谊的特点、必要性以及局限性，并试图对其存在意义进行深入探索，从而进一步强调妇女团结的重要性。

本论文由五个章节构成。

第一章为引论部分，简述了托妮·

莫里森的生平、《秀拉》的故事情节，介绍了姐妹情谊这一概念，提供了文献综述并概括了论文布局。

其后，第二、三、四章为论文主体。

第二章探讨《秀拉》中姐妹情谊的主要特点：

主导性和复杂性。

第三章探索姐妹情谊的必要性：

首先，姐妹情谊在对抗种族压迫和性别压迫中起到了非常重要的作用；

其次，姐妹情谊可以补偿非裔美国女性生命中父母之爱的缺乏。

第四章分析姐妹情谊的局限性：

第一，姐妹情谊容易受到男权主义社会的入侵和干预；

第二，姐妹情谊往往容易受到不同价值观念的阻碍，女性们可能会因为彼此之间思想和价值观的差异而终止友谊。

第五章为结论部分，简要总结了论文内容：

虽然莫里森笔下的女性情谊存在局限性和脆弱性，但是她仍然对姐妹情谊持乐观态度，并强调在男权社会，姐妹情谊对于维护女性尤其是黑人女性之间的团结起到了至关重要的作用。

关键词：

《秀拉》、托妮莫里森、姐妹情谊

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1AnIntroductiontoToniMorrisonandSula

ToniMorrisonisanAfricanAmericanwriterwhohaswontheNobelPrizeinLiterature.SheenrolledatthehistoricallyblackHowardUniversityin1949andgraduatedin1953withaB.A.inEnglish.Later,shewentontoearnaMasterofArtsfromCornellUniversityin1955.Itwasduringthe1970sthatshehadbegunwringfictionsaspartofaninformalgroupofpoetsandwritersatHowardUniversity.Duringherlife,shehascreatednumerousnotableworksincludingTheBluestEye（1970）,Sula（1973）,SongofSolomon（1977）,TarBaby（1981）,Beloved（1987）,Jazz（1992）,Paradise（1997）,Love（2003）,andHome（2010）.ShewonthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAwardin1988forBelovedwhichwaslateradaptedintoafilmofthesamename.In1993,MorrisonbecamethefirstblackwomanofanynationalitywhowasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.Hercitationreads:

ToniMorrison,“whoinnovelscharacterizedbyvisionaryforceandpoeticimport,giveslifetoanessentialaspectofAmericanreality.”Intermsofthegenre,Morrisonexemplifiescharacteristicsof“postmodernfeminism”byalteringEuro-AmericandichotomiesbyrewritingahistorywrittenbymainstreamhistoriansandbyherusageofshiftingnarrationinBelovedandParadise.

SulaisMorrison’ssecondnovel.ItfocusedontheintimateandcomplexfriendshipbetweentwoAfricanAmericangirls,SulaandNel,alongwithaseriesofstoriesrelatingtolifeanddeath,loveandhatred,inamostlyblackneighborhoodnamedtheBottominOhio.Thestoryischronologicallydivided,startingfrom1910to1965andcoveringthetwoworldwarsandthesecondwaveoffeministmovement.SulaandNel,despitetheirdifferencesinupbringings,becamefiercelyattachedtoeachotherduringtheirchildhoodandadolescenceuntilSula’saccidentallydrowningofChickenLittlemadethemgrowapart.Afterhighschool,Nelchosetomarryandsettleintothetraditionalroleofwifeandmother,whileSulafollowedawildlydivergentpathandlivedanundisciplinedlife.ShortlyafterNel’swedding,SulalefttheBottomforadecadeduringwhichshereceivedcollegeeducationandhadmanyaffairswithwhitemen.AfterreturningtotheBottom,Sulasenthergrandmother,Eva,totheasylumandevenhadanextra-marriageaffairwithNel’shusband,Jude.NelbrokeoffherfriendshipwithSula.JustbeforeSuladiedin1940,theyachievedahalf-heartedreconciliation.In1965,aftervisitingthegraveyardofPeacefamily,NelcriedoutforSula,admittingthatshehadblamedhermiseryonherfriendinsteadofJude.Atthatmoment,sherealizedhowimportanttheirgirlhoodfriendshipwas.

1.2FemaleFriendshipandSisterhood

Theconceptoffriendshiphasexistedsinceancienttime.Carlin（ascitedinHusband,2015,p.17）hasstatedthatAncientGreekphilosopherAristotleandFrenchessayistMicheldeMontaigneinthe16thcenturyfelttruefriendshipcouldexistonlybetweenvirtuousmen.However,women’slongingforfemalefriendshasitsancientoriginaswell.Duringtheperiodwhenmenhuntedandwomennurtured,femalesdevelopedspecialbondstohelpthemcopewithhardshipsanddifficultiesofdoingdailyfieldworkandhousework,fulfillingmotherlyandwifelyresponsibilities,evenenduringsexualandphysicalviolenceandassaults.“Aswomenfacedoppressionandmarginalization,theyfoundwaysofcreatingtheirowncopingmechanismsbydevelopingclosebondswithotherwomen”（Husband,2015,18）.Moreover,theconnectionofAfricanAmericanwomenismorecomplexbecausetheyhaveadualrebellionagainstbothgenderoppressionandracialdiscrimination.Cott（ascitedinHusband,2015,p.18）claimsthatfromthelate18thtothe19thcentury,womeninventednewlyself-consciousandidealizedconceptsoffemalefriendshipsintheformofsisterhoods.

AccordingtotheMerriam-WebsterDictionary（2013）,sisterhoodisthesolidarityofwomenbasedonsharedconditions,experiences,orconcerns.Differentscholarshaveformulatedtheirownperspectivesofsisterhood.InAfricanaWomanism,HudsonWeemsarguesthatsisterhoodmainlyreferstothebondamongAfricanwomen.

“TherehasalwaysbeenbondingamongAfricanawomenthatcannotbebroken—genuinesisterhood.Thesisterlybondisareciprocalone,oneinwhicheachgivesandreceivesequally.Inthiscommunityofwomen,allreachoutinsupportofeachother,demonstratingatremendoussenseofresponsibilityforeachotherbylookingoutforoneanother.Theyarejoinedemotionally,astheyembodyemphaticunderstandingofeachother’ssharedexperiences.”（Hudson,1998,p.65）

Inadditiontothat,Hudson（1998,p.65-66）furtherdefinesthat“sisterhoodrefersspecificallytoanasexualrelationshipbetweenwomenwhoconfideineachotherandwillinglysharetheirtruefeelings,theirfears,theirhopes,andtheirdreams.Enjoying,understanding,andsupportingeachother,womenfriendsofthissortareinvaluabletoeachother.”Besides,D.McBryde（2010,p.39）statesthatthephenomenonofsisterhoodisaculturalconceptthatisuniversalwithintheAfricanAmericancommunity,rootedinslaveryandracism.Thisstudyregardssisterhoodasbothanemotionalrelationshipbetweenwomenandaculturalconceptbasedonfemalesolidaritytocombatracialandsexualoppression.Tosomeextent,“sisterhood”canbeusedsynonymouslywiththeterm“closefriendshipsofwomen”,butitalsoencompassesfeministimplicationsoffightingforfemaleliberationfromracismandsexism.

BecauseitisAfricanAmericanwomenwhofeelthefullimpactsofmarginalization,thetiethatbindsAfricanAmericanwomenunlikeanyothercultureisthissharedhistoricalbackgroundandspiritualacknowledgementinthemidstofsexualexploitation,emotionalabandonment,thelackofeducation,systematicimpoverishment,racialoppressionanddiscrimination.BellandNkomo（ascitedinD.McBryde,2010,p.40）mentionsthereasonAfricanAmericanwomenhaveabondofsisterhoodbystatingthatintheAfricanAmericancommunitystrongsocialnetworksarekeystoemotional,social,andspiritualwellbeing.AfricanAmericanwomenneedsisterhoodtorecognizetheirownvalueanddefinetheirself-worth.Beingabeautifulwomanisusuallycharacterizedasbeingtall,slim,withblondhairandblueeyes,whichisnottheimageofthecoloredwomancharacterizedashavingcoarsehairandover-shapedbody.Therefore,AfricanAmericanwomenneedabondofsisterhoodtoseektheirownvalueanddefinetheirownworth.

“Throughtheseopposingviewsofbeauty,itissuggestedthatanotherreasonAfricanAmericanwomenhaveasharedbondofsisterhoodisbecausethereexistsaconstantneedtodefineone’sself-worththroughbeautyandAfr