孙子兵法中英对照文档格式.docx

孙子兵法中英对照文档格式.docx

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（2）Heaven;

（3）Earth;

（4）TheCommander;

（5）Methodanddiscipline.

道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；

TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler,sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirlives,undismayedbyanydanger.

天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；

Heavensignifiesnightandday,coldandheat,timesandseasons.

地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；

Earthcomprisesdistances,greatandsmall;

dangerandsecurity;

opengroundandnarrowpasses;

thechancesoflifeanddeath.

将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；

TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom,sincerely,benevolence,courageandstrictness.

法者，曲制、官道、主用也。

Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions,thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers,themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy,andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.

凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。

Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral:

hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious;

hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.

故校之以计，而索其情，曰：

主孰有道？

Therefore,inyourdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions,letthembemadethebasisofacomparison,inthiswise:

--

将孰有能？

天地孰得？

法令孰行？

兵众孰强？

士卒孰练？

赏罚孰明？

吾以此知胜负矣。

（1）WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw?

（2）Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability?

（3）WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth?

（4）Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced?

（5）Whicharmyisstronger?

（6）Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained?

（7）Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment?

BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.

将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；

将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。

Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit,willconquer:

letsuchaoneberetainedincommand!

Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounselnoractsuponit,willsufferdefeat:

--letsuchaonebedismissed!

计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。

Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel,availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrules.

势者，因利而制权也。

Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable,oneshouldmodifyone'

splans.

兵者，诡道也。

Allwarfareisbasedondeception.

故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。

Hence,whenabletoattack,wemustseemunable;

whenusingourforces,wemustseeminactive;

whenwearenear,wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway;

whenfaraway,wemustmakehimbelievewearenear.

利而诱之，乱而取之，

Holdoutbaitstoenticetheenemy.Feigndisorder,andcrushhim.

实而备之，强而避之，

Ifheissecureatallpoints,bepreparedforhim.Ifheisinsuperiorstrength,evadehim.

怒而挠之，卑而骄之，

Ifyouropponentisofcholerictemper,seektoirritatehim.Pretendtobeweak,thathemaygrowarrogant.

佚而劳之，亲而离之，

Ifheistakinghisease,givehimnorest.Ifhisforcesareunited,separatethem.

攻其无备，出其不意。

Attackhimwhereheisunprepared,appearwhereyouarenotexpected.

此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

Thesemilitarydevices,leadingtovictory,mustnotbedivulgedbeforehand.

夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；

未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。

多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！

吾以此观之，胜负见矣。

Nowthegeneralwhowinsabattlemakesmanycalculationsinhistemplewherethebattleisfought.Thegeneralwholosesabattlemakesbutfewcalculationsbeforehand.Thusdomanycalculationsleadtovictory,andfewcalculationstodefeat:

howmuchmorenocalculationatall!

ItisbyattentiontothispointthatIcanforeseewhoislikelytowinorlose.

作战第二

II.WagingWar

凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。

则内外之费，宾客之用，胶

漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

Intheoperationsofwar,wherethereareinthefieldathousandswiftchariots,asmanyheavychariots,andahundredthousandmail-cladsoldiers,withprovisionsenoughtocarrythemathousandli,theexpenditureathomeandatthefront,includingentertainmentofguests,smallitemssuchasglueandpaint,andsumsspentonchariotsandarmor,willreachthetotalofathousandouncesofsilverperday.Suchisthecostofraisinganarmyof100,000men.

其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，

Whenyouengageinactualfighting,ifvictoryislongincoming,thenmen'

sweaponswillgrowdullandtheirardorwillbedamped.Ifyoulaysiegetoatown,youwillexhaustyourstrength.

久暴师则国用不足。

Again,ifthecampaignisprotracted,theresourcesoftheStatewillnotbeequaltothestrain.

夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。

Now,whenyourweaponsaredulled,yourardordamped,yourstrengthexhaustedandyourtreasurespent,otherchieftainswillspringuptotakeadvantageofyourextremity.Thennoman,howeverwise,willbeabletoaverttheconsequencesthatmustensue.

故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。

Thus,thoughwehaveheardofstupidhasteinwar,clevernesshasneverbeenseenassociatedwithlongdelays.

夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。

Thereisnoinstanceofacountryhavingbenefitedfromprolongedwarfare.

故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。

Itisonlyonewhoisthoroughlyacquaintedwiththeevilsofwarthatcanthoroughlyunderstandtheprofitablewayofcarryingiton.

善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，

Theskillfulsoldierdoesnotraiseasecondlevy,neitherarehissupply-wagonsloadedmorethantwice.

取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。

Bringwarmaterialwithyoufromhome,butforageontheenemy.Thusthearmywillhavefoodenoughforitsneeds.

国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；

PovertyoftheStateexchequercausesanarmytobemaintainedbycontributionsfromadistance.Contributingtomaintainanarmyatadistancecausesthepeopletobeimpoverished.

近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，

Ontheotherhand,theproximityofanarmycausespricestogoup;

andhighpricescausethepeople'

ssubstancetobedrainedaway.

财竭则急于丘役。

Whentheirsubstanceisdrainedaway,thepeasantrywillbeafflictedbyheavyexactions.

力屈中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；

公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。

Withthislossofsubstanceandexhaustionofstrength,thehomesofthepeoplewillbestrippedbare,andthree-tenthsoftheirincomewillbedissipated;

whilegovernmentexpensesforbrokenchariots,worn-outhorses,breast-platesandhelmets,bowsandarrows,spearsandshields,protectivemantles,draught-oxenandheavywagons,willamounttofour-tenthsofitstotalrevenue.

故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；

□①杆一石，当吾二十石。

Henceawisegeneralmakesapointofforagingontheenemy.Onecartloadoftheenemy'

sprovisionsisequivalenttotwentyofone'

sown,andlikewiseasinglepiculofhisprovenderisequivalenttotwentyfromone'

sownstore.

故杀敌者，怒也；

取敌之利者，货也。

Nowinordertokilltheenemy,ourmenmustberousedtoanger;

thattheremaybeadvantagefromdefeatingtheenemy,theymusthavetheirrewards.

车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者而更其旌旗。

车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

Thereforeinchariotfighting,whentenormorechariotshavebeentaken,thoseshouldberewardedwhotookthefirst.Ourownflagsshouldbesubstitutedforthoseoftheenemy,andthechariotsmingledandusedinconjunctionwithours.Thecapturedsoldiersshouldbekindlytreatedandkept.Thisiscalled,usingtheconqueredfoetoaugmentone'

sownstrength.

故兵贵胜，不贵久。

Inwar,then,letyourgreatobjectbevictory,notlengthycampaigns.

故知兵之将，民之司命。

国家安危之主也。

Thusitmaybeknownthattheleaderofarmiesisthearbiterofthepeople'

sfate,themanonwhomitdependswhetherthenationshallbeinpeaceorinperil.

【注：

】①：

“忌”加“艹”头。

谋攻第三

III.AttackbyStratagem

夫用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；

全军为上，破军次之；

全旅为上，破旅次之；

全卒

为上，破卒次之；

全伍为上，破伍次之。

Inthepracticalartofwar,thebestthingofallistotaketheenemy'

scountrywholeandintact;

toshatteranddestroyitisnotsogood.So,too,itisbettertorecaptureanarmyentirethantodestroyit,tocapturearegiment,adetachmentoracompanyentirethantodestroythem.

是故百战百胜，非善之善也；

不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

Hencetofightandconquerinallyourbattlesisnotsupremeexcellence;

supremeexcellenceconsistsinbreakingtheenemy'

sresistancewithoutfighting.

故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。

Thusthehighestformofgeneralshipistobalktheenemy'

splans;

thenextbestistopreventthejunctionoftheenemy'

sforces;

thenextinorderistoattacktheenemy'

sarmyinthefield;

andtheworstpolicyofallistobesiegewalledcities.

攻城之法，为不得已。

修橹□①□②，具器械，三月而后成；

距堙，又三月而后已。

Theruleis,nottobesiegewalledcitiesifitcanpossiblybeavoided.Thepreparationofmantlets,movableshelters,andvariousimplementsofwar,willtakeupthreewholemonths;

andthepilingupofmoundsoveragainstthewallswilltakethreemonthsmore.

将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。

Thegeneral,unabletocontrolhisirritation,willlaunchhismentotheassaultlikeswarmingants,withtheresultthatone-thirdofhismenareslain,whilethetownstillremainsuntaken.Sucharethedisastrouseffectsofasiege.

故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，

Thereforetheskillfulleadersubduestheenemy'

stroopswithoutanyfighting;

hecapturestheircitieswithoutlayingsiegetothem;

heoverthrowstheirkingdomwithoutlengthyoperationsinthefield.

必以全争于天下，故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也。

WithhisforcesintacthewilldisputethemasteryoftheEmpire,andthus,withoutlosingaman,histriumphwillbecomplete.Thisisthemethodofattackingbystratagem.

故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则分之，

Itistheruleinwar,ifourforcesaretentotheenemy'

sone,tosurroundhim;

iffivetoone,to