职称英语教材卫生类新增内容阅读理解篇Word下载.docx
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20percentdisagreed.ButacloserlookatthesurveyindicatesthatmanyAmericanswhocan'
taffordfinediningstillpreferlargeportions.Seventypercentofthoseearningatleast$150,000peryearprefersmallerportions;
butonly45percentofthoseearninglessthan$25,000wantsmaller.
It'
snotthatworkingclassAmericansdon'
twanttoeathealthy.It'
sjustthat,afterlonghoursatlow-payingjobs,gettinglessontheirplatehardlyseemslikeagooddeal.Theylivefrompaychecktopaycheck,happytosavealittlemoneyfornextyear'
sChristmaspresents.
词汇:
orphann.孤儿
bellyn.肚子
nutritionn.营养
waistlinen.腰围
paycheckn.薪金支票
注释:
1.Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub!
做清盘俱乐部的成员
2.JustthinkaboutthosestarvingorphansinAfrica!
只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!
3.taketoomanybites吃得太多
4.AWaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythegovernment,accordingtoaUSATodaystory.根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事,服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜,其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。
5.It'
sjustthat,afterlonghoursatlow-payingjobs,gettinglessontheirplatehardlyseemslikea
gooddeal.事情是这样的,美国工人觉得做许多个小时低收入的工作下来,盘子里的饭菜量小有点不合算。
练习:
1.ParentsintheUnitedStatestendtoasktheirchildren
Atosavefood.
Btowashthedishes.
Cnottowastefood.
Dnottoeattoomuch
2.WhydoAmericanrestaurantsservelargeportions?
ABecauseAmericansassociatequantitywithvalue.
BBecauseAmericanshavebigbellies.
CBecauseAmericansaregoodeaters.
DBecauseAmericansaregreedy.
3.Whathappenedinthe1970s?
ATheUSgovernmentrecommendedtheamountoffoodarestaurantgavetoacustomer.
BHealthexpertspersuadedrestaurantstoservesmallerportions.
CTheUnitedStatesproducedmoregrainthanneeded.
DTheAmericanwaistlinestartedtoexpand.
4.Whatdoesthesurveyindicate?
AManypoorAmericanswantlargeportions.
BTwentypercentAmericanswantsmallerportions.
CFiftysevenpercentAmericansearn$150,000peryear.
DTwentythreepercentAmericansearnlessthan$25,000peryear.
5.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofworkingclassAmericans?
ATheyworklonghours.
BTheylivefrompaychecktopaycheck.
CTheydon'
twanttobehealthyeaters.
DTheywanttosavemoneyfortheirchildren
答案与题解:
1.C本题问的是:
美国父母总是叫他们的孩子干什么?
文章开头说到,每个美国孩子都能从父母或爷爷奶奶那里听到这样的话,"
吃光你盘子里的东西"
,"
做清盘俱乐部的成员"
。
这些话表达的意思就是不要浪费粮食。
因此C是正确的答案。
2.A本题问的是:
美国饭馆为什么饭菜给得多?
第二段相关的话是这么说的:
美国人在传统上把东西值不值是跟数量联系在一起,因此大多数的饭馆给的量大。
这些饭馆乐于让顾客们抱怨饭菜给得太多而不乐于让他们抱怨饭菜给得太少。
所以A是正确的答案。
3.D本题问的是:
20世纪70年代发生了什么?
文章第三段是这样说的:
一位宾州大学营养教授,BarbaraRolls,告诉《今日美国》20世纪70年代饭馆给的饭菜的量开始增加,与此同时,美国人的腰围也开始增大。
所以D是对的。
4.A本题问的是:
调查报告说明了什么?
选项B、C和D所说的数字不对。
因此唯有A是正确的。
A说的是:
许多美国穷人希望量大。
这个信息可以在第四段中找到。
相关的句子是这么说的:
许多吃不起精美正餐的美国人仍然要量大。
5.C本题问的是:
下面的哪种说法不带合美国工人的实际情况?
C说的是:
他们不想做吃得健康的人。
这个说法是不对的。
最后一段的第一句话是这么说的:
美国工人不是不想做吃得健康的人。
因此C正确。
阅读理解篇2
ProlongingHumanLife
Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeenborn100yearsago.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime.Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notanincreaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.
Prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependencyload.Inallsocieties,peoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkaredependentontherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgatheringcultures,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtodie.Intimesoffamine,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveiftheirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanotherchild.Inmostcontemporarysocieties,peoplefeelamoralobligationtokeeppeoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehaveagreatmanypeopletodaywholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttoworkorareabletowork;
wealsohaveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireatacertainage.Unlessthesepeoplewereabletosavemoneyfortheirretirement,somebodyelsemustsupportthem.IntheUnitedStatesmanyretiredpeopleliveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.Olderpeoplehavemoreillnessthanyoungormiddle-agedpeople;
unlesstheyhavewealthorprivateorgovernmentinsurance,theymustoften"
goonwelfare"
iftheyhaveaseriousillness.
Whenolderpeoplebecomesenileortooweakandilltocareforthemselves,theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditionalcultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathomewhocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursinghomesandconvalescenthospitalshavebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofit-makingorganizations,althoughsomearesponsoredbyreligiousandothernonprofitgroups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsarcgood,mostofthemaresimply"
dumpinggrounds"
forthedyinginwhich"
care"
isgivenbypoorlypaid,overworked,andunder-skilledpersonnel.
dependencyn.依赖性
contemporaryα.现代的
obligationn.义务
insurancen.保险
welfaren.福利
senileαdj.衰老的
graveαdj.严肃的
convalescentαdj.康复的
sponsorv.发起,资助
institutionn.机构
1.Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation:
延长人类生命的结果使得人口的数量有了增加。
句中的prolonginghumanlife是动名词短语。
由动名词短语作句子的主语时,句中动词必须用单数形式。
如:
Collectingstampsishishobby.
2.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeenborn100yearsago:
如果今天活着的很多人生于一百年以前,他们会死于各种儿童疾病。
3.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime:
因为有更多的人寿命更长,所以在任何一个特定的时间里的人也就更多。
4.thedependencyload:
抚养人口数量。
5.Intimesoffamine:
在饥荒年代
6.goonwelfare:
靠福利救济
goon有许多意思,其中的一个意思是"
依靠……过活"
例:
Manypeoplegoonwelfarewhenjobsbecomescarce.
(工作难找时,许多人靠政府救济金过日子。
)
7.graveproblems:
严重的问题
8.convalescenthospitals:
康复医院;
疗养院
9.profit-makingorganizations:
赢利机构
10.dumpinggrounds:
垃圾场
练习:
1.Thewriterbelievesthatthepopulationexplosionresultsfrom
Aanincreaseinbirthrates.
Btheindustrialdevelopment.
Cadecreaseindeathrates.
Dculturaladvances.
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinhuntingandgatheringcultures
Aitwasamoralresponsibilitytokeepold-agedpeoplealive.
Binfantscouldbeleftdeadintimesofstarvation.
Cparentshadtoimparttheculturalwisdomofthetribetotheirchildren.
Ddeathwasconsideredtobefreedomfromhardships.
3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutretiredpeopleintheUnitedStatesistrue?
AManyofthemhaveaveryhardlife.
BTheycannotliveadecentlifewithoutenoughbanksavings.
CTheyrelymainlyontheirchildrenforfinancialsupport.
DMostofthemlivewiththeirchildrenandthereforearewelllookedafter.
4.InParagraph3,thephrase"
thisneed"
refersto
Atheneedtoprolongthelivesofoldpeople.
Btheneedtoenrichthelifeoftheretiredpeople.
Ctheneedtobuildprofit-makingnursinghomes.
Dtheneedtotakecareofasickandweakperson.
5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter'
sattitudetowardmostofthenursinghomes,andconvalescenthospitals?
ASympathetic.
BUnfriendly.
COptimistic.
DCritical.
答案与题解:
1.C第一段最后一句说:
Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notanincreaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.事实上,是由于死亡率的下降,而不是出生率的上升,导数了人口爆炸。
因此,选项C是正确答案。
2.B第二段第四句说:
Intimesoffamine,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveiftheirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanotherchild.在灾年,可能会容忍婴儿死亡,因为,如果他们的父母饿死了,他们也无法生存,而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女。
因此,选项B是正确的答案。
3.A第二段倒数第二句是这么说的:
IntheUnitedStatesmanyretiredpeopleliveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.(在美国,许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活,其数额之小差不多使人穷困潦倒。
)可以看出,在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。
这正是选项A表达的意思,因而选项A是正确的答案。
4.D第三段第三句:
Today,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathomewhocancareforasickorweakperson.(当今,由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学,家里常常没有人来照顾有病或虚弱的人。
)"