大学英语精读第5册15课文全文翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

大学英语精读第5册15课文全文翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

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"

Youcanleadahorsetowaterbutyoucan'

tmakehimdrink”or,morerespectfullyiflessgrammatically:

”Itain’twhatyousay,It'

sthewaythatyousayit."

Hisstudentsmightfeelinclinedtocounterthesewith:

ThemoreIlearn,thelessIknow."

Ofcoursethisisnottrue.Whatbothstudentsandteachersareexperiencingistherecognitionthatthemorecomplexstructuresoneencountersinalanguagearenotasvitaltomakingoneselfunderstoodandsohavealessimmediatefieldofapplication.Forthesamereason,fromtheteacher'

spointofview,selectingwhatshouldbetaughtbecomesamoredifficulttask.Itismucheasiertogetfoodofanykindthantochoosethedishyouwouldmostliketoeatonagivendayfromavastmenu.

Definingtheproblemiseasierthanprovidingthesolution.OnecansuggestthatstudentsshouldspendtwoorthreeyearsinanEnglish-speakingcountry,whichamountstowashingone'

shandsofthem.Fewstudentshavethetimeorthemoneytodothat.Itisoftensaidthatwidereadingisthetimeorthemoneytodothat.Itisoftensaidthatwidereadingisthebestalternativecourseofactionbutevenhereitisnecessarytomakesomekindofselection.Itisnousetellingstudentstogotothelibraryandpickupthefirstbooktheycomeacross.Myownadvicetothemwouldbe:

readwhatyoucanunderstandwithouthavingtolookupwordsinadictionary（butnotwhatyoucanunderstandataglance）;

readwhatinterestsyou;

readwhatyouhavetimefor（magazinesandnewspapersratherthannovelsunlessyoucanreadthewholenovelinaweekorso）;

readtheEnglishwrittentoday,not200yearsago;

readasmuchasyoucanandtrytorememberthewayitwaswrittenratherthanindividualwordsthatpuzzledyou."

Andinsteadof"

read"

Icouldjustaswellsay"

listento."

Myadvicetoteacherswouldbesimilarinaway.Iwouldsay"

It'

snogoodthinkingthatanythingwilldo,orthatalllanguageisuseful.It'

snogoodrelyingonstudentstoexpressthemselveswithouttherighttoolsforexpression.It'

sstillyourdutytochoosethebestpathtofollownearthetopofthemountainjustasitwastoproposeapracticableshort-cutawayfromthebeatentrackinthefoothills.Andifthepathyouchooseistooovergrowntomakefurtherprogress,thewholepartywillhavetogobackandyouwillhavetochooseanotherroute.Youarestillthepaidguideandexpertandthereisawaytothetopsomewhere."

TheFifthFreedom

MorethanthreecenturiesagoahandfulofpioneerscrossedtheoceantJamestownandPlymouthinsearchoffreedomstheywereunabletofindintheirowncountries,thefreedomsofwestillcherishtoday:

freedomfromwant,freedomfromfear,freedomofspeech,freedomofreligion.Todaythedescendantsoftheearlysettlers,andthosewhohavejoinedthemsince,arefightingtoprotectthesefreedomsathomeandthroughouttheworld.

Andyetthereisafifthfreedom-basictothosefour-thatweareindangeroflosing:

thefreedomtobeone'

sbest.St.Exuperydescribesaragged,sensitive-facedArabchild,hauntingthestreetsofaNorthAfricantown,asalostMozart:

hewouldneverbetrainedordeveloped.Washefree?

Noonegraspedyoubytheshoulderwhiletherewasstilltime;

andnoughtwillawakeninyouthesleepingpoetormusicianorastronomerthatpossiblyinhabitedyoufromthebeginning."

Thefreedomtobeone'

sbestisthechanceforthedevelopmentofeachpersontohishighestpower.

HowisitthatweinAmericahavebeguntolosethisfreedom,andhowcanweregainitforournation'

syouth?

Ibelieveithasstartedslippingawayfromusbecauseofthreemisunderstandings.

First,themisunderstandingofthemeaningofdemocracy.TheprincipalofagreatPhiladelphiahighschoolisdriventocryforhelpincombatingthenotionthatitisundemocratictorunaspecialprogramofstudiesforoutstandingboysandgirls.Again,whenagoodindependentschoolinMemphisrecentlyclosed,somethoughtfulcitizensurgedthatitbetakenoverbythepublicschoolsystemandusedforboysandgirlsofhighability,whatithaveentrancerequirementsandgiveanadvancedprogramofstudiestosuperiorstudentswhowereinterestedandabletotakeit.Theproposalwasrejectedbecauseitwasundemocratic!

Thus,coursesaregearedtothemiddleoftheclass.Thegoodstudentisunchallenged,bored.Theloaferreceiveshispassinggrade.Andthelackofanoutstandingcoursefortheoutstandingstudent,thelackofastandardwhichaboyorgirlmustmeet,passesfordemocracy.

Thesecondmisunderstandingconcernswhatmakesforhappiness.Theaimsofourpresent-daycultureareavowedlyeaseandmaterialwell-being:

shorterhours;

ashorterweek;

morereturnforlessaccomplishment;

moresoftsoapexcusesandfewerhonest,realisticdemands.Inourschoolsthisisreflectedbythevanishinghickorystickandtheemergingpsychiatrist.Thehickorystickhaditsfaults,andthepsychiatristhashisstrengths.Buthickorystickhaditsfaults,andthepsychiatristhashisstrengths.Butthetrendisclear.Toutcomprendrec'

esttoutpardoner（Tounderstandeverythingistoexcuseeverything）.Dowereallybelievethatoursofteningstandardsbringhappiness?

Isitoursoundandconsideredjudgmentthatthetoughersubjectsoftheclassicsandmathematicsshouldbethrownaside,assuggestedbysomeeducators,fordoll-playing?

SmallwonderthatCharlesMalik,LebanesedelegateattheU.N.,writes:

ThereisintheWest"

（intheUnitedStates）"

ageneralweakeningofmoralfiber.（Our）leadershipdoesnotseemtobeadequatetotheunprecedentedchallengesoftheage."

Thelastmisunderstandingisintheareaofvalues.Herearesomeofthemostinfluentialtenetsofteachereducationoverthepastfiftyyears:

thereisnoeternaltruth;

thereisnoabsolutemorallaw;

thereisnoGod.Yetallofhistoryhastaughtusthatthedenialoftheseultimates,theplacementofmanorstateatthecoreoftheuniverse,resultsinaparalyzingmassselfishness;

andthefirstsignsofitarealreadyfrighteninglyevident.

ArnoldToynbeehassaidthatallprogress,alldevelopmentcomefromchallengeandaconsequentresponse.Withoutchallengethereisnoresponse,nodevelopment,nofreedom.Sofirstweowetoourchildrenthemostdemanding,challengingcurriculumthatiswithintheircapabilities.Michelangelodidnotlearntopaintbyspendinghistimedoodling.Mozartwasnotanaccomplishedpianistattheageofeightastheresultorspendinghisdaysinfrontofatelevisionset.LikeEveCurie,likeHelenKeller,theyrespondedtothechallengeoftheirlivesbyadisciplinedtraining:

andtheygainedanewfreedom.

Thesecondopportunitywecangiveourboysandgirlsistherighttofailure."

Freedomisnotonlyaprivilege,itisatest,"

writesDeNouy.Whatkindofatestisit,whatkindoffreedomwherenoonecanfail?

ThedayispastwhentheUnitedStatescanaffordtogivehighschooldiplomastoallwhositthroughfouryearsofinstruction,regardlessofwhetheranyvisibleresultscanbediscerned.Weliveinanarrowedworldwherewemustbealert,awaketorealism;

andrealismdemandsastandardwhicheithermustbemetorresultinfailure.Thesearehardwords,buttheyarebrutallytrue.Ifwedepriveourchildrenoftherighttofailwedeprivethemoftheirknowledgeoftheworldasitis.

Finally,wecanexposeourchildrentothebestvalueswehavefound.Byrelatingourlivestotheevidencesoftheages,byjudgingourphilosophyinthelightofvaluesthathistoryhasproventruest,perhapsweshallbeabletoproducethat"

ringingmessage,fullofcontentandtruth,satisfyingthemind,appealingtotheheart,firingthewill,amessageonwhichonecanstakehiswholelife."

Thisisthemessagethatcouldmeanjoyandstrengthandleadership--freedomasopposedtoserfdom.

YourKeytoaBetterLife

Themostimportantpsychologicalofthiscenturyisthediscoveryofthe"

self-image."

Whetherwerealizeitornot,eachofuscarriesaboutwithusamentalblueprintorpictureofourselves.Itmaybevagueandill-definedtoourconsciousgaze.Infact,itmaynotbeconsciouslyrecognizableatall.Butitisthere,completedowntothelastdetail.Thi