英语答案校对和问答题参考答案.docx

英语答案校对和问答题参考答案.docx

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英语答案校对和问答题参考答案

Unit3

判断题第一题和选择题第一题（C选项）貌似矛盾。

。

问答题：

1、WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsoftheBritishconstitutionalmonarchyHowhastheEnglishmonarchyevolvedgraduallytothepresentconstitutionalmonarchy

A:

①theofficialheadofstateisthemonarchywithtraditionalandsymbolicpower.Thegovernmentiselectedbypeopleandgovernsaccordingtotheconstitutionalprinciples.

②Inancienttimes,themonarchyruledthecountryaccordingtotheancientdoctrine“DivinerightofGod”.Atthattime,monarchyhadgreatpower.Inthemedievaltime,whentheKing’sownwealthcouldn’tcoverroyalexpenses,hewouldtrytopersuadetheGreatCounciltogivehimsomeextramoney.

Bythe13thcentury,KingswidentheGreatCounciltoraisemoremoney.Inthisway,theGreatCouncilcametoincludewhoweresummonedbynameandrepresentativesofcommunities.

Thepowerofparliamentbecamebiggerandbiggerovertime.Inthe17thcentury,theCivilWarbrokeoutwhichwasrootedinadisputeofthepoweroftheKingandParliament.TheroundheadsrepresentingtheParliamentdefeatedtheroyalists.ButarestorationtothethronewasachievedbyCharlesⅡin1660.

In1688,theKingagreedtodeclarethatgoverningwithouttheparliamentisillegalintheGloriousRevolution.

In1689,theBillofRightwaspassedbyparliamentwhichmakesuretheKingwouldneverbeabletoignoretheparliament.

2、Howdidthedoctrineofthe“divinerightofking”,accordingtotheauthor,leadtotheCivilWarWhatdoyouknowabouttherevolutionofthe17thcentury

A:

①ItwasheldthatthesovereignderivedhisauthorityfromGodnotfromhissubjects.Sothesovereigncandowhateverhelikes.ButwiththeacquisitionofpowerofParliament,king’spowerwaslimited.TheCivilwarwasrootedinadisputeoverthepowerofthekingandparliament.

②thereweretworevolutionsof17thcentury:

thecivilwarandthegloriousrevolution.

ThecivilwarwasledbytheroundheadsthatrepresentingParliamentdefeatedtheroyalists.Theroundheadssucceededinoustingthemonarchy,CharlesⅠ,in1642andruledfor18yearsbeforethemonarchy,CharlesⅡ,wasrestored.

Thegloriousrevolutionhappenedin1688,whenthekingJamesⅡalsotriedtogovernwithouttheconsentoftheparliament.LeadingpoliticiansandauthoritiesofthechurchaskJames’son-in-lawWilliamofOrange,toreplacehim.Inreturn,Williampromisedtheserepresentativesthathewilldeclarethatgoverningwithouttheparliamentconsenttobeillegal.

In1689parliamentpassedtheBillofRightthatthekingwouldneverbeabletoignoreparliament.

3、WhatisthehistoryofEnglishparliamentWhatroledidtheparliamentplayinthecivilwar

A:

①Thetermwasfirstusedofficiallyin1236todescribethegatheringoffeudalbaronsandrepresentativesfromcountiesandtownswhichthekingoccasionallysummonedifhewantedtoraisemoney.Bythe13thCentury,kingfoundtheycouldnotmaketheendsmeetbyaskingmoneyfromthisquitesmallgroup,andsotheywidenedtheGreatCounciltoincluderepresentativesofcounties,citiesandwasinthiswaythattheGreatCouncilcametoincludeboththosewhoweresummoned“byname”（theHouseofLords）andrepresentativesofcommunities（theHouseofCommons）.ThetwohousesexisttodaycollectivelywecallthemtheParliament.

②Parliamentrepresentsthecommunity,havingnorealpoliticalright,andItwastheefforttoreasserttherightsofParliamentthatledtothecivilwar.

4、DiscussthemajorcharacteristicsandthemaincontentofBritishconstitution

A:

IsraelandBritainaretheonlytwocountrieswithoutwrittenconstitutions.

ThefoundationsofBritishConstitutionarelaidoutin:

①statutelawwhicharepassedbyParliament.②thecommonlaw:

lawswhichhavebeenwrittenthroughcommonpracticeincourts.③conventions:

rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegallybutareneverthelessregardedasvitaltotheworkingofgovernment.

5、WhydoestheauthorsaythatparliamentissupremeintheBritishstateWhatfunctiondoesparliamenthaveWhatroledoestheQueen（king）andPrimeMinisterplayinBritishgovernment

A:

①parliamentcanchangethetermsofConstitutionandtherearenotlegalrestraintsuponit.

②First,Itpasslawswhichisthemostimportantone

Second,Itprovidesthemeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernmentbyvotingfortaxation.

Third,Itscrutinizesgovernmentpolicy,administrationandexpenditure

Fourth,Itdebatesthemajorissuesoftheday.

③TheQueenistheheadofexecutives,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,commanderofchiefofthearmedforces,aconfidantetotheprimeminister.

④theprimeministeristheleaderofthepartywhichwinsthemostsupportersintheCommons.Heformthegovernment.

6、WhatkindofinstitutionisthehouseofLordsWhatroledoesitplayintheBritishgovernment.

A:

①ThehouseofLordsismadeoftheLordsSpiritual（archbishopsandmostprominentbishopsofthechurchofEngland）andtheLordsofTemporal（everyoneelse）

②peersspeakandvoteasindividualsinparliament,notasrepresentativesofthegreatinterestsofthecountry.BecausethehouseofLordsisapartoftheparliament,itmustagreetopassagivenlegislationbeforethelegislationisputintoeffect.（课本40页第四段）

Unit7

1、

（1）Thepurposeofschoolistoprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywilltobecomeactivemembersofsociety.ButthepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystemisalsotosocializechildren.

（2）开放题

2、ThecontroversiesineducationsystemreflectthedeeperdivisionsinBritishsocietyasawhole.Britainisasocietyinwhichsocialclassisstillveryimportant:

classinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy.Ifyouunderstandtheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass,youcanunderstandagreatdealaboutBritishcultureandsociety.

3、

（1）WhentheGermansbegandroppingbombsonBritishcities,750000schoolchildrenwere“evacuated”toliveinthecountrysidewhereitwashopedtheywouldbesafer.Schoolswereclosedorusedforwarpurposesandeducationcontinuedinthecountrysideonanhocbasis.

（2）moreequality

（3）

Theresultwasthe1944EducationActwhichmadeentrytosecondary（middle）schoolsanduniversities“meritocratic”.

Inthe1960s,comprehensiveschoolswereintroducedalloverthecountry,whichendedthedivisionbetweengrammarschools.Entranceexamswereabolishedandschoolswerenolongerallowedtoletchildren“compete”forplaces.

4、Universities,reflectingthetrendthroughouttheeducationsystem,havetraditionallyvbeenratherelitist.Moststudentswerefromthemiddleclasses,attendedgoodschools,performedwellintheirA-levelsandreceivedafully-fundedplaceinauniversity.

5、

（1）TheopenUniversityoffersanon-traditionalrouteforpeopletotakeuniversitylevelcoursesandreceiveauniversitydegree.Peoplecanregisterwithouthavinganyformaleducationalqualifications.Theyfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,videos,residentialschoolsandanetworkofstudycentres.

（2）开放题

Unit9

I.TTFTTFFTTT

II.CDBAACBCAA

III.

1.readingnewspapers

2.national,daily

3.quality

4.theGuardian

5.thetabloid

6.censorship

7.theBritishBroadcastingCorporation

8.BBCOne;BBCTwo

9.Thetabloids

10.TheFinancialTime

11.TheOfficialSecretAct

12.Functions,culture

IV.

1.qualitypapers

oneofthecategoriesofthenationaldailieswhichcarrymoreserious,in-deptharticlesofparticularpolitical,reviewsandfeaturearticlesabouthighculture.Theyarealsoreferredasthe‘’broadsheets’’andtheirreadersaregenerallyawell-educatedmiddleclassaudience.

2.tabloids

asmallformatnewspaperswithcolorphotosandcatchyheadlines.Usuallyinterestedinscandalsandgossipaboutfamouspeople.

3.theTimes

TheTimesbeganpublishingin1785anditistheUnitedKingdom’soldestdailynewspaper.

4.BBC

TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation.Foundedin1927asapublicserviceradiostationandlatermovedintelevision.It’sBritain’mainpublicservicebroadcasterwhichhas2channels.

Questions

1.BecauseformostBritishpeople,mostdaybeginwithalookatthemorningnewspapers.Onanaverageday,90%ofBritonsovertheageof15readanationalorlocalpaper.Andintheevening,mostBritonssettledowntowatchsometelevision:

96%ofthepopulationwatchTVatleastonceaweek.

Theyprovidepeoplewithinformationaboutpoliticalandsocialissues;provideweatherreports;carryadvertising;providepeopleaforumforpeopletoexpresstheirviewsorseekadvice.ButBritishmediaplayanimportantroleinengenderinganationalculture.

2.Britishnewspapercultureisunusualintheextenttowhichclasseducationaldifferencesarereflectedinthenewspaperspeopleread.Althoughmostnewspapersarefinanciallyindependentofpoliticalparties,theyoftenexpressparticularpoliticalviewsandmostpeoplewillchoosetoreadanewspaperwhichaccordswiththeirownfellings.

NewspaperreadinginAmericaisamainlymiddle-classhabit,butinBritainthe“lowerclasses”arealsoregulars.

3.Thereisnoparticularstatecensorship,butmanyBritishlawslimitthefreedomofthepress.ThemediasuchasjournalisalsoaffectedbytheOfficialSecretsActs,alegalactwhichstipulatesthatallgovernmentinformationiskeptsecretunlessthegovernmentsaysitcanbereleased.

4.TheBBCisfundedbylicensefeesandviewersmustbuyalicenseeachyearfortheirTVset.BecausetheBBCisfundedbylicensefees,therearetechnicallynocommercials,althoughbetweenshowstherearetrailersforupcomingshowsandpromotionsforproductsassoci