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ThisarticleexpoundsthespecialskillusingaseriesofsuspenseinRebeccaanditsartisticeffects.Andthen,thenovel’sdesign..
[KeyWords]Rebecca;
suspense;
Manderley;
implications.
【摘要】悬念是一种独特的文学结构形式,其重要特征,用英国戏剧理论家威廉·
阿契尔的话说,就是“预示出一种十分吸引人的事态,却不把它预叙出来.”对于悬念的形成,英国当代小说批评家戴维·
洛奇曾作过精辟的概括,即“提出问题,延缓提供答案”.具体而言,就是突出不同寻常的情境并延缓批露底细,使其呈明显的悬而未决的状态.
达夫妮·
杜穆里埃在《蝴蝶梦》(原名《吕蓓卡》)中充分发挥悬念这一独特的文学结构形式的优势,设置了一系列悬念,这些悬念不仅成为推动故事情节发展的内在动力,而且极大地刺激读者的阅读兴趣,给读者带来了独特的审美感觉.本文从结构上探讨作品别具匠心的悬念艺术,以助于更好的欣赏作品中的悬念。
此外,从创作手法的角度剖析了文中一系列悬念手法产生的非同一般的艺术效果,指出这种手法在全文篇章结构中的重要作用。
【关键词】《吕蓓卡》;
悬念;
曼陀丽;
暗示
1.Introduction
TheEnglishfemalewriter,DaphneduMarriehadbeenamemberoftheRoyalSocietyofLiterature.Shehadwritten17novelsandtriedmorethan20kindsofstylesinliteratureswriting,DaphnelivedinCornwall,acountryontheAtlanticcoast,NorthEngland,foralongtime.Mostofherworkssetbackgroundinthelocalconditionsandcustoms.Asaresult,“CornwallNovel”isgivenasanameforherworks.
BeingdeeplyinfluencedbyGothicNovel,whichisfamousforitsmystery,curiousnessandterror,Daphnewroteherworkswithplotsfulloftwistsandturning.
AnyonewhohasreadRebecca,themostfamousnovelwrittenbyDaphne,willneverforgetthosedismalandconstrainedscenesandhorribleimaginations.However,thespecificfeatureofthisnovelisitsusinglotsofsuspensecarriedthroughthewholestory.Thishasmadeitsplotsintricatebutwell-knitandsoulstirring.
Addtothis,AlfredHitchcockfilmedRebeccain20thcentury,consideredasoneofthewell-knownsuspensefilms.
Suspenseisanimportantskillofwriting.Itisalsoansingulardesignofliteraturewriting.Itsspecialfeature,astheEnglishdramatist,WilliamArchillsaid,“…topredictaveryattractivestateofaffairswithouttellingitout.”[6]
Usually,itsetsforthaquestionandpostponestheanswer.Tobemoreexactly,thatis,tostressamain,unusualsituation.Andthereisenoughtimeandspaceleft.Thereasonofcausingthesituationdoesn’tappearatonce.
Inthisnovel,Rebecca,thereare3levelsofsuspense.
Intheopeningsentencesofthebook,Manderleyisnoticed.Thelinesofdescribingtheheroine’sdreamarefullofmisgivingsandmystic.
“AsIstoodthere,hushedandstill,Icouldswearthatthehousewasnotanemptyshellbutlivedandbreathedasithadlivedbefore.”[4](P7)
“Acloud,hithertounseen,cameuponthemoon,andhoveredaninstantlikeadarkhandbeforeaface.”[4](P7)
“Thehousewasasepulcher,ourfearandsufferinglayburiedintheruins.Therewouldbenoresurrection.WhenIthoughtofManderleyinmywakinghours.Iwouldnotbebitter.”[4](P7)
Then“I”cometotherealityfromdream.“I”amthinkingaboutManderleyandallhappenedinitthatcannothurt.Thesewordshaveputforwardthefirstsuspense,thatis,whatastoryhappenedinsucharuined,barrengarden?
Whois“I”?
Itcatchesreaders’eyesatonce.Therefore,theyarehastenedtogofurtherintothestory,intothestoryaboutmylifeexperienceinManderley.
2.Thefirstlevelofsuspense:
Rebeccaisagoodwifewithbrains,beauty,andbreeding?
!
2.1Phoney
Thisisthemainsuspense,whichgoesthroughthewholestory.Inthestory,theheroineandreadersarementionedtimetotimethatRebeccaisagoodwifewhoisbelovedbyMaxim.
“Mrs.VanHoppersaid’,Helooksill,doesn’the?
Theysayhecan’tgetoverhiswife’sdeath…”[4](P15)
“…TheManderleypartieswerefamouswhenshewasalive,…”[2](P64)
“Thebishop’swifesaid,‘…(Rebecca)shewasaverylovelycreature,sofulloflife.’
‘Shewascertainlyverygifted.Icanseehernow,standingatthefootofthestairsonthenightoftheball,shakinghandswithevery-body,thatcloudofdarkhairagainsttheverywhiteskin,andhercostumesuitedhertoo,Yes,shewasverybeautiful
AndinMrs.Danverseyes,MaximcouldnotlivewithoutRebecca.Afterherdeath,hecan’tgotosleep;
hemovesawayfromthebedroomandtravelsoutforalongtimeinordertogetoverit.
EvenforMaxim’sgrandmother,Rebeccahasmadeagreatfussofher.TheoldladyhasneverforgottenherandasksforRebeccaallthetime.
AlltheseseemsthatRebeccaisakind,generous,elegantwoman,aperfectwife.Peoplearoundthetownknowherwellandallpraiseherevenwhensheisdead.Rebeccahasagiftofsmartness;
shemastersherpower,financesandresourcestorunManderleyintothemostfamousshowplaceinallthecountry.“Sheisdamnablyclever.Noonewouldguessmeetingherthatshewasnotthekindest;
mostgenerous,mostgenerous,mostgiftedpersonintheworld.Sheknewexactlywhattosaytodifferentpeople,howtomatchhermoodtotheirs.Hadshemetyou,shewouldhavewalkedoffintothegardenwithyou,arminarm,callingtoJasper,chattingaboutflowers,music,painting,whateversheknewtobeyourparticularhobby.Andyouwouldhavebeentakenin,liketherest.Youwouldhavesatatherfeetandworshippedher.”[4](P283-P284)ThisisMaxim’sdescriptionofhiswife,Rebecca.
2.2Truth
AndRebeccadoessucceed,orwewouldrathersay,Daphnedoessucceed.Daphneusedpeople’sactionsandwordstosetupsuspense.Infact,Rebeccaisjustcompletelyopposedtheimpressionbeingfelt.ThingsarethatRebeccaisadebauchee.“Shewasvicious,damnable,rottenthroughandthrough.”[4](P283)SheknowsMaxim’sdisadvantageandhasmadegooduseofit.SheknowsthatMaximwillneverstandinadivorcecourtandgiveheraway,havefingerspointingat,mugflung…
Rebeccawouldcursepeople,usingeveryfilthywordinherparticularvocabulary.Rebeccadoeswhatshelikes,shelives,asshelikes.Shesticksabigbruteofhorse,slashingathim,drawingblood,anddiggingthespursintothehorse.ShesitsonthehillsaboveMonteCarlo,laughing,andtearflowersintofragments.Sheislikethedevil.Sheseducesallkindsofman,evenhishusband’sbrotherin-law.Evenwhenshehasgotacancer,sheinveiglesherhusbandintoamurderer!
2.3Hints
Thoughwehaven’tknownthetruthtillChapter21,thewriterhassethints.Whenwefinishreadingwewillbecomeawareofitandlookbackthewholestory.
2.3.1Maxim’sattitude
Yes,firstly,wefindthatMaximdoesn’twelcometopicseitheraboutManderleyorhisdeadwifewhenhefirstappearsinMonteCarlo.WhenMrs.VanHopperpraisesManderleyasafairyland,“…(Maxim)hewentonsmokinghiscigarette,andInoticedfaintasgossamer,thelinebetweenhisbrows.[4](P19)‘Hissilencenowwaspainful.Hisownwordsmusthavejoltedamemoryforhisfacecloudedagainandhefrownedveryslightly.”[4](P20)Allthisindicatesthathehassomethingunhappyhappenedinhishome,Manderley,theremustbesomebittermemory.
Onhiswife,Rebecca,Maximsaysasbelow:
“Allmemoriesarebitter,andIprefertoignorethem.Somethinghappenedayearagothatalteredmywholelife,andIwanttoforgeteveryphaseinmyexistenceupthattime.Thosedaysarefinished.Theyareblottedout.Imustbeginlivingalloveragain.”[4](P43)
“Iwastheresomeyearsago,withmywife.Youaskedmeifitwasstillthesame,ifithadchangedatall.Itwasjustthesame,butIwasthankfultorealizeoddlyimpersonal.Therewasnoquestionoftheothertime.SheandIhadleftnorecord.”[4](P43)
SuchsentencesshowMaxim’sunhappylifewithhisfirstwife—Rebecca.
2.3.2Others’oddmanner
Secondly,Frank’soddmannerwhen“I”talkaboutRebecca;
andBeatrice’sratherdifferentnegativeattitude.Thesilenceisasilencebornofshameandembarrassment.Franksays,“…Wenoneofuswanttobringbackthepast.Maximleastofall.Andit’suptoyou,youknow,toleadusawayfromit.Nottotakeusbackagain.”[4](P141)
Readersmayalittlehesitatewhentheycametothis.WhydoesFranksayso?
Well,isn’tthepastgoodenoughforthem?
Afterall,theirhostessisalmostperfect.Therefore,thecuriositydrivesusgoonreading.Thereseemsamist.Wehaveaneggertolookthroughittothecore.ThatiswhatsuspenseskillusedperfectlybyDaphne.Shegivesusadream,andallofusgetdrowninit.Thegreatwriterhandlesourinquisitivenessskillfully.
2.3.3Rebecca’shandwriting
Rebecca’shandwritinghasgivenusalotofimplications.Itgivesusaninklingth