11Unit5SilentSpringWord格式.docx

11Unit5SilentSpringWord格式.docx

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外语教学研究出版社，2000。

6）JudyPearsall主编，《新牛津英语词典》。

上海：

上海外语教育出版社，1998。

7）丁往道、吴冰等编著，《英语写作手册》。

外语教学与研究出版社。

8）张道真，《现代英语用法词典》（重排本）。

外语教学与研究出版社，1994。

9）张道真，温志达,《英语语法大全》上、下卷。

外语教学与研究出版社，1998。

十一、课后小结

Unit5SilentSpring

PartOneWarm–up

1.1Warm-upQuestions

1.Whatisthemessagegiventousintheessay?

WhatareRachelCarson’smainarguments?

Havetheystoodthetestoftime?

2.Wearefacedwithallkindsofenvironmentalproblemsnowadays.ButwhatistheonethatRachelCarsondealtwithinherbookSilentSpring?

3.Howdochemicalsaffecttheenvironmentandpeople?

4.DoesCarsonmeanthatinsecticidesshouldneverbeusedinagriculture?

1.2Definethefollowingwordsandphrases

1.begearedto

2.introduce…into

3.agreatvarietyof…

4.holdsthwithinbounds

5.built-in

6.check

7.alimiton…

8.setthestagefor

9.explosive（increases）

10.liveon（wheat）

11.a/anotherfactorin…is…

PartTwoBackgroundInformation

2.1RachelCarson（1907-1964）biologist,writer,ecologist

1.intenselovefornaturesinceherchildhood→

“Humanshavenowacquiredafatefulpowertoalterandtodestroynature.ButManisapartofnature,andhiswaragainstnatureisinevitablyawaragainsthimself.”

―RachelCarson

Shewasoncebitterlyattacked:

“ananti-humanitariancrank,apriestessofnature,andahystericalwoman”

Butshecourageouslywentonfightinguntilherideacaughtonandmoreandmorepeoplejoinedin.

→themotherofmodernenvironmentalmovement

Aboutthebook:

1.Whenwasitpublished?

2.Whowastheauthor?

3.Whatisitabout?

Whatisitscentralargument?

4.Howwasitreceived?

5.Howsignificantisitnow?

6.Doesitstillmakesensenow?

PartThreeTextAppreciation

3.1TextAnalysis

1.Questionsforthinking:

a.WhatcanyouinferaboutCarson’sviewoftherelationbetweenmanandnature?

b.Washerviewcommoninhertime?

c.Howdoyouarriveatthisinference?

3.1.2Structureofthetext

PartI:

paras.1-6

atownbefore&

afterthedisaster

PartII:

paras.7-9

causeofthedisaster:

chemicals

PartIII:

paras.10-14

character&

impactofman’stamperingwithnature

PartIV:

paras.15-18

reasonswhypesticidesfailtosolvethepestproblem

PartV:

paras.19-24

causeofmodernpestproblemandpossiblesolutions

PartVI:

para.25

conclusion

Logic&

Technique

What:

frominteresttoconcerndescription

How:

fromgeneraltospecificexposition

fromnaturetoman

Why:

fromeffecttocauseargumentation

fromcausetosolutionexposition&

argumentation

Relevantquestions:

1.WhydidCarsondevoteawholeparagraphtodescribethespreadingofspeciesinnaturebeforeshementionedman’sroleintheprocess?

2Didshealwaysfirstdescribethemechanismsinnaturebeforetalkingaboutman’stamperingwithnature?

3.Whydidshepresentherideasinthisway?

What’sherhiddenargument?

3.1.3DetailedAnalysisofthetext

MainIdea

Contrast:

atownbefore&

BeforeAfter

ColorColor

SoundSound

MotionMotion

Overallimpression:

Overallimpression:

vibrant,lifeless,

harmonious,deserted,

beautifulawful

Discussion

1.Whydidtheauthorpaintsuchabeautifulpictureofanon-existenttown?

2.Whatwasshetryingtoappealto?

Discussion

1.Howhasmanchangedtherelationbetweenorganismsandtheirsurroundings?

HumanNature

Direction:

Direction:

life→environmentenvironment→life

Speed:

Speed:

Character:

destructiveCharacter:

adaptative

irrecoverable

2.Inwhatwayhasman’spowerchangedincharacter？

（para.11）

3.Howdochemicalsaffectourlife?

（para.11）

“passingfromonetoanother

inachainofpoisoninganddeath”

4.Whatarethetwoexamplesgivenbytheauthorasman’stamperingwithnature?

（paras.11-13）

5.Whyisman’schangeoftheworldparticularlydevastating?

（paras.12-14）

1.Whyarepesticidesnotagoodsolution?

（3reasons）

Theykillindiscriminately,reducingbiodiversity.（para.16）

Theycontaminatetheentireenvironment.（para.16）

–residualeffect

Theycouldn’tsolvethepestproblem.（para.17）

–resistancetochemicals

–resurgenceinducedbypesticides

2.Whatdoesthe“endlessspiral”referto?

（para.17）

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“alllifeiscaughtupinitsviolentcrossfire”?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsman’suseofchemicals?

Howisitimplied?

Rhetoricalquestions:

“Cananyonebelieveitis…?

”（para.16）

“Howcouldintelligentbeings…?

”（para.18）

1.Whatprinciplesshouldwefollowtosolvethepestproblem?

（para.19）

2.Howdidthepestproblemcomeintobeing?

intensificationofagriculture（para.20）

invasionofimportedspecies（paras.21-23）

3.Doesspreadingoforganismstonewplaceshappeninnature?

Howdoesithappen?

Whatistheprimaryfactorinthisnaturalprocess?

geologicalelement,i.e.separatingandrejoiningoflandswhichtookmillionsofyearstocomplete（para.21）

4.Whatarethesensiblemeasurestosolvethepestproblem?

（para.24）

toavoidsuppressing“pests”

togetmoreknowledge

topromoteanevenbalance

5.Inwhatwayshavewedonewronginusingchemicals?

3.2WritingDevices

1.Whatisgoodwriting?

Hermeasured,carefully-worded（language）yetpassionateprose（passion,love）wasallthemoredamningbecauseshe,herself,wasascientist（ideas;

information）.

2.Howcanwewritewithpowerandprecision?

2.1Eloquence

Parallels

…untiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.（para.11）

…tostillthesongofbirdsandtheleapingoffish,tocoattheleaveswithadeadlyfilm,andtolingeroninsoil…（para.16）

Rhetoricalquestions

Cananyonebelieve…?

（para.16）

Howcouldintelligentbeings…?

（para.18）

Antitheses:

（juxtapositionofcontrastingideasinonegrammaticalstructure）

Therapidityofchangefollowstheimpetuouspaceofmanratherthanthedeliberatepaceofnature.（para.13）

…thisimaginedtragedymayeasilybecomeaharshrealityweallshallknow.（para.8）

2.2Precision

Qualifyingexpressions:

Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsofthe

earth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeen

moldedbytheenvironment.（para.10）

Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable.（para.11）

Andeventhis,wereitbysomemiraclepossible,wouldbe

futile.（para.14）

Specialverbs:

n.–v.:

flame,coat,lineadj.–v.:

still,brown,damp

3.3SentenceParaphrase

1.TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoliveinharmonywithitsurroundings.

OnceuponatimetherewasatowninthecentralpartofAmericawherealllivingthingsseemedtoexistpeacefullywiththeirenvironment.

2.Inautumn,oakandmapleandbirchsetupablazeofcolorthatflamedandflickeredacrossabackgroundofpines.

Inautumn,theoak,mapleandbirchtreesturnedyellow,redorbrown,makingabeautifulshowofcolorsagainstthedarkgreenofpinetrees.

3.Thensomeevilspellsettledonthecommunity:

mysteriousdiseasesswepttheflocksofchickens;

thecattleandsheepsickenedanddied.

Then,asifbysomeevilpower,diseasestruckthecommunity:

strangediseasesquicklystruckdownlargenumbersofchicken;

thecattleandsheepbecameillanddied.

4.Thefeedingstationsinthebackyardsweredeserted.

Nobirdscametoeatordrinkwhatwasthereatthefeedingstations.

5.Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbed（有规律地颤动）withthedawnchorusofscoresofbirdvoicestherewasnownosound;

Themorningairusedtovibratewiththesingingofbirds,buttherewasnownosound…

6.aharshrealityweallshallknow.

someseriousconsequencethatweallhavetoface

7.Thisbookisanattempttoexplain:

Thisbook,SilentSpring,intendstoexplainwhathascausedthedisastersinmanytownsinAmerica.

8.ahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings

ahistoryofhowlivingthingsandtheirenvironmentaffectandrelatetoeachother.

9.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.

Thephysicalfeaturesandhabitsofthelivingthingsonearthhavebeengreatlyshapedbytheirsurroundings.

10.Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.

Whenwethinkofthelonghistoryoflifeonearth,thedegreelivingthingsaffecttheirenvironmenthasbeeninsignificantascomparedwiththeeffectoftheenvironmentonplantandanimallife.

11.butithaschangedincharacter

butthenatureofthispowertoaltertheenvironmenthaschanged.

12.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable.

Inmostcases,thepollutedair,soil,riversandtheseacannotberestoredtotheiroriginalnaturalstate.

13.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeandcombineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.

Ortheygetdeeperintoundergroundstreams,undergosomechemicalprocesssomewhere,andthenbecomenewsubstancesthatcontaminatewells,killplantsand