年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类Word文件下载.docx
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shiddenintrees.
C.It'
scoveredwithwax.
D.It'
shardtorecognize.
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章第一段“Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.”可知B正确。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
61.Whatdothewords"
thefollower"
inParagraph2referto?
A.Abee.B.Abird.
C.Ahoneyseeker.D.Abeekeeper.
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章中“InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.”可推知：
跟在honeyguide后面的是：
peopleandanimals，而他们统称为honeyseeker（寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们）。
【考点定位】考查判断推理。
62.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway________.
A.itgetsitsfood
B.itgoestochurch
C.itsingsintheforest
D.itreachesintobees'
nests
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章的最后一段可知：
Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.科学家们都不知道为什么honeyguide对蜂蜡感兴趣，当然他们获得蜂蜡的方式也更加特别。
63.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.WildBees
C.BeekeepinginAfrica
B.WaxandHoney
D.Honey-Lover'
sHelper
【答案】D
【解析】文章通篇都在叙述有关Honey-Lover'
sHelper的事情，第一段通过叙述引出Honey-Lover'
sHelper中心词；
第二段叙述Honey-Lover'
sHelper获取蜂蜡是过程；
第三段科学家们对Honey-Lover'
sHelper的感到迷惑。
【考点定位】考查文章的标题总结。
2.【2012全国II】
（A）
Coldweathercanbehardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter（住所）astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.
Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou’recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.
Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet’swater.Sometimesownersdon’trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan’tgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdon’thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.
【解析】根据第二段中的“Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou’recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.”可知：
当你感到冷的时候就会进房间，它们也是如此。
所以A正确。
43.Ifpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweather,theymay___.
A.runshortofcleanwaterB.digdeepholesforfun
C.dirtythesnownearbyD.getlostinthewild
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章第三段中的“awaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan’tgetanythingtodrink”可知，当水盆被冻之后，宠物就可能找不到干净的水喝。
故选A。
44.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?
A.Tosolveaproblem.B.Togivepracticaladvice.
C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.
【答案】B
【解析】根据第一段的中心句“Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.”可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是为了给养宠物的人们一些实用的建议。
【考点定位】考查作者的写作意图。
（B）
Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.
First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?
Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?
”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.
Let’sstartwiththewindblowingfromthebehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°
angle（角度）totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.
Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°
angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap（摆动）.Itshouldn’tlooklikeonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.
Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.
文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识，进行帆船运动必须掌握风向，风向决定着帆船的运动速度。
后文分别就顺风行驶、侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述。
45.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?
A.Sailors’strength.B.Wavelevels.
C.Winddirections.D.Sizeofsails.
【答案】C
【解析】根据第二段中的“First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?
Isitcom
48.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?
A.Inapopularmagazine.B.Inatouristguidebook.
C.Inaphysicstextbook.D.Inanofficialreport.
【解析】帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动，因此，本文很可能从流行杂志中节选。
【考点定位】考查推理判断。
3.【2012陕西卷】
C
Eatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:
theairyoubreathe.
Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure（暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblem,buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke（中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants（污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）considerstobeof“moderate”（良好）qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.
Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.
53.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween.
A.heartproblemsandairqualityB.heartproblemsandexercising
C.heartproblemsandsmokingD.heartproblemsandfattyfood
54.Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.
A.relativelyhighB.extremelylow
C.relativelylowD.extremelyhigh
55.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.
B.TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.
C.Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking,
D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.
56.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto.
A.informB.persuadeC.describeD.entertain
CC8[2012陕西卷]
【要点综述】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪，缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。
53【答案与解析】A主旨大意题。
根据本文主题句——第一自然段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A。
54【答案与解析】C词义猜测题。
modest原意是：
谦虚的，温和的，由此可以推断出本文中其意思是：
相对较低的，选C。
55【答案与解析】D事实细节题。
根据最后一句可知本题选D。
56【答案与解析】A写作意图题。
本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故本题选A。
4.【2012四川卷】
E
Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted（预测）inreactiontoclimatechange,whichcouldhavelongdamagingeffectsonfoodchainsandecosystems.
Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld,changingsomelivingpatterns,scientistssay.
Increasedcarbondioxide（CO2）intheairfromburningcoalandoilcanhaveaneffectonhowplantsproduceoxygen,whilehighertemperaturesandchangeablerainfallpatternscanchangetheirpatternsofgrowth.
“Predictingspecies’reactiontoclimatechangeisamajorchallengeinecology,”saidtheresearchesofseveralU.S.universities.Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.
Thestudy,publishedontheNaturewebsite,usesthefindingsfromplantlifecyclestudiesandexperimentsacrossfourcontinentsand1,634species.Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestimated（低估）thespeedoffloweringby8.5timesandleafingby4times.
“Acrossallspecies,theexperimentsunder-predictedthespeedoftheadvance—forbothleafingandflowering—thatresultsfromtemperatureincreases,”thestudysaid.
Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredicthowplantswillreacttoclimatechange,itsaid.
PlantsarenecessaryforlifeontheEarth.Theyarethebaseofthefoodchain,usingphotosynthesis（光合作用）toproducesugarfromcarbondioxideandwater.Theyletoutoxygenwhichisneededbynearlyeveryorganismontheplanet.
Scientistsbelievetheworld’saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.
Sofar,effortstocutemissions（排放）ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangea
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