年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类Word文件下载.docx

1、s hidden in trees.C. Its covered with wax.D. Its hard to recognize.【答案】B 【解析】根据文章第一段“Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。【考点定位】考查细节理解。61. What do the words the follower in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A bee. B. A bird. C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper.【答案】C

2、【解析】根据文章中“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.”可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是：people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker（寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们）。【考点定位】考查判断推理。62. The honey guide is special in the way_. A. it gets its food B.

3、it goes to church C. it sings in the forestD. it reaches into bees nests【答案】A 【解析】根据文章的最后一段可知：Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.科学家们都不知道为什么honey guide对蜂蜡感兴趣，当然他们获得蜂蜡的方式也更加特别。63. What can be the best title for the text?

4、A. Wild BeesC. Beekeeping in AfricaB. Wax and HoneyD. Honey-Lovers Helper【答案】D【解析】文章通篇都在叙述有关Honey-Lovers Helper的事情，第一段通过叙述引出Honey-Lovers Helper中心词；第二段叙述Honey-Lovers Helper获取蜂蜡是过程；第三段科学家们对Honey-Lovers Helper的感到迷惑。【考点定位】考查文章的标题总结。2.【2012全国II】（A）Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be har

5、d on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter （住所） as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are t

6、hings you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a

7、 warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter

8、of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.【解析】根据第二段中的“If you have

9、to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.”可知：当你感到冷的时候就会进房间，它们也是如此。所以A正确。43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may _. A. run short of clean water B. dig deep holes for fun C. dirty the snow nearby D. get lost in th

10、e wild【答案】A【解析】根据文章第三段中的“a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink”可知，当水盆被冻之后，宠物就可能找不到干净的水喝。故选A。44. What is the purpose of this text? A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice. C. To tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result.【答案】B【解析】根据第一段的中心句“There a

11、re things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.”可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是为了给养宠物的人们一些实用的建议。【考点定位】考查作者的写作意图。（B）You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules abou

12、t the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the win

13、d and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90 angle （角度） to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outsid

14、e the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap （摆动）. It shouldnt look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail

15、will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识，进行帆船运动必须掌握风向，

16、风向决定着帆船的运动速度。后文分别就顺风行驶、侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述。45. What should you consider first while sailing? A. Sailors strength. B. Wave levels. C. Wind directions. D. Size of sails.【答案】C【解析】根据第二段中的“First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it com48. Where can you probably find the text? A. In a

17、popular magazine. B. In a tourist guidebook. C. In a physics textbook. D. In an official report.【解析】帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动，因此，本文很可能从流行杂志中节选。【考点定位】考查推理判断。3.【2012陕西卷】CEating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can

18、 cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure （暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke （中风）within as little as a few hours aft

19、er exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants （污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Enviro

20、nmental Protection Agency （EPA） considers to be of “moderate” （良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest

21、compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality

22、 but could also become necessary to protect public health.53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between . A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food54. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most prob

23、ably means .A. relatively high B. extremely lowC. relatively low D. extremely high55. What can we learn from the text? A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking,D. Stricter regulation

24、s on pollutants should be made.56. The authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to . A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertainC C8 2012陕西卷【要点综述】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪，缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。53【答案与解析】A 主旨大意题。根据本文主题句第一自然段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的

25、关系，选A。54【答案与解析】C 词义猜测题。modest原意是：谦虚的，温和的，由此可以推断出本文中其意思是：相对较低的，选C。55【答案与解析】D 事实细节题。根据最后一句可知本题选D。56【答案与解析】A 写作意图题。本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故本题选A。4.【2012四川卷】EPlants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（预测）in reaction to climate change, which could have long d

26、amaging effects on food chains and ecosystems. Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say. Increased carbon dioxide（CO2）in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce o

27、xygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth. “Predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researches of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their re

28、action to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services. The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估）the speed of

29、 flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times. “Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance for both leafing and flowering that results from temperature increases,” the study said. The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants

30、 will react to climate change, it said. Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis（光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet. Scientists believe the worlds

31、 average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979. So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this century a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changea