Alevel 课程资源Word文件下载.docx

Alevel 课程资源Word文件下载.docx

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sectionone-advice;

sectiontwo-wordpower;

sectionthree:

examinationpractice.

Sectionone:

TheGPtestsbothyourmaturityoflanguageandyourmaturityofthought.Thetwoareasareobviouslycomplementary.Inaddition,bothabilitiesaredevelopmental---youcannotcramforG.P.inthesamewaythatyoucan“burnthemidnightoil”,doingdesperatelast-minuterevisionforcontent-basedsubjects.Instead,youmustadoptaconscientious,consistentandcontinuousapproachtoensuresteady,gradualimprovement.Youmustrealizethatsuchastrategyrequiresperseverance---therearenomiracleovernightcuresforimprovingyourlanguageskillsorincreasingyourdepthandrangeofthought.Aswellasbeingpersistent,youalsoneedtoproactiveandpurposefulinordertoimproveyourcommandofEnglish,increaseyourawarenessofcurrenteventsandenhanceyourappreciationofimportantissues.

Belowisalistofgoodhabitsthatyoushouldpracticeeveryday.

●ListentoBBCWorldServicenewsontheradioeverymorning.

●WatchthenewsinEnglishontelevision

●SubscribetoEnglishnewspapersandcurrentaffairsmagazines（eg.TIME,Newsweek）

●Takeanactiveinterestinworldeventsandtopicalissues.

●SpeakEnglishwheneverandwhereveritisappropriate.

●Buyanduseagooddictionary.

●Compileavocabularylistofnewandusefulwords.

●KeepascrapbookofnewspaperandmagazinearticlesrelevanttoG.P..

Finallydonotbediscouragedifyourperformancedoesnotimproveimmediately---yourpersistenceanddiligencewillberewardedeventually.

Unite1.Malapropisms

Unite2.Littlewordmeanalot.

Absolutedictators:

byabsoluteadj.andadv.,Imeanthoseroughcharacterswhichallowno“buts”oor“maybes”.suchwordsarenotrelativeormeasurablebycomparisonwithotherthingsbutaretotalandunconditional.Hereareafewtowatchoutfor.

All,greatest,none,best,never,worst,always,completelyonly,totally.

Eg.Musicismerelyforrelaxation.”Doyouagree?

Here,theabsoluteadvismerelywhichisnomorethanacraftilydisguisedsynonymforonlyorsolely.Obviously,thestudentcannotsitcomfortablyonthefencehere;

hehaseithertoagreeordisagreewiththestatement.Thesensiblethingtosoistodisagree,sincemusicisnitexclusivelyforrelaxation（consider,forinstance,itsroleinreligiousritualsanditsaesthetic,culturalandsocialfunction.）therefore,evenifyoufeelthatmusic’smainorprimarypurposeisforrelaxation,youstillcannotjustifiablyagreewiththestatementgiventheunqualifiedwayinwhichitisput.

Theproblemhereisthatmanystudentsarefrightenedtoresponseinabsoluteterms（eg.Withadefiniteyesorno）incasetheyarewrong.Manyprefertohedgetheirbetsbyusingtheinfamousphrasetocertainextent.Whilstthereisnothingwrongwiththisphraseinitself.Thepointisthatitcannotbeappliedtosuchessays.Thisisnotaquestionofopinion:

itisaquestionoflogic.Logicallyspeaking,itisimpossibletoagreeonlypartlywithquestionssuchas:

Shouldallformsofgamblingbecompletelybanned?

Warhasneverbeenjustified.Doyouagree?

Thepoorwillalwaysbewithus?

Whatisyourview?

Theseareputinsuchawaythatyouhavetoberestrictedtoabrief“yes”or“no”:

itdoesharm,however,thatyoumustmakeyourpositionclearinitially.Afterthis,youcanproceedtoexpand,explainandjustifyyourstance.Here,forexample,isanacceptableopeningparagraph:

Musicismerelyrelaxation,doyouagree.

Althoughmodernmusicisadmittedlylistenedtobythemajorityofpeopleforthepurposeofrelaxation,Icannotagreethatthisisitssoleorevenprimaryfunction,asidefromjustrestingthebodyandsoothingthemind,musiccanstimulate,evaluate,enrichandinspiretheindividuallistener.Onasocietallevel,musichasalsoplayedanintegralroleinman’saesthetic,culturalandreligiouslifesciencethedawnofhistory.

Intherestoftheessay,youcandelineateparticularareasinwhichmusicisplayedforpurposesotherthanpurerelaxation（eg.Atceremonies/rituals）andgivespecificexamplestoillustrateeachone.

Inyourconclusion,youmaywanttoreiterateyourstand.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyoushouldmerelyrepeatwhatyouhavesaidearlier;

thiswouldbebothboringandredundant.Youcan,however,emphasizeyourmainpointthatwhilstyouacknowledgethatmusicispopularlyplayedforrelaxation,youhavedemonstratedthatitisnotemployedpurelyforsuchapurpose---indeed,ifsuchwerethecase,musicwouldnothavesuchacentralandsignificantroleinboththelifeoftheindividualandthehistoryofmankind.

Unite4ofFrankensteinandfences

“Letusadvanceworryingbecomeadvancethinkingandplanning”WinstonChurchill

Alogicalpath

Beforeweexaminethefivestagesofessayplanning,itisimportanttorealizethatallgoodplansarestructuredonlogicalprinciples.Thecontentofyouressaymustbeselectedbasedonitsrelevance,organizedaccordingtoitsnatureandorderedtoproduceaconsistentandcoherentargument.Unlessyouuselogicateverystageofthisprocess,yourfinalplanwillnotbesound.

Afive-fencedcourse

Planningisafive-fencedcourseandyoumustsuccessfullyeachhurdleinitspropersequencetowintherace.

Fenceone---AppreciateEssayRequirements

Ifyoufailtounderstandthequestion,youcannotgivearelevantreply.Manystudentsfallatthisfirstfencebecause,althoughtheyidentifythegeneraltopic,theyfailtolocatethefocusoftheessay.

Take,forinstance,thequestion.

Theprimarypurposeofeducationshouldbeenablepeopletogainemployment.Doyouagree?

Heremanystudentseithermakethemistakeofwritingageneralessaydescribingtheimportantrolethatitplaysinpreparingpeoplefortheworldofwork.Bothapproachesfailtoanswerthequestion,whichisaskingwhethersuchtrainingisthemostimportanttaskofeducation:

ifso,why?

Ifnot,whynot?

Thisrequiresnotonlyadiscussionoftheotherpurposesofeducationbutalsoananalysisoftheirrelativevaluecomparedtopreparationforemployment.Ifyoudisagreewiththeproposition,youwillhavetofocusonadifferentroleorroleswhichyouconsidertobemoreimportantandjustifyyourselection.

Whereappreciationofessayrequirementisconcerned,itisalwaysagoodideatomentallyrephrasetheessayinyourownwordstoclarifyyourinterpretationandensurethatyoufullyunderstanditsvariousdemandsandimplications.

E.g.1Doyouagreethatifpeoplearepooritislargelytheirfault?

Paraphrase:

isittruethatpeoplemostlymainlyhavethemselvestoblameiftheyarepoor?

E.g.2Aworldwithoutracialconflictisanimpossibledream,doyouagree?

nomatterwhatwedo,willtherealwaysbehostilitybetweendifferentracesormightiteventuallybepossibletoliveincompleteharmony?

Fencetwo---GeneratePoints

Onceyouhaveappreciateessayrequirements,youhavetouseGPpoweryouneedhere,however,istheabilitytogeneratepoints.Thisinvolvesbrainstormlistfortheverystraightforwardexpositoryessayquestion:

Howcanweindividualsbecomemorehealthy?

Regularexercise

Workout（duration/intensity）

Eattherightfood

Stressmanagement

Proteins

Jogging

Stayhealthy

Donotsmoke

Leisuretime

Nofats

Donotdrink

Regularmedicalcheckups

Safesex

Vitamins

Avoidunhealthythings

Keepclean

Moderationinallthings

Comprehensiveexercise

Avoidalcohol

Watchweight

Balanceddiet

Governmentshouldhavecampaigns

R.D.A.（recommendeddailyallowance）

Cardiovascularfitness

Minerals

Relaxationtechniques

Seeapsychiatrist

Joinahealthclub

Additives

Fiber/roughage

Nutrition

Nodrugs

Education/awareness

Immunization

Carbohydrates

Timemanagement

Youwillseethat:

a.somepointsarebetterthanothersbothintermsofrelevanceandrelativeimportance.

b.Thelistisinnoparticularorder,eitherintermsofcategoryorpriority.

c.Somepointsoverlaporaresubsectionsofmoregeneralcategory（e.g.eatingtherightfood/roughage/vitamins）

d.Somepointsarerepeated（e.g.“avoidalcohol/donotdrinkandeat”）

e.Somepointsareeithervaguelyorpoorlyphrased（e.g.“hygiene”wouldbeabettersubstituteforkeepclean”）

f.Somepointsareirrelevant.

Fencethree---Select

Yourjobmowisreviewyourbrainstormandselectthepointsyouwanttokeep.Selectionalsoinvolvesrejection---youhavetodecidewhattothrowoutaswellaswhattoretain.

Exercise:

whichpointsinthepreviousbrainstormlistwouldyouwanttothrowoutandwhy?

Thepointsthatcouldbethrownoutare:

1.stayhealthy

2.avoidunhealthythings

3.governmentshouldhavecampaigns

4.seeapsychiatrist

5.donotdrink

6.eatrightfood

thefirstpointmerelyrepeatstheoverallpurposeofexercise,whilstthesecondonlystatestheobviousinthemostgeneralandunhelpfulway.

Pointsthreeandfourarebothirrelevantindifferentways---whatthegovernmentshoulddoisnotthesameaswhattheindividualcandoandregularvisitstothepsychiatristarehardlysomethingthatanaveragepersonneedstopayaspartofanormalhealthprogramme.

Pointsfiveandsix,aswehavementionedearlier,arestraight（butmoreclumsilyexpressedrepeatsofavoidalcoholandbalanceddietrespectively.）

Fencefour---Organize

Manystudentsdosplendidlyintheraceuntiltheyreach