中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料docWord格式文档下载.docx

中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料docWord格式文档下载.docx

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狮子是唯一雌雄两态和群居的猫科动物，生活于开阔的草原疏林地区或半荒漠地带。

·

Warm-up

HaveyoueverseenthemovieTheLionKing?

Doyouknowhowlionsliveinthewildin

reality?

Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread

Howdoestherearingoflioncubsgoaccordingtothetext?

ContentVocabulary

1.rearingn.theprocessofhelpingsomeonegrowuptobeanacceptedmemberofthecommunity抚养

2.littern.agroupofanimalsborntothesamemotheratthesametime一窝（动物的幼崽）

3.cheetahn.awildanimalthatlookslikealargecatwithblackspotsonitsbody猎豹

4.leopardn.alargefelinelivinginAfricanandAsianforests,usuallyhavingatawnycoatwithblackspots豹

5.hyenan.awildanimallikeadogandeatsthemeatofanimalsthatarealreadydead鬣狗

6.mortalityn.thenumberofdeathsinaparticularplace死亡

Theprideishighlystructuredwhenitcomestorearingthecubs.Malesareextremelyprotectiveoftheirmateswhiletheyarebreeding.Attheendoftheapproximately105-daygestationperiod,thelionessleavesthepridetogotoasheltered,isolatedareatogivebirthtoitslitteroftwotofivecubs.Cubsarebornblind.Theyweigh1.5to2kilograms,andtheyhaveasoft,woollygrayish-yellow-browncoat.Thelionessrarelyleaveshercubs.Whenshedoes,eithertohuntordrink,sheriskslosingthemtopredators,suchascheetahs,leopards,jackals,orhyenas.

Atfirst,thecubswillstayclosetotheirmotherastheyexploretheirsurroundings.Malecubmortalityishighbecausemalesaremoreactiveandmorelikelytoleavetheirprotectedshelter.

Cubsaccompanytheirmotheronhuntingexpeditionswhentheyarethreetofourmonthsold.

Cubswillnotbeabletokilltheirownpreyuntiltheyareabouttwoyearsold.Throughearlyplayexperiences,thecubslearnhowtohunt,crash,leap,andkilltheirprey.

Adolescentmalestendtoremainnearthepride'

sterritoryatfirstandthengooffontheirown.Theywilltryandjoinanotherpride.Malelionsdisplayexcellentteamworkwhenthreatenedbyanothermalewantingtodominatethepride.Thetypicaldurationforwhichastronggroupofmalesisabletodefendtheirprideistwotothreeyears,duringwhichtimetheyfatheralloftheoffspring.（256words）

Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread

1.Whydoesthelionessrarelyleaveitscubs?

2.Whatcontributestothehighmortalityofmalecubs?

3.Howlongwillittakebeforecubsareabletokilltheirownprey?

Howaretheyabletodoso?

4.InthemovieTheLionKing,Simbafinallybecamethemightyking.Canyouexplainwhywouldadolescentmalesliketodefendtheirprideaccordingtothetext?

Leopards

豹在四种大型猫科动物（其余三种为狮、虎、美洲豹）中体积最小，颜色最鲜艳。

奔跑速度快，可以说是敏捷的猎手。

Haveyoueverseenaleopardinthezoo?

Doyouknowhowitlookslike?

Howdoestheleopardliveinthewild?

1.wildn.anaturalenvironmentnotcontrolledbypeople自然环境

2.pantheran.aleopardintheblackcolorphase黑豹

3.spotn.asmall,round,coloredareaonasurface斑点

4.rosetten.adecorationordesignthatlooksratherlikearose玫瑰花环

5.stalkv.tomoveslowlyandquietlytowardsananimalinordertocatchorkillit偷偷接近（猎物）

6.agileadj.movingquicklyandlightly敏捷的

7.matingn.theactofpairingamaleandfemaleforreproductivepurposes交配

Theleopardisscatteredoverawiderareatodaythananyoftheotherbigcats.ItlivesacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent（withtheexceptionoftheSaharaDesert）,inpartsofAsia,fromtheMiddleEasttoIndia,Pakistan,China,Siberia,andontheislandsofJavaandSriLanka.Theleopardmaybethemostdifficultbigcattofindinthewildbecauseleopardsspendmuchoftheirtimeintrees.Leopardsusuallyliveontheirown.

Leopardsarefromabout1.3to1.9meterslong,andtheyweighfromabout30to80kilograms.TheirscientificnameisPantherpardus.

Evenontheground,leopards'

spottedcoatsofgoldenbrownwithblackringspotshelpthemtobecomeinvisible.Jaguarsandleopardshavethesamedarkrosettesontheirfur,butleopardsdonothavespotswithintherosettes.Jaguarfurhasspotsintherosettes.

Theleopardisprobablythesmartesthunterofallcats.Atnight,itmovessilentlyandstalksitspreybycrawlingwithitsstomachlowtotheground,oritmaywaitinatreeandjumponpreythatcomesnearthetree.Theagileanimalevenhuntsformonkeysintrees.Huntingandlivingalone,theleopardsurvivesinmanyplacesbecauseiteatsalmostanything.

Theleopardwillkillgazelles,wildpigs,andbirds.Itcandragpreymorethantwiceitssizeformanykilometersandthenpullitupatreetokeepotheranimalsfromgettingitsfood.Theabilitytodragitspreyallowstheleopardtohuntlessfrequentlythanothercatswhosharethesamehabitat,suchasthecheetahs.

Leopardshavenospecificbreedingseason,buttendtomateinJanuaryandFebruary.Aftermating,thepairseparates,withthefemalelefttocareforitscubs.Leopardstendtohavetwocubsafteragestationperiodbetween90to105days.Cubsarebornblindandweighfrom750gramsto1kilogram.Theybegintofeedontheirownatabout3monthswhentheystarttoaccompanytheirmotheronhuntingtrips.Themotherleopard'

swhitishtailishelduprightduringtherearingofthecubs.Thiserecttailapparentlyprovidesthecubswithavisiblemarkerthathelpsthemfollowherthroughthetallgrassesandshrubs.Thecubsremainwiththeirmotherfor18to24months,andthentheyleavetoestablishterritoriesoftheirown.（415words）

1.Whereontheearthcanwefindleopards?

Whydoyouthinktheyhavesuchawidedistributionaccordingtothewholetext?

2.What'

sthedifferencebetweenjaguarsandleopardsinappearance?

3.Whydoleopardshuntlessfrequentlythanothercatswhosharethesamehabitat,suchasthecheetahs?

4.Whatcanyoutellwhenthemotherleopard'

swhitishtailishelduprightduringtherearingofitscubs?

Jaguars

美洲豹是美洲大陆上最大的猫科动物之一，仅次于老虎狮子，性情凶猛，喜欢栖息于树木茂密的热带雨林。

TowhichanimalinthecatfamilydoesthescientificnamePantheraoncarefer?

WhatdoyouthinkisthelargestcatontheAmericancontinent?

Howdojaguarsliveinthewild?

1.tropicaladj.comingfromorexistinginthehottestpartsoftheworld热带的

2.pouncev.tojumponsomethingandholdit,inordertokillit猛扑

3.markingn.apatternofmarks记号

4.captivityn.thestateofbeingimprisoned囚禁

Longbeforemoderntimes,thejaguarwasworshippedasthegodofthenight.Inancientcivilizations,peoplebelievedthatthespotsonitscoatrepresentedthestarsinthesky.JaguarsarefoundinMexico,CentralAmerica,andSouthAmerica.Theyare1to2meterslongandmayweighbetween28to90kilograms（femalesaresmaller）.TheirscientificnameisPantheraonca.

Jaguarshaveabeautifulgoldenbrown-yellowishcoatwithblackringswithonetofourdarkspotsinthecenterofeachring.Theringsarecalledrosettes.Jaguarshavewhitishfurontheirthroatandstomach.

Theprimaryhabitatsofthejaguararedensetropicalrainforestsandswampygrasslands.Jaguarsprefertolivenearfreshwaterwheretheycancatchfish,turtles,andsmallalligatorscalledcaimans.

Jaguarsarestrong,excellentswimmers.Theyhuntawidevarietyofcreaturesbigorsmall.Inadditiontothefreshwateranimalsjustmentioned,theyalsohuntdeer,wildpigs,tapirs,birds,andevenmice.Theyareslowerthantigersandmanyothercatsashunters,andtheyprefertostalkandpounceonpreyratherthanrunafterit.

Afterkillingitsprey,ajaguarmaydragitsbodytoasecludedspot,usuallyhighinatreebeforeeatingit.Mostcatskillwithbitestothethroatorneckofitsprey,butajaguar'

sbiteissostrongitcanactuallycrushthehardskullofitsprey,causinginstantdeath.Ajaguar'

sname,"

yagurara,"

wasgiventoitbySouthAmericanIndians,anditmeans"

abeastthatkillsitspreywithoneleap."

Jaguarshuntdayornight.Ifseen,theyaremostlikelytobeonahuman-madetrail,whichtheypreferformovingaround.Jaguarshuntandlivealone,exceptwhenbreeding.Likemanyothercats,theymarktheirterritorywiththeirscent.Reproductionmaytakeplaceanytimeduringtheyear.Aseriesofroarsandurinaryscentmarkings3helpmaleslocatefemales.Thegestationperiodofajaguarisbetween95to105days.Jaguarlittersareusuallybetweenoneandfourcubs.Cubsarebornblind.Eachweighs1to1.5kilograms.

Thecubsgenerallyremaininthedenwheretheywerebornforaboutsixmonths.Thecubshaveawoollycoatwithspotsmuchliketheirmother'

s.Atthreemonths,thecubsbegintoaccompanytheirmotheron.hunts.Theyremainwithheruptotwoyearsandthenleavetoestablishterritoriesoftheirown.Ajaguarmaylive15to20yearsinthewildandupto22yearsincaptivity.

Animportantroleofthejaguaristoeliminateweakandsickmembersofotherspecies.Predatorssuchasjaguarspreventotherspeciesfrombecomingtoonumerousandoverpopulatingareas.However,jaguarsthemselves,likeotherbigcats,arebecomingendangeredashabitatsarelost.（479words）

1.Whywasthejaguarworshippedasthegodofthenightinancienttimes?

2.Whichplacedojaguarsprefertochooseastheirhabitats?

3.Jaguarsweregivenaname"

yagurara"

bySouthAmericanIndians,meaning"

abeastthatkillsitspreywithoneleap"

.