高考总复习不定式专题Word格式.docx
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一.作主语句型:
Itis/was+形容词/可数名词单数+todosth
解读1:
不定式作主语常见的是it作形式主语,放在句首,将真正的主语动词不定式(短语)放在句子后面。
经典例句:
1)It’seasytobewiseaftertheevent.
2)Itiseasiertospendmoneythantomakemoney.
3)It’sbettertolovesomeoneyoucan’thavethantohavesomeoneyoucan’tlove.
4)Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate
解读2:
此外形式主语it不能用that、this来替换。
这也是不定式作主语时的考点。
出题句型是:
__________is/was+形容词/可数名词单数+todo此句型特别重要,要牢记。
判断下列句子读错,并说明理由:
1.Thisisimpossibleforpeopletostaredirectlyatthesun..
2.Duetotherefractionoflightrays,thisisimpossibleforthenakedeyetodeterminetheexactlocationofastarclosetothehorizon.
解读3:
it作形式主语,不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语,通常用for+名词(代词)或of+名词(代词)放在不定式的前面。
此时不定式的语态须看与逻辑主语的主被动关系。
For与of的区别是初中内容。
经典例题:
1.Is_______possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it
2.Thedoctorthought____wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.(2010全国卷II14).
A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it
3..It’simportantforthefigures_________regularly.(2011北京卷)
A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated
二.作宾语
1.直接作宾语句型:
动词(vt)+todo
直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。
这时句子有以下两个特点:
第一:
句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的,不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。
第二:
这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度;
不定式动作则说明行为。
1)Nobodywantstobelaughedat.
2)Thiscompanyrefusedtocooperatewithus.
1.Idon'
twant_______likeI'
mspeakingiiiofanybody,butthemanager'
splanisunfair.(2005天津卷)
A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded
2.Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______talkingwhilesheworks.(2006北京卷)
A.working;
stoppingB.towork;
stoppingC.working;
tostopD.towork;
tostop
3.Asayoungman,Ihate______________inpublic.
A.laughedatB.tobelaughedatC.tolaughatD.laughingat
2.句型:
某些及物动词+连词+todo
在一些动词之后,可以在连接代词(what,who,which)或连接副词(how,when,where)及连词whether后面接一个带to的动词不定式作宾语。
常见的动词有:
ask,decide,explain,forget,findout,guess,imagine,know,wonder.
1)Iwonderwhotoinvite.
2)Showuswhattodo.
3)Idon’tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.
考点解读:
①不定式的语态:
必须用主动形式,此时易误选为被动形式。
②当连接词为代词时,不定式为及物动词,且其后不加宾语。
1.There’ssomuchdeliciousfood!
Ican’tdecided________.
A.whatteatB.whentoeatC.howtoeatD.wheretoeat
2.Canyoutellme________ontheInternet?
A.howtosearchB.howsearchC.wherecanIsearchD.whencanIsearch
3.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(2009四川卷)
A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had
3.不定式作宾语后置:
如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,构成句型“动词+it+宾补(名词或形容词)+宾语todo”。
Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestioninonego.我觉得很难一下子回答这个问题。
Hefeelsitchallengingtobeamarketingsupervisor.
1.Usingmanysymbolsmakestoputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.
A.possibleB.itispossibleC.itpossibleD.thatpossible
2.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2005全国卷1)
A.thatB.itC.thisD.him
3.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade______herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.(2006湖南卷)
4.I’dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(2006山东卷)
A.thatB.itC.thisD.you
5.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.(2010辽宁卷33)
A.soB.muchC.thatD.it
6.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind______difficulttotellonefromtheother.(2011山东卷)
A.itB.themC.herD.that
7.Newtechnologieshavemade____possibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.【2012四川】
A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it
三.状语构成以下几种句型
句型1:
形容词+todo(语言山表述为:
形容词后面的动词不定式)
该形容词为表示动作特点的形容词时,一般做两种成分:
表语和宾补
★当该形容词作表语时,句子主语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
★当该形容词作宾补时,句子宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
1)Sheisverynicetotalkto.
2)Maryiseasytogetonwith.
3)IfindEnglishdifficulttospeak.
4)IfindFootballveryinterestingtowatch.
★此句型三大考点
①不定式动词一般不用被动形式:
(最容易出错)
②不定式后不能再加宾语:
③不定式动词所带的介词不能省略:
1.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.(2011安徽卷)
A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak
2.Thismachineisveryeasy______.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.【2012辽宁】
A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate
在本句型中,如果形容词是表示人的性格特征(如:
brave,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,generous,kind,等)或情绪感受(happy;
surprised;
glad;
honored)的词。
句子主语或宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的主谓关系.
1)Hewaskindtohelpus.
2)Theboywascarelesstobreakthewindow.
3)Wethinktheboycarelesstobreakthewindow.
1.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon.【2012全国卷II】
A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched
2.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)
A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed
3.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁卷)
A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound
4.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable____.(2011福建卷)
A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold
句型2:
不定式作目的状语,可构成句型:
Todo/Inordertodosth,主语+谓语或主语+谓语+todo/inordertodo/soastodo.
1.Hatingpeopleislikeburningdownyourownhousetogetredofarat.]
2.Toacquireknowledge,onemuststudy;
buttoacquirewisdom,onemustobserve.
3.Wehadbetterstartearlytocatchthetrain.
4.Wehadbetterstartearlysoastocatchthetrain.
5.Iwenttothepostofficeinordertomailaletter.
经典解读:
1.soasto一般不用在句首。
但todo或inordertodo可提到句首。
2.目的状语放在句首时,和句子之间要有“,”间隔;
当目的状语位于句末时,和句子之间不可以有“,”间隔。
3.不定式的语态:
看与句子主语的关系:
主动——todo;
被动——tobedone。
1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthereforaspaceflight.(2007江西卷)
A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained
2.thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.(2007上海春)
A.ToensureB.EnsuringC.Havingensured.D.Tohaveensured
3.,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.(2009辽宁卷)
A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner
句型3作结果状语,可构成句型:
主+谓(,)onlytodo。
指意想不到或不愉快的结果,结果状语必须放在句末。
1)Wehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthetrainhadjustleft.
2)Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚
注意:
分词作结果状语,一般表示意料之中的结果。
如:
1)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.
2)Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.
1..Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas.(2005辽宁卷)
A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving
2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(2006陕西卷)
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
3.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.【2012山东】
A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told
4.Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,____________hiswifeveryangry.
A.makeB.onlytomakeC.makingD.made
句型4:
sbseem/appear/pretend…+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone
本句型中关键是判断不定式的时态。
Tobedoing正在做;
tohavedone已经做了;
todo要去做。
1)Heseemstohavefinishedhiswork.
2)Whentheteachercamein,allthestudentspretendedtobestudying.
3)Theoldmanappearedtobeasleep.
1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.
A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
2.LookattheprideonTom’sface.He_______tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.(2011重庆卷)
A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming
3.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.(2011上海卷)
A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost
句型5sthbesaid/reported/believed/thought/considered+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone
1)在此结构中主语必须是sth或sb,不能是形式主语it,动词后必须用不定式,不能用that从句。
2)此结构中关键是判断不定式的时态和语态:
语态判断与句子主语的关系;
时态:
经典例句:
1)Manyofhisbooksaresaidtohavebeentranslatedintoforeignlanguages.
2)ZhanghuaissaidtogotoAmericatomorrow,whichmadehisparentsveryproud.
1.—IsBobstillperforming?
(2005江苏卷)
—I'
mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial
A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft
2.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported___theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.(07辽宁)
A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break
3.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouseatpresentinthedisasterarea.(2010陕西卷24)
A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt
句型6:
but后不定式符号“to”的省略问题
but后是否加to遵循三个句型一个原则:
三个句型:
这三个句型后都不加to
1)can’tbutdo
2)can’thelpbutdo
3)can’tchoosebutdo
一个原则:
but前面有实义动词do的某种形式,后面省to;
没有加to。
可记忆为:
有do省to;
无do加to。
1)Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.
2)HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.
3)Whenheheardtheinterestingstory,hecan’thelpbutlaughloudly.
1.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.(2012陕西卷)
A.meetsB.meetingC.