湖北版英语专题检测卷十九 阅读理解Word下载.docx

湖北版英语专题检测卷十九 阅读理解Word下载.docx

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更改作息时间,

有利学生记忆

词数

265

　　Apioneeringheadteacheriscallingforallhighschoolstofollowhisleadandstartclassesat11am,allowingteenagerstwohoursextrainbed.

Dr.PaulKelley,headofMonkseatonCommunityHighSchoolinNorthTyneside,saiditwouldmeantheendofsleepinginlessonsbeforelunch,afterexperimentsshowedteenagerscouldhavedifferentbodyclocksfromadultsandyoungerchildren.

RussellFoster,anOxfordprofessorofneuroscience（神经科学）,testedthememoryof200Monkseatonpupilsat9amand2pmusingpairsofwords,anddiscovereda9%improvementintheafternoon.Studentscorrectlyidentified51%ofwordpairsinthelatersession,comparedwith42%inthemorning.TaylerMcCullough,15,oneofthetestsubjects,saidthemajorityofstudentswouldwelcometheextrahoursinbed.“I’mextremelyhardtogetupinthemorning.Oneortwopeopleliketogettoschoolearly,butmostofuswouldbeupforgoinginlater.I’msureitwouldmakeabigdifferencetoourlearningability.”

Kelleyisadamantthatachangeofschooltimetablewillhaveameaningfuleffectonexamperformance.Hewantshisschool’sgovernorstoapprovehisplanandputthenewtimetableinplacebeforetheopeningofMonkseaton’snewschoolbuilding,themosttechnologicallyadvancedinthecountry,inSeptember.

Kelleyhopeshislatestideawillbejustassuccessful.“Wehavetobepractical.Butthisprovesthat,bystartinglater,children’slearningimproves,sodoestheirhealth.”

Fostersaid,“Thisispreliminary（初步的）data,butwhat’sexcitingisthatitmatchesmoredetailedstudiescarriedoutinCanadaandtheUS.Teenagersgetuplatenotbecausetheyarelazybutbecausetheyarebiologicallyprogrammedtodoso.”

1.Howmanyprofessorsarementionedinthepassage?

A.One.　　B.Two.　　C.Three.　　D.Four.

2.AccordingtoRussellFoster’sresearch,　　　.

A.thestudentstestedhadverygoodmemories

B.thestudentstesteddidbetterjobsintheafternoon

C.42%ofthestudentstestedcoulddoverygoodjobs

D.51%ofthestudentstestedcouldmaster9%ofwords

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adamant”inthefourthparagraphmean?

A.Angry.B.Absorbed.

C.Adaptable.D.Determined.

4.Foster’sopiniononteenagers’gettinguplateisthat　　　.

A.teenagersarepractical

B.teenagersarelazy-bones

C.it’sbasedontheirbodydevelopment

D.it’sgoodfortheirlearningandhealth

B

议论文

题材

大脑的研究

390

　　Whatmakeshumanssmarterthanotheranimals?

We’vegotabiggerbrain,ofcourse.Butwhenitcomestobrains,isbiggeralwaysbetter?

Traditionally,scientistshavethoughtthathumans’superiorintelligencederived（源于）mostlyfromthefactthatourbrainsarethreetimesbiggerthanthoseofournearestlivingrelatives,chimpanzees.Peopleevenusedtobelievethatbecausemenhaveslightlylargerbrainsthanwomenthatmenaresmarter.

This,however,isnotthetruth.ScientistsatUniversityCollegeLondonintheUKhavefoundthatbrainorganization,andnotbrainsize,isthekeytothesuperiorityofhumanintelligence,reportedLiveScience.

Throughmillionsofyearsofevolution,ourancestorswereconstantlypushedtogetsmartersothattheycouldmeetthedemandsofnewenvironments.However,holdingthisgrowingintelligenceinincreasinglylargebrainswasnotthebestchoicebecausebiggerbrainsrequiremoreenergytopower.“Thisiswhenreorganizationmaycomeintoplay,”saidChristopheSoligo,amemberoftheLondonresearchteam.

Inthestudy,scientistslookedatthebrainsof17speciesofprimates（灵长目动物）,includingmonkeys,apesandhumans.Theyfoundthatintheprocessofevolution,brainsdidn’tkeepgrowingasawhole.Certainregionsofthebraingrewpriortoothersinresponsetospecies’needs,andinthiswaytheycouldmakethebestuseoftheirlimitedbrainspace.

Forexample,whenearlyhumanswerestrugglingtosurvive,thebrainregioninchargeofusingtoolsandfindingfoodgrewinsizemorethanotherregions.Butinmoderntimes,theprefrontalcortex（前额皮质）—theregioninchargeofsocialcognition（认知）,moraljudgmentsandgoal-directedplanning—grewmorethantherestofthebrain.

Thinkofthebrainasaroom.Ifabigroomispoorlyorganized,itdoesn’tnecessarilystoremorestuffthanasmallerone.

PaulManger,professorattheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica,explainsthisprincipleusingtheexampleofwhales.HetoldScientificAmerican:

“Whaleshavebigbrains,absolutely.Butifyoulookattheactualstructureofthebrain,it’snotverycomplex.Brainsizeonlymattersiftherestofthebrainisorganizedproperly.”

5.Ithasrecentlybeenfoundthathumansaresmarterthantheotheranimalsmainlybecause　　　.

A.theyareaspeciesofprimates

B.theyhavemuchlargerbrains

C.theirbrainstructureismorecomplex

D.theywereconstantlypushedtogetsmarter

6.Accordingtothearticle,inrecenthumanevolution,　　　.

A.thebrainkeptgrowinginsizetoadapttonewenvironments

B.mostregionsofthebraindidn’tchange

C.theprefrontalcortexgrewmorethantherestofthebrain

D.humans’brainsbecameincreasinglysimplesothathumanscouldsurvive

7.Whatcanweconcludefromthearticle?

A.Gendermakesadifferenceinintelligence.

B.Thesizeofthebrainhasnothingtodowithintelligence.

C.Specieswhosebrainisorganizedproperlytendtobesmarter.

D.Largerbrainsareusuallyorganizedbetterthansmallerones.

8.Themethodthewriterusestodevelopthelastparagraphis　　　.

A.bypresentingresearchdata

B.bygivingexamples

C.bymakingacomparison

D.byanalyzingcauseandeffect

C

年度单词

273

　　EveryyearChrisBroganpostshisthreewordsforanewyear.ManyothersandIhavefollowedhisleadforthepastthreeorfouryears.Theyhelpedmealot.Mywordsforlastyearwere“passion”,“focus”and“delegate”andIstayedtruetothem.Thisyear,2013,mygoalsaremorepersonalandlessprofessional.

FOCUS

FocusismakingarepeatappearanceonmylistthisyearbecauseI’mtoomuchofamultitasker.TheproblemisthatIhavetroublefinishingonethingwithsomanythingscallingme.WhenIwasworkingasawriter,allmyprojectswerehandledviaaschedule,I’mputtingafitnessandhousekeepingroutineintomyschedule.

HEALTH

Igetsobusytakingcareofeveryoneelse,andIforgettotakecareofmyselfandthishastochange.Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck,notonlyformebutbecauseIpromisedmy9-year-oldson.I’llmakegoodfoodandlifestylechoices.Imissbeingthin,andit’stimetogetitback.

CELEBRATE

WhatgoodishavingitifI’mnottakingtimetoenjoyit?

Ihaveawonderfuljob,ahappyfamily,andsomuchtobethankfulfor.SohowcomeIspendallmytimeworking?

Lastsummermyfamilytookourfirstvacationinfouryears,thebestthingI’vedoneformyselfandmyfamilyinalongtime.Thisyear,I’mmakingsuretotaketimetoenjoylifeandcelebrateitsmanyblessings.

Doyouhaveanywordsfor2013?

9.Theunderlinedword“multitasker”probablyreferstoapersonwho　　　.

A.makesalivingbywriting

B.alwaysfailstofinishataskontime

C.hasseveralthingstodoatthesametime

D.paysmoreattentiontofitnessandhousekeeping

10.Whydoesthewriterhave“HEALTH”asoneofhisthreewords?

A.Hewantstotakebettercareofothers.

B.He’sgainingweightandfeelingbad.

C.Hedidnottakeanyexerciseinthepast.

D.Hegottheideafromhisson.

11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Theword“CELEBRATE”canremindthewritertoenjoylife.

B.Thewriterhasavacationwithhisfamilyeveryfouryears.

C.Theword“FOCUS”canhelpthewriterfocusonhisfamily.

D.Thewriterusedtobeoverweightforlackofexercise.

12.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe　　　.

A.ThreeWordsfor2013

B.HealthShouldGoFirst

C.KeepOrganized

D.Goalsfor2013

【拓展训练】

根据阅读理解B翻译并分析长难句:

Traditionally,scientistshavethoughtthathumans’superiorintelligencederivedmostlyfromthefactthatourbrainsarethreetimesbiggerthanthoseofournearestlivingrelatives,chimpanzees.

句意:

分析:

第一个that引导从句,第二个that引导从句,强调的内容。

答案解析

　　【文章大意】经过研究发现学生在下午的记忆效果更好,因而一位高中校长呼吁高中学校更改作息时间表,认为这样更加符合青少年的生物钟。

1.【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

文章中只提到一个教授,就是牛津大学的RussellFoster教授。

2.【解析】选B。

根据第三段第一句中的内容可知他的研究表明被测试的学生在下午的表现更好。

3.【解析】选D。

词义猜测题。

根据第二段中Kelley所持的观点以及第三段中的测验结果以及被测验对象所说的话可推测Kelley“坚定不移”地认为学校时间表的变化会对考试表现产生有意义的影响。

前三项分别表示“生气的”“全神贯注的”“能适应的”,均不符合语境。

4.【解析】选C。

根据最后一段最后一句中的内容可知他认为青少年晚起是由他们身体的发展所决定的。

　　【文章大意】是不是大脑越大越聪明?

看看科学家们是怎么说的吧。

5.【解析】选C。

由第三段的“...havefoundthatbrainorganization,andnotbrainsize,isthekeytothesuperiorityofhumanintelligence,reportedLiveScience”可以推知C为正确答案。

6.【解析】选C。

由倒数第三段的“Butinmoderntimes,theprefrontalcortex—theregioninchargeofsocialcognition,moraljudgmentsandgoal-directedplanning—grewmorethantherestofthebrain.”可知C正确。

7.【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

由最后一段的“Butifyoulookattheactualstructureofthebrain,it’snotverycomplex.Brainsizeonlymattersiftherestofthebrainisorganizedproperly.”可以推知,以一种合适的方式建构的相对复杂的大脑趋向于更聪明,故C正确。

8.【解析】选B。

逻辑结构题。

最后一段以鲸鱼为例来说明并非大脑越大,就越聪明,故选B。

　　【文章大意】作者介绍了2013年自己的三个重要单词:

focus,health,celebrate,说明了选择这三个单词的原因。

9.【解析】选C。

从第二段的句子TheproblemisthatIhavetroublefinishingonethingwithsomanythingscallingme.可知这个单词是“一次有很多任务的人”。

10.【解析】选B。

从第三段的句子Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Ihavetogetmyhealthinchec