全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题文档格式.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题文档格式.docx

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,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently

accomplishesthe

studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter.muscles,

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp

actoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof

theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,thefeedback,thatimproveanindividual’s

emotionalstate.

oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted

physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcryaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.

they

Althoughsadnessalso

tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow

muscular

responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.

1.[A]among

[B]except

[C]despite

[D]like

2.[A]reflect

[B]demend

[C]indicate

[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing

[B]boosting

[C]impairing

[D]determining

4.[A]transmit

[B]sustain

[C]evaluate

[D]observe

5.[A]measurable

[B]manageable

[C]affordable

[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn

[B]Infact

[C]Inaddition

[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite

[B]impossible

[C]average

[D]expected

8.[A]hardens

[B]weakens

[C]tightens

[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate

[B]generate

[C]morderate

[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subcinscious[D]intermal

11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]supresses

15.[A]into[B]form[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fecth[B]form[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similatly[D]Conversely

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readingthefollowingfourstexts.AnswerthequestionbeloweachtextbyChoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkphilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic

Oneofthereasonwhytheappiontmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilberiscommparativelylittleknownEvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatsemmslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprwise

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,beperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcomposition,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeramddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicformiTumes

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theeatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecorsedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingarecheap,availableeverwhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilytyofsuchrecordinghasthusbroughtaboutactisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalcouncert

Onepossiblereponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattravtivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecors.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhiharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merely,expandingtheorchestra’srepertorrewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthrPhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’aolderestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incuredcriticism

[B]raisedsuspicion[C]raceivedacclaim[D]aroundcuriousity

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential

[B]modest[C]respectable[D]talented

23.Theautherbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ingoretheexpenseofliveperformance[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformance[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformanc[D]overestimatethevarietyofliveperformance

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninterrortoliveconcertsinquality

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegenralpublic[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic[D]Theyhaveonlyconveredmasterpieces

25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalixingthePhilharmonic,theauthirfeels[A]doubtful

[B]enthusisastic[C]confident[D]puzzled

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexpanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopresuemygoalofrunningacompany,broadcastinghisambition"

wasverymuchmydecision,"

McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

MaGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetorefectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'

talone.InrecentweekstheNO.2executivesAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsebusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEoturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous

boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKrnFerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey,"

Ican'

tthinkofasinglesearchI'

vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst."

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'

talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiedexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCItigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstiturionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadon."

Thetraditionalrulewasit'

ssafertostaywhereyouare,buthat'

sbeenfundamentallyinverted,"

saysoneheadhunter."

Thepeoplewho'

vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'

vestayedtoolong"

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing（）

A.ArrogantB.frankC.self-centeredD.impulsive

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutivesquittingmaybespurredby（）

A.theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus

B.theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife

C.theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards

D.theirpursuitofnewcareergoals

28.Theword"

poached"

（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans（）

A.approvedofB.attendedtoC.huntedforD.guardedagainst

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）

A.topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts

B.loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated

C.topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations

D.it'

ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.CEOs:

wheretoGO?

B.CEOs:

AlltheWayUp?

C.TopmanagersJumpwithoutaNet

D.TheOnlywayoutforTopPerformers

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional"

paid"

media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"

owned"

mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebesite.Thewayconsumenrsnowapproatchtheboardrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paindandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorsforusers'

responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer'

sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'

spaidmedia-forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedifinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthaotherorganizationpalcetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thiestrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfance,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurtherJohn&

JOhnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies'

marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore（andmorediverse）communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:

anassetorcampaignbecomehostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,for

in