全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题文档格式.docx

1、, insteadof strainingmusclesto build them,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe,studiesdatingback tothe1930sindicatethat laughter.muscles,Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelpactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesoftheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,thefeedback,thatimproveanindiv

2、idualsemotionalstate.oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrootedphysicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcryare sadbuttheybecome sadwhentetearsbegintoflow.theyAlthoughsadnessalsotears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflowmuscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishe

3、din1988,socialpsychologistFritz.1.AamongBexceptCdespiteDlike2.AreflectBdemendCindicateDproduce3.AstabilizingBboostingCimpairingDdetermining4.AtransmitBsustainCevaluateDobserve5.AmeasurableBmanageableCaffordableDrenewable6.AInturnBInfactCInadditionDInbrief7.AoppositeBimpossibleCaverageDexpected8.Ahar

4、densBweakensCtightensDrelaxes9.AaggravateBgenerateCmorderateDenhance10. Aphysical Bmental CsubcinsciousDintermal11. AExceptfor BAccording to C Due to DAsfor12. Awith Bon C in Dat13. Aunless B until Cif Dbecause14. Aexhausts B follows Cprecedes Dsupresses15. Ainto Bform C towards Dbeyond16. Afecth Bf

5、orm Cpick Dhold17. Adisappointed Bexcited C joyful Dindifferent18. Aadapted Bcatered C turned Dreacted19. Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20. AEventually BConsequently CSimilatly DConverselySectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readingthefollowing fours texts.Answerthequestion belo

6、weach text by Choosing A,B,CorD.Markyouranswer onANSWERSHEET1.（40points）Text1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkphilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast“

7、Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccriticOneofthereasonwhytheappiontmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilberiscommparativelylittleknownEvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbertsappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentious musicianwith no airoftheformidableconductorabout

8、him.”As adescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatsemmslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprwiseFormypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,beperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestin

9、gcomposition,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCD shelf,orbootupmycomputeramddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicformiTumesDevotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingareno substituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthet

10、ime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theeatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecorsedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingarecheap,availableeverwhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqu

11、alitythantodayschoosing.ThewidespreadavailabilytyofsuchrecordinghasthusbroughtaboutactisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalcouncertOnepossiblereponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattravtivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecors.Gilbertsowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclas

12、sical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhiharmonicinto“amarkedly different, morevibrantorganization”But whatwill bethenatureofthatdifference? Merely,expandingtheorchestrasrepertorrewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthrPhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetwe

13、enAmericaaolderestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.21. We learnfromPara1thatGilbertsappointmenthasAincuredcriticismBraisedsuspicionCraceivedacclaimDaroundcuriousity22. TommasiniregardsGilbertasan artistwho isAinfluentialBmodestCrespectableDtalented23. Theautherbelieves thatthedevotedconcert

14、goersAingoretheexpenseofliveperformanceBrejectmostkindsofrecordedperformanceCexaggeratethevarietyofliveperformancDoverestimatethevarietyofliveperformance24. Accordingtothetext,which ofthefollowingis trueof recordings?ATheyare often interror toliveconcertsinqualityBTheyareeasilyaccessibletothegenralp

15、ublicCTheyhelpimprovethequalityofmusicDTheyhaveonlyconveredmasterpieces25. RegardingGilbertsroleinrevitalixingthePhilharmonic,theauthirfeelsAdoubtfulBenthusisasticCconfidentDpuzzledText2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexpanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakingh

16、isexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopresuemygoalofrunningacompany,broadcastinghisambitionwasverymuchmydecision,McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup, whichnamedhimCEOandchairman onSeptember29.MaGeesaysleavingwitho

17、utapositionlinedupgavehimtimetorefectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisntalone.InrecentweekstheNO.2executivesAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsebusi

18、nessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewilling tomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEoturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberum

19、Research.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKrnFerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey,Icantthinko

20、fasinglesearchIve donewhereaboardhasnotinstructed metolook atsittingCEOsfirst.Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaventalwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiedexchange.RobertWillumstadlef

21、tCItigroupin2005 with ambitions to beaCEO. Hefinally took thatpostata major financialinstiturionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadon.Thetraditionalrulewasitssafertostaywhereyouare,buthatsbeenfu

22、ndamentallyinverted,saysoneheadhunter.Thepeoplewhovebeenhurttheworstare thosewhove stayedtoolong26. WhenMcGee announcedhisdeparture,hismanner canbestbedescribedas being（）A.ArrogantB. frank C.self-centered D.impulsive27. AccordingtoParagraph 2,seniorexecutives quittingmaybe spurredby（）A. theirexpecta

23、tionofbetterfinancialstatusB. theirneedtoreflect ontheirprivatelifeC. theirstrainedrelations withtheboardsD. theirpursuitofnew career goals28. Theword poached（Line3,Paragraph 4）mostprobablymeans （）A.approvedofB.attendedtoC.huntedforD.guarded against29. Itcan beinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）A. to

24、pperformersused toclingtotheirpostsB. loyaltyoftopperformers isgettingout-datedC. topperformers caremoreaboutreputationsD. its safer tosticktothetraditionalrules.30. Whichofthefollowingisthe besttitlefor thetext?A. CEOs:wheretoGO?B. CEOs:AlltheWayUp?C. Topmanagers JumpwithoutaNetD. The Onlyway outfo

25、rTop PerformersText3Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditionalpaidmedia-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreateownedmediabysendin

26、ge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebesite.Thewayconsumenrsnowapproatchtheboardrangeoffactorsbeyondconventional paidmedia.Paindandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorsforusersresponses.Butinsomecases,one

27、marketersownedmediabecomeanothermarketerspaidmedia-forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedifinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthaotherorganizationpalcetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thiestrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfance,effectivel

28、ybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurtherJohn&JOhnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter, astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopp

29、ortunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompaniesmarketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore（andmorediverse）communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomehostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forin