控制测量学考试试题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

控制测量学考试试题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

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4.Geodeticcoordinatesystem:

coordinatesysteminwhichthepositionsofpointsarerepresentedbygeodeticlongitude,geodeticlatitude,andheightoftheearth.?

?

5,spacecoordinates:

toellipsoidcenterastheorigin,theinitialmeridianplaneandtheequatorialplaneintersectionistheXaxisintheequatorialplanedirectionandXaxisorthogonaltotheYaxis,theaxisofrotationoftheellipsoidtotheZaxis,arighthandcoordinatesystemo-xyz.

6,linearpoint:

normalEllipsoidbythemethodofcrosssectionandtheellipsoidsurfaceformingcirclesection.?

7,therelativemethodsection:

arrangedatanyellipsoidfromtwopointsaandB,anormalapointbypointbyBmethodandtheBnormallinemadebyapointmethodcalledrelativenormaltransversallineabpoints.?

8.Geodesic:

theshortestlinebetweentwopointsonanellipsoid.

9,theverticaldeflectioncorrection:

theverticaldirectionofthegroundobservationbasedonthehorizontalobservation,calculatedtothelineoflawbasedonthevalueofthecorrectionshouldbeadded.

10,elevationcorrection:

correctiondirectiondeviationcausedbyapointheight.?

11,crosssectioncorrection:

themethodofcuttingthearcdirectionintothedirectionoftheearthaddedcorrection.?

12.Thecalculationoftheinitialazimuthangle:

theastronomicalazimuthangleiscalculatedaccordingtotheverticalpositionofthemeasuringstation,andthelargeazimuthangleoftheellipsoidiscalculatedonthebasisofthenormalplaneoftheellipsoid.?

13,Legendretheorem:

iftheplanetriangleandthesphericaltrianglecorrespondingedgeisequal,thentheplaneangleisequaltothecorrespondingsphericalangleminus1/3sphericalangleultra.?

14.Theearthelement:

thegeodeticlongitude,geodeticlatitude,thelengthofthegeodesiclinebetweenthetwopointsandtheirpositiveandinverselocalanglesontheellipsoid.?

15,theearththemesolution:

ifyouknowsomeoftheearthelements,toextractsomeotherearthelements,suchcalculationiscalledtheearthsubjectsolution.?

16,thethemeisconsidered:

theearthknowncoordinatesofpointP1,P1toP2linelengthandazimuthcalculation,geodeticcoordinatesP2andgeodesicinpointP2theangle?

.?

17,geodeticinversecalculation:

ifyouknowthegeodeticcoordinatesoftwopoints,thegeodesiclengthanditspositiveandnegativeazimuthduringthecalculation.

18,mapprojection:

theellipsoidofeachelement（includingcoordinates,directionsandlength）,accordingtocertainmathematicallawsprojectedontotheplane.

19,Gauss:

thehorizontalprojectionofellipticcylindricalconformalprojection（theillusionisanellipticcolumncrosssetontheearthellipsoidinvitro,andtangenttoacentralaxisoftheellipsoidradialcolumnthroughthecenter,andthenuseacertainellipsoidprojectionmethod,thecentralmeridianonbothsidesoftheareawithinacertainrangeofprojectiontotheellipticcolumn.Thenthecylinderintotheprojectionplane）.?

20planemeridianconvergenceangle:

theanglebetweentheverticalaxisandthehorizontalaxisoftherightaxisandtheprojectionofthemeridianandparallelcirclerespectively.

21.Directionmodification:

changetheprojectioncurveofgeodeticlineintothecorrectionofitschord.

22.Lengthratio:

theratioofadifferentialelementatapointontheellipsoidtothecorrespondingdifferentialelementonitsprojectionplane.?

23,thereferencecoordinatesystem:

accordingtothereferenceellipsoidestablishedcoordinates（withtheheartastheorigin）.

24,geocentriccoordinatesystem:

Basedonthetotalreferenceellipsoidestablishedbythecoordinatesystem（withthecenterofmassastheorigin）.

25,stationcoordinatesystem:

takethemeasuringstationastheorigin,thenormal（vertical）ofthemeasuringstationistheZaxis（pointingtothezenithisright）,themeridiandirectionistheXaxis（northwardisright）,andtheYaxisisperpendiculartotheXaxisandZaxis,formingthelefthandsystem.

Two.Fillintheblanks:

1,ellipsoidalshapeandsizebymeridianellipse?

5?

basicgeometricparametersaredetermined,andthetwosemiaxis,eccentricity,eccentricityandeccentricityofthefirstsecond.

2.Determinetheshapeandsizeofthespheroid.Justknowthatthe2parameterinthe5parameterisenough,butatleastoneofthemisthelengthelement.

3,thegeometricparametersoftraditionalgeodesyusingastronomicalgeodesyandgravitymeasurementdatatocalculatetheearthellipsoid,China1954Beijingcoordinatesystemisused?

JLasovski?

Ellipsoid,in1980thenationalgeodeticcoordinatesystemisused?

75internationalellipsoid（1975internationalgeodeticAssociation）andellipsoid,globalpositioningsystem（GPS）istheapplicationofWGS-84（the17sessionoftheInternationalUnionofGeodesyandGeophysicsrecommended）ellipsoid.

Theradiusofcurvatureofthe4andtwoperpendicularinterceptarcs,whicharecollectivelyreferredtoastheprincipalradiusofcurvatureindifferentialgeometry,arem,N,and...

5.Themeanradiusofcurvatureofanypointontheellipsoidisrequaltothegeometricmeanofthemeridianradiusofcurvaturemandtheradiusoftheprimeunitarycurvaturen.<

/P<

p>

6.Inthederivationoftheformulaofthemeridionalarclengthontheellipsoid,thearclengthbetweentheparallelcyclesofBfromtheequatortoanylatitudeisexpressedas:

x=.

7,theparallelcirclearcformulaisexpressedas:

r=?

x=ncosb=?

.

The8andKlelotheorem（Kleloequation）isexpressedaslnsina+lnr=lnc（r*ina=c）

9.Ageodesicconstantequaltothesineproductoftheradiusoftheellipsoidandthelargelocalangleofthegeodesictraversingtheequator,orequaltotheradiusoftheparallelcircleofthepointonwhichthemaximumlatitudeisonthepoint.

10,theexpressionofLaplasseequationis.

11,ifeachangleofthesphericaltrianglesubtracts1/3ofthesphericalangle,wecanobtainaplanetrianglewithequaledge.

12.Projectiondeformationisgenerallydividedintoangulardeformation,lengthdeformation,andareadeformation.

13.Thereareisometricprojection,isometricprojectionandequalareaprojectioninmapprojection.

14,theGaussprojectionistheconformalprojectionofthetransverseaxisellipticcylinder,whichguaranteestheinvarianceoftheprojectiveangle,thesimilarityoftheshapeoftheimage,andtheidentityofthelengthratioinacertaindirection.

15,theuseofzoningprojectionnotonlylimitsthelengthofdeformation,butalsoensurestheuseofthesamesimpleformulaindifferentprojectionbeltsforthecalculationofthedeformationscausedbythesamedeformation.

16,ellipsoidtothegeneralformulaoftheexpressionforconformalprojection:

.

17,fromtheplanetotheellipsoidalconformalprojectionforgeneralconditionalexpression:

18,becausetheGaussprojectionisprojectedbyband,ineachprojectionband,thedifferencebetweenLisnotlarge,andl/pisasmallamount.Therefore,thefunctioncanbeexpandedasapowerseriesofdifferentialL.

19,becausetheGaussprojectionregionisnotlarge,theyvalueissmallerthantheellipsoidradius,sothepowerseriescanbeexpandedasy.

20,theGaussprojectionformulaisapowerseriesofL,whichisexpandedatthecentralmeridianpoint,

TheinverseformulaofGaussprojectionisthepowerseriesofYinthecentralmeridianpoint.

21,atrianglewiththreeinterioranglecorrectionvalueandshouldbeequaltothetriangle?

Negativesphericalexcess?

22,isthelengthlongerthanthepointofthepoint,andthedirectionofthepoint?

23,Gauss-Kruegerprojection,whenm0=1,calledtheGaussKrugerprojection?

whenm0=0.9996,called?

（UTMtransverseMercatorprojection）?

24.WriteseveralpossibleCartesiancoordinatesystemnames（threeofthem）:

State3withGaussconformalprojectionplanerectangularcoordinatesystemandcompensationprojectionplane3degreeswithGaussconformalprojectionplanerectangularcoordinatesystem?

witharbitraryGaussconformalprojectionplanerectangularcoordinatesystem?

25.Theso-calledgeodeticcoordinatesystemmeanstheshapeandsizeoftheellipsoid,thecenteroftheellipsoid,andthedirectionoftheaxisoftheellipsoid.

26,ellipsoidpositioningcanbedividedintolocalpositioning,geocentricpositioningandgeocentricpositioning.

27,theorientationandorientationofthereferenceellipsoidisbasedoncertainconditionsandwillhavetheellipsoidofparameterdetermination

What?

Thelocationoftheearthisdetermined.

28,theorientationandorientationofthereferenceellipsoidshouldbechosenbysixindependentparameters,thatis,threetranslationparametersreferringtothereferenceellipsoid,andthreerotationparametersthatrepresenttheorientationofthereferenceellipsoid.

29,thereferenceellipsoidpositioningandorientationmethodcanbedividedintotwokinds,namely,pointpositioning,positioningandmulti-pointpositioning.

30,thereferenceoftheestablishmentofthereferenceearthcoordinateistheestablishmentofthereferenceellipsoidparameterandt