虚拟语气Word格式.docx
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5.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
（2013北京）Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.
如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们就不用站在这儿排队了。
（从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况）
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegoneabroad.
如果我是你,我就会出国了。
（从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况）
6.省略if的虚拟语气
如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototheparty.→WereIyou,Iwouldgototheparty.
如果我是你,我会去参加聚会。
Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?
→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?
如果那件事真的发生了,你会做什么?
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.
如果你早点来的话,你就赶上那辆公交车了。
考点二
wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法
在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。
从句中谓语的构成形式为:
1.表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）。
（2014北京东城统一检测）—Doyouliketheschool?
—Yeah.Ionlywishtheclasseswerealittlesmaller.
——你喜欢这个学校吗?
——是的。
我只希望我们的班级小一些。
2.表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语常用had+过去分词。
（2015天津）IwishIhadbeenatmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.
我多么希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐的婚礼呀,可是我当时正在纽约出差。
3.表示对将来的主观愿望,从句中谓语常用would/could/might+动词原形。
Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.
我希望明天有个好天气。
考点三
谓语必须用“（should+）动词原形”的情况
1.表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:
一坚持（insist）,二命令（order,command）,三建议（suggest,recommend,advise）,四要求（demand,require,request,ask）后面的宾语从句或由it做形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“（should+）动词原形”。
这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“（should+）动词原形”。
Theteacherorderedthatthehomework（should）behandedinontime.老师要求我们按时上交作业。
（2013陕西）Mymomsuggeststhatwe（should）eatoutforachangethisweekend.
我妈妈建议本周末我们出去吃饭换换口味。
注意:
suggest当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;
insist当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。
Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedhewashappy.
他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。
Theboyinsistedhehadn’tstolenthemoney.
那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。
2.在Itisimportant/strange/natural/necessary/apity/ashame等+that从句,表示情绪、观点等,主语从句中的谓语用“（should+）动词原形”。
Itisapitythathe（should）refusetoaccepttheoffer.
遗憾的是他拒绝接受那个提议。
考点四
虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用
1.在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中,若从句与事实相反,则要用虚拟语气。
具体情况如下:
当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,从句谓语动词用过去式。
当从句的动作发生于主句的动作之前时,从句谓语动词用过去完成式。
Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.
他谈论起来好像他知道一切一样。
（2012广东,语法填空）Hewalkedinasifhehadboughttheschool.
他走进来好像他已经买下了学校一样。
2.在Itis（high）timethat...句型中也用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词常用过去式,表示“是时候做……了”,含“建议”的意味。
（2012辽宁）Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedidsomethinginsteadofjusttalking.
杰克是个空谈家。
到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。
3.wouldrather后接动词原形,但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿,但愿）。
当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式。
当从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词用过去完成式。
（2014陕西）Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.
我宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但是她可以自己作出选择,毕竟她不是小孩了。
I’dratheryouhadn’ttoldMikethebadnews.
我宁愿你没有告诉迈克那个坏消息。
4.ifonly“要是……就好了”。
表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去式;
表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去完成式。
IfonlyIhadpassedthedrivingtestlastweek!
要是我通过了上周的驾驶考试就好了!
练习题
1.IfI___tenyearsyounger,I______veryhappy.
A.were,wouldbe
B.am,shallbe
C.were,shallbe
D.am,wouldbe
2.---Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.
---Heisnotathome.Ifhe______,I______.
A.is,would
B.were,would
C.is,will
D.were,will
3.Ifyou_____thedoctorsadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.
A.follow
B.followed
C.wouldfollow
D.hadfollowed
4.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he______therebythen.
A.mightget
B.mighthavegot
C.got
D.hadgot
5.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou______towriteyourhomework.
A.hadn'
t
B.haven'
thad
C.didn'
thave
D.hadn'
thad
6.---Didyoucatchtheplane?
---No,ifIhadhurried,I______.
A.would
B.wouldhave
C.could
D.
did
7.Whydidn'
tyoutellhimthetruth?
IfI______you,Iwouldhave.
A.were
B.hadbeen
C.am
D.wouldbe
8.---Howdoyouliketheparty?
---Wonderful.Ifyouhadcomewithus,you______agoodtime.
A.had
B.hadhad
C.wouldhave
D.wouldhavehad
9.IfI______outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.
A.didn'
trun
B.shouldn'
C.haven'
D.hadn'
trun
10.Ifyou______earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.
A.havestarted
B.werestartC.weretostart
D.hadstarted
11.Ifyou______tothemoononeday,youwouldfinditquitedifferentfromtheearth.
A.travel
B.hadtravelled
C.shouldtravel
D.havetravelled
12.What______yesterdayifyou______TVprogramme.
A.wouldyoudo,hadn'
twatch
B.wouldyouhavedone,hadn'
twatched
C.couldyoudo,didn'
twatch
D.wouldyouhavedone,didn'
13.----AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoDalianforthevacation?
----No,butifI______time,I______verygladtogothere.
A.have,willbe
B.hadhad,wouldhavebeen
C.had,wouldbe
D.hadhad,wouldbe
14.----Mybossoftenmademeworkdayandnight.
----IfI______
you,I______thejob.
A.am,willgiveup
B.hadbeenyou,wouldhavegivenup
C.were,wouldgiveup
D.hadbeenyou,wouldgiveup
15.Ifyoutellmeallaboutit,I______abletodecide.
A.wouldbe
B.couldbe
C.were
D.shallbe
16.Ifyou______George,wouldyoupleasetellhimtoringme?
A.saw
B.wereto
C.haveseen
D.see
17.I'
msurehehasn'
tsenttheletter.Ifhe______it,I______.
A.sent,got
B.sent,havegot
C.sent,wouldgo
D.hadsent,wouldhavegot
18.----SallyfinallygotherefromChicago.
----Ifshe______
earlier,we______hertothepartythen.
A.came,wouldtake
B.hadcome,wouldhavetaken
C.comes,willtake
D.hadcome,wouldtake
19.Idon'
tknowwhethertotakethemedicineatonce.IfI______，I______it.
A.knew,wouldtake
B.hadknown,wouldhavetakenit
C.knew,wouldhavetaken
D.hadknown,wouldtake
20.----Didyouneedanyhelpwithyourmathslastnight?
----No,If______,I______you.
A.had,wouldhavecalled
B.had,wouldcall
C.hadneeded,wouldhavecalled
D.hadneeded,wouldcall
21.Iwouldbuythatcar，ifI______enoughmoney.
A.have
B.had
C.willhave
D.hadhad
22.FordmighthavecometoschoolintimeforProfessorSmith'
slecture,______.
A.ifhegotupearlier
B.unlesshehadgotupearlier
C.buthegotupratherlate
D.buthehadgotupsolate
23.
______theirhelpinthepastyears,hewouldbelivingahardlifeandmightevenhavestarvetodeath.
A.With
B.Ifitwerenotfor
C.Ifithadnotbeenfor
D.Ifnot
24.Ifithadnotrainedyesterday,theground______muddynow.
A.isnot
B.willnotbe
C.wouldnotbe
D.wouldnothavebeen
25.
You______anydifficultynow,ifyouhadmadeamorecarefulplan.
A.won'
tmeetwith
B.wouldnotmeetwith
C.wouldnothavemetwithD.havenotmetwith
26.Hedidhisbestineverything,______hewouldnothavebeenwhathewas.
A.and
B.but
C.otherwise
D.butthat
27.----Whatwouldyouwishtodoifyouweretobeacollegestudentagain?
----That'
sveryhardtosay,butIwishI______biologywhenIwasacollegestudent.
A.hadstudied
B.studied
C.study
D.havestudied
28.----Youshouldhavegonetotheshowwithusyesterday.It'
sverygood.
----IwishedI______,butIwasbusywithmyreport.
B.did
C.wouldhave
D.were
29.MrJohnsonsaidangrily,"
Don'
tordermeabout,asifI______yourwife.I'
mnot.Weareboththeboss'
smen."
B.am
C.wouldbe
D.hadbeen
30.
______thethickfence,hewouldhavebeenmorefearful.
A.Butfor
B.Without
C.Ifitwerenotfor
D.bothAandB
31.Hetalkedasifhe______toBeijing,butIknewhehadn'
t.
A.went
B.were
C.hadbeen
D.wouldhavebeen
32.----Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswer,ifpossible?
----Yes,Iwouldhave,butI______verybusy.
A.hadbeen
C.was
D.wouldbe
33.Ifhe______inEngland,whatlanguagecouldheprobablyspeaknow?
A.wereborn
B.hadbeenborn
C.wouldhavebeenborn
D.wasborn
34.Ifwe______Steven'
sadvice,wewouldnotbelostintheforest.
A.tookB.hadtakenC.havetakenD.wouldtake
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