国际贸易实务复习重点中英文全套Word格式文档下载.docx
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Economicgrowth
Cheapergoodsorservices
Greatervariety
Differencesbetweeninternationaltradeanddomestictrade
•Differentlanguageandculture
•Differentcurrency
•Differentlegalsystemandpolicies
•Differentrisklevels
•Differentdifficultiesandmanagement
Classificationofinternationaltrade
Exporttrade
Importtrade
Transittrade
Directtrade
Indirecttrade
Entrepottrade
Visibletrade
Invisibletrade
Bartertrade
Free-liquidationtrade
Chapter2InternationalTradeTerms
Thinkaboutit:
●按FOB条件达成的合同，凡需租船运输的大宗货物，应在合同中具体证明（）
A.装船费用由谁负担
B.卸货费用由谁负担
C.保险费用由谁负担
●当我在进口合同中使用FOBST条件或在出口合同中使用CIFexship’shold条件时，在使用班轮运输船的情况下，我是否有权向对方收回装货费或卸货费？
为什么？
●我某出口公司按CIF条件向德国某进口商出口一批草帽，向中国人民保险公司投保了一切险，并规定用信用证方式支付。
我出口公司在规定的期限、指定的我国某港口装船完毕，船公司签发了提单，然后去中国银行议付款项。
第二天，出口公司接到客户来电，称：
装货的海轮在海上失火，草帽全部烧毁，要求我公司出面向中国人民保险公司提出索赔，否则要求我公司退回全部货款。
问：
该批交易按CIF汉堡条件成交，对客户的要求我公司应如何处理？
有关贸易术语的国际贸易惯例
１、《1932年华沙—牛津规则》
●2、《1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本》
●3、《国际贸易术语解释通则》
●INCOTERMS
国际贸易惯例的性质与作用
国际贸易惯例是长期实践中产生的为人们承认接受的习惯做法与规则，但它不是各国的共同立法，也不是某一国的法律，他们对买卖双方没有强制的约束力，只有实际的效力，是否采用完全由双方当事人决定。
●ICC:
InternationalChamberOfCommercial
●（国际商会）
●INCOTERMS2000（2000年国际贸易术语解释通则）
InternationalCommercialTERMS
BasicsofIncoterms2000
1.Scopeofgovernance
a.therelationbetweensellersandbuyers
b.thecontractofsale
c.deliveryofthegoodssold
2.Divisionofobligationandcost+Transferofrisks
LearningObjectives:
●Tounderstandtheroleoftradeterms
●Tounderstandthesixcommonlyusedterms
●Tostudythespecialissuesinpractice
1.TradetermsandInternationalRules
●Tradeterms（pricetermsordeliveryterms）
●Rangeofuse:
insalescontracts
●contents:
place
Mannerfortransfer
Price
Shiftingriskofloss
Costoffreightandinsurance
Purpose:
tosimplifytheprocessofnegotiationofcontract,thussavethetimeofcostforbusiness.
FourcategoriesofIncoterms
●1）the“E”term:
EXW
●2）the“F”terms:
FCA,FASandFOB
●3）the“C”terms:
CFR,CIF,CPTandCIP
●4）the“D”terms:
DAF,DES,DEQ,DDUand
DDP
2.FOB,CFRandCIF
●FOB
●Freeonboard（namedportofshipment）
●InFOB,thesellerisrequiredtodelivergoodsonboardavesselthatistobedesignatedbythebuyerataparticularport.
●FOBSingapore
●FOBs.sDongFongQingdao
Theseller’sobligationunderFOB:
●1）providingthegoods
●2）obtainingexportlicenseandotherdocuments
●3）carryingoutallcustomsformalitiesforexport
●4）deliveringthegoodsonboardandnotifythebuyer
●Notesfor4）:
●a.thevesseldesignatedbybuyer
●b.attheparticularport
●c.withinthestipulatedtimeperiod
●5）bearingallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntilthetimethey’vepassedtheship’srail
●6）providingthecommercialdocuments,oritsequivalentelectronicmessagetobuyer
Thebuyer’obligationunderFOB:
●1）obtainingimportlicenseorotherofficialauthorization
●2）carryingoutallimportcustomsformalities
●3）preparingcarriagefromthenamedportofshipment
●Notesfor3）:
●a.payingthefreight
●b.informingthesellerofthenameandthedateofarrivaloftheship
●4）bearingallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimethey’vepassedtheship’srail
●5）takingdeliveryofthegoods,makingpaymenttotheseller
●Scopeofuse:
seaorinlandwaterwaytransport
Specialissuesinpractice:
●1.thepassingpointofrisk
●FOB,CFRandCIF:
thepassingpointofriskingistheship’srail.
●Problem:
howtoload
●Suggestion:
itisbetterforbusinessmentostipulatetheseller’sandbuyer’sresponsibilityandrisks.
●2.linkagebetweenshipsandgoodsunderFOB
1）Thebuyershouldgivethesellersufficientnoticeofthevesselname,loadingpointandrequireddeliverytimeontime.
2）Thesellershouldinformthebuyerafterthegoodsareonboard
3）Thepartywhocannotfulfilltheirobligationsshallbearalltherisksordamagecaused.
VariationsofFOBTerms变体
●FOBLinerTerms:
FOB班轮条件
●FOBUnderTackle:
FOB吊钩下交货
●FOBStowed:
FOB理舱费在内
●FOBTrimmed:
FOB平舱费在内
●FOBStowedandTrimmed:
FOB理舱费和平舱费在内
CFR
●COSTANDFREIGHT（namedportofdestination）
●成本加运费（……指定目的港）
●UndertheCFRterm,thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofdestination.
Shipmentadvice（转船通知）
Ashippingadvicecontains
DifferencewithFOB
●Thesellerinsteadofthebuyerisresponsibleformakingarrangementoftheship（charteringashiporbookingaspace）
DIY:
theobligationsofsellerandbuyer
Theobligationofseller:
1）Beresponsibleforbookingtheshippingspace,deliverthegoodsonboardthevesselattheportofshipmentonthedateorwithintheperiodstipulated.
2）Givethebuyertheshippingadviceatonceaftershipment,sothatthebuyercanarrangeforinsurance
3）bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailattheportofshipment.
4）clearthegoodsforexportandprovideexportlicenseorotherofficialauthorizationfortheexportationofthegoods.
Thebuyer’sobligations:
1）bearallrisksordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srailattheportofshipment.
2）arrangeforinsuranceandpaytheinsurancepremium.
3）acceptthedocumentswhentenderedbytheseller,iftheyareinconformitywiththecontractofsale,andpaythepriceasprovidedinthecontract.
4）acceptdeliveryofgoodswhentheyhavebeendeliveredatthenamedportofdestinationandbearallchargesaswellasthecostofcarryingoutthecustomsformalitiespayableuponimportationofthegoodsand,wherenecessary,fortheirtransitthroughanothercountry.
SpecialissuesunderCFR
●Shippingadvice（装船通知）
●Ashippingadvicecontainsthevesselname,thevoyagenumber,thesailingdateandthedateofloading.
●Thepurpose:
●1）toinformthebuyeroritsagenttomakepreparationfortakingdeliveryofgoods
●2）toinformthebuyertoeffecttheinsurance
Exampleofshippingadvice
S/CC215L/C76434000DOZENSHIRTSSHIPPEDPENGCHING101SAILING26
ThevariationsofCFR
●CFRLinerTerms（CFR班轮条件）
●CFRLanded（CFR卸至码头）
●CFRExTackle（CFR吊钩下交货）
●CFRExShip’sHold（CFR舱底交货）
CIF（namedportofdestination）
●COST,INSURANCEANDFREIGHT
●成本、保险加运费（……指定目的港）
UnderCIFterm,thesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstoanamedportofdestination,andmustalsoprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.
ComparedwithCFR
●CIFisthesameasCFRexceptthatthesellerisresponsibleforeffectinginsurance,payingthepremium（保险费）.
●（theinsurancerequiredunderaCIFcontracthastocoverminimumconditions）
Ingeneral,CIFinvolvestheexporterinthreecontracts:
Contractofsale;
Contractofinsurance;
Contractoftransportation.
Theseller’sobligationsunderCIF
●1）providingthegoods
●2）clearingthegoodsforexport
●3）obtainingexportlicenseorotherofficialauthorizationfortheexportationofthegoods
●4）charteringashiporbookingaspace
●5）deliveringthegoodsonboardthevesselattheportofshipmentonthedateorwithintheperiodstipulatedandnotifyingthebuyer
●6）bearingallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailattheportofshipment
●7）arrangingforaninsuranceandpayingthecostsoffreightandinsurance
8）Providingthebuyerwithrelativedocumentsincludingtheinsurancepolicy
Buyer’sobligationsunderCIF
●1）bearingalrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srailattheportofshipment
●2）acceptingthedocumentswhentenderedbytheseller,iftheyareinconformitywiththecontractofsale,andpaythepriceasprovidedinthecontract
●3）takingdeliveryofthegoodswhentheyhavebeendeliveredatthenamedportofdestinationandbearingallchargesofunloadinggoods
●4）clearingthegoodsforimport
●5）carryingoutcustomsformalitiesforimportationofgoods
VariationsofCIF
●CIFLinerTerms:
●CIFLanded:
●CIFEx-Ship’sHold:
●Tosolvetheproblem:
whowillbearthechargesofunloadingthegoodsattheportofdestination
●注意：
CIF的变形只是为了说明目的港卸货费用的负担问题，并不改变CIF的交货地点和风险划分界线。
TheuseofCIF
●CIFispreferredbybuyer
●1）itmeanstheyhavelittletodowiththegoodsuntilthegoodsarriveattheportofdestinationintheircountry.
●2）itallowsbuyerstocomparepricesfromsuppliersaroundtheworldwithouthavingtotakeintoconsiderationdifferingfreightrates,sincethesellerpaysthefreightandinsurance.
●Seller“like”CIFtoo:
underthepressurefromtheirgovernment,sellerisrequiredtousedomesticcarriersandinsurers.
SpecialissuesinpracticeofCIF
●保险险别
一般做法是，在签订买卖合同时,在合同的保险条款中，明确规定保险险别、保险金额等内容，这样，卖方就应按照合同的规定办理投保。
但如果合同中未能就保险险别等问题作出具体规定，那就根据有关惯例来处理。
按照《2000年通则》对CIF的解释，卖方只须投保最低程度的险别，但买方可以要求卖方办理附加保险。
象征性交货问题
●象征性交货（sy
升级会员 