六级英语考试最新模拟试题五文档格式.docx
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Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?
Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?
Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?
Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?
Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'
sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereverseD.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.
Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'
shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople'
sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.
Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpreindustrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtoday,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.
ItwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffereD.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexclude—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.
Allthismaynowhavetochange.
Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Employmentbecamewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment.
2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment?
A.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies.B.Thedevelopmentoffactories.C.Relieffromhouseworkonthepartofwomen.D.Developmentofmodernmeansoftransportation.
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.mostpeoplewhohavebeenpolledbelievethattheproblemofunemploymentmaynotbesolvedwithinashortperiodoftimeB.manyfarmerslosttheirlandwhennewrailwaysandfactorieswerebeingconstructedC.inperindustrialsocietieshouseworkandcommunityserviceweremainlycarriedoutbywomenD.someofthechangesinworkpatternthattheindustrialagebroughthavebeenreversed
4.Whatdoestheword“daunting"
inthethirdparagraphmean?
A.ShockingB.InterestingC.ConfusingD.Stimulating
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?
A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.
Passage2
UniversityPhysicsisintendedforstudentsofscienceandengineering.Primaryemphasisisonphysicalprinciplesandproblem-solving;
historicalbackgroundandspecializedpracticalapplicationshavebeengivenaplaceofsecondaryimportance.Manyworked-outexamplesandanextensivecollectionofproblemsareincludedwitheachchapter.
Inthisnewedition,thebasicphilosophyandoutlineandthebalancebetweendepthoftreatmentandbreadthofsubject-mattercoverageareunchangedfrompreviouseditions.Wehavetriedtopreservethosefeaturesthatusersofpreviouseditionshavefounddesirable,whileincorporatinganumberofchangesthatshouldenhancethebook'
susefulness.
Thetextbookisadaptabletoawidevarietyofcourseoutlines.Theentiretextbookcanbeusedforanintensivecoursetwoorthreesemestersinlength.Foralessintensivecourse,manyinstructorswillwanttoomitcertainchaptersorsectionstotailorthebooktotheirindividualneeds.Thearrangementofthiseditionfacilitatesthiskindofflexibility.
Conversely,however,manytopicsthatwereregardedafewyearsagoasofperipheral(外围的)importanceandwereomittedfromintroductorycourseshavenowcometotheforeagaininthelifesciences,earthandspacesciences,andenvironmentalproblems.Aninstructorwhowishestostressthesekindsofapplicationswillfindthistextbookausefulsourcefordiscussionoftheappropriateprinciples.
Inanycase,itshouldbeemphasizedthatinstructorsshouldnotfeelconstrained(受约束的)toworkstraightthroughthebookfromcovertocover.Manychaptersare,ofcourse,inherentlysequentialinnature,butwithinthisgenerallimitationinstructorsshouldbeencouragedtoselectamongthecontentsthosechaptersthatfittheirneeds,omittingmaterialthatisnotrelevanttotheobjectivesofaaparticularcourse.
6.Thistextbooklaysstresson.A.theexpositionofphysicalprinciplesB.theprinciplesofphysicsandtheirapplicationC.thedevelopmentofphysicsD.theapplicationofphysicsindifferentfields
7.Comparedwiththeoldone,thisnewedition.A.hasbeenmademoreapplicableB.iseasiertolearnC.coversawiderrangeofsubject-matterD.hasimprovedthebalancebetweentheoryandpractice
8.Oneofthefeaturesofthistextbookisthat.A.somecontentsaredealtwithintermsofphilosophyB.ithasanoutlineforeachchapterC.itintroducesthephysicalprinciplesingreatlengthD.itcanbeusedfordifferentcoursearrangements
9.Theunderlinedwords“conversely,however”(ParA.4)indicatethat.A.manytopicscanbeemphasizedthoughtheywerenotcoveredintheoldeditionB.manytopicscanbeemphasizedthoughtheywereusuallyomittedbyinstructorsC.manytopicshavebeenaddedtotheneweditionastheywerenotcoveredintheoldoneD.manytopicshavebeenaddedtotheneweditionthoughtheycanbeomittedbytheinstructors
10.Tomeettheneedsofaparticularcourse,theteacherofthisbookcanomitsomeofthecontentsprovidedthat.A.hisselectionisbasedontherequestofhisstudentsB.hedoesnotomitanychaptercompletelyC.hisstudentsareparticularlyintelligentD.hekeepsaneyeontheinternalrelationsbetweenthechapters
Passage3
Hamletfisharecautiouslovers.Eacheveningattwilight,manytimesaneveninginfact,apairofthemwillleavethesafetyoftheirCaribbeanreefandrushafewyardsofftheseafloor.Positioningthemselvesside-to-side,head-to-tailtheyhurriedlyreleasetheireggsandsperm.Thentheyturnsharplyforhome,leavestheirgametestomixinsilence.
IchthyologistPhillipLobeloftheWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy"
attheappropriatemoment.
Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.Underwater,however,humanearsdon'
tworkwell.Asaresultresearchersdidn'
tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.
Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletifishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.Thefemalerespondswithadownward,sweepingsoundlikeaslidewhistle.Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.
Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry,whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.“Thesoundisnotascream,it'
sonlyasloudasconversation,"
saysLobel.
Lobelhassincerecordedsoundsfromabouttwodozenotherfishspecies.Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates,andthatfishofthesamespeciesmayevencommunicateinregionaldialects.“Lotsofpeoplesitandwatchtheirlittlefishintheiraquarium,"
Lobelsays,“Well,it'
slikelookingatabirdcagebehindsound-proofglass.Thesethingsareallmakingsounds."
11.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto.A.refuteamisconceptionthatfishdon'
tmakesoun