英语六级真题及参考答案Word下载.docx
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PartIIReadingComprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)
Supersizesurprise
Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit/yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.
Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.
1.Notenoughsleep
Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?
Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.
It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:
sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.
Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.
2.Climatecontrol
Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic(新陈代新的)rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.
Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures(环境温度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.
Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?
Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.
3.Lesssmoking
Badnews:
smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneisnsurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.
KatherineFlegalandcolleagresattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenrespousibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaroud1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.
4.Geneticeffects
Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.childrenofboesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobestthemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grand-childrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.
5.Alittleolder…
Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectreum:
Mexican-americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.
IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.
6.maturemums
Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforavingafristchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.
Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitwere’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.
MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bronchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbronsaccountforagreathershareofthepopulation.In1964,britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;
by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.intheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechile;
in2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.
7.Likemarryinglike
Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers-particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren-itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.
1.A)effectsofobesityonpeople’shealthB)thelinkbetweenlifestyleanobesity
C)NewexplanationsfortheobesityepidemicD)possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic
2.A)gainedtheleastweightB)wereinclinedtoeatless
C)foundtheirvigorenhancedD)werelesssusceptibletoillness
3.A)itmakesussleepyB)itcausessleeploss
C)itincreasesourappetite D)itresultsfromlackofsleep
4.A)itmakesusstayindoorsmore B)itacceleratesourmetabolicrate
C)itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic D)itcontributestoourweightgain
5.A)itthreatenstheirhealth B)itheightenstheirspirits
C)itsuppressestheirappetite D)itslowsdowntheirmetabolism
6.A)heavysmokers B)passivesmokers
C)thosewhoneversmoke D)thosewhoquitsmoking
7.A)thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople
B)therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation
C)theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods
D)theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople
8.accordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremainsnotentirelyclear
9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseoffamilysize
10whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityispartygenetiz
PartIII
ListeningComprehension
SectionA
11.A)Heisquiteeasytorecognize B)heisanoutstandingspeaker
C)helookslikeamoviestar D)helooksyoungforhisage
12.A)consultherdancingteacher B)takeamoreinterestingclass
C)continueherdancingclass D)improveherdancingskills
13.A)themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaid
B)themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospital
C)thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjury
D)thewomanmaynotfollowedthedoctor’sinstructions
14.A)theyarenotinstyleanymore B)theyhavecosthimfartoomuch
C)theynolongersuithiseyesight D)theyshouldbecleanedregularly
15.A)hespilledhisdrinkontothefloor B)hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloor
C)hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhome D)herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone
16.A)fixingsomefurniture B)repairingthetoytrain
C)readingtheinstructions D)assemblingthebookcase
17.A)urgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudy B)helpJennytoprepareforthecomingexams
C)acttowardsJennyinamoresensibleway D)sendJennytoavolleyballtrainingcenter
18.A)Thebuildingofthedamneedsalargebudget
B)theproposedsiteisneartheresidentialarea
C)thelocalpeoplefelinsecureaboutthedam D)thedamposesathreattothelocalenvironment
Question19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejusthe