交际文化在商务活动中的应用学位论文Word文档下载推荐.docx

交际文化在商务活动中的应用学位论文Word文档下载推荐.docx

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国际商务活动;

交际文化;

影响

TableofContents

Abstracti

摘要ii

1.Introduction1

2.TheDefinitionofCross-culturalCommunication3

2.1Hofstede’stheoryofvaluedimension3

2.2Hall’shigh-contextandlow-context3

2.3Understandingcommunicativeculturedifferences3

2.3.1Orientationdifference4

2.3.2Individualismvs.collectivism4

2.3.3Sino-foreignmodesofthinkingdifference5

2.3.4Sino-foreignetiquettedifference6

3.DifferentBehaviorandReasonsintheSameBusinessSituation7

3.1Businessculturecommunicationissue7

3.1.1Theconflictsintheareaofdecision-making7

3.1.2Indirectcommunicationanddirectcommunication7

3.1.3Sourcesofconflicts7

3.1.4Casestudy8

3.2Theapplicationandeffectofcommunicationcultureonbusinesscontract8

3.3Theapplicationandeffectofcommunicationcultureonbusinessdecision-making9

3.3.1Theconflictsintheareaofdecision-making9

3.3.2Powerdistanceissue11

3.4Theapplicationandeffectofcommunicationcultureonmanagementstyle11

3.4.1Cross-culturemanagementstyle11

3.4.2ValuesorientationinHRM11

4.TheStrategyofCommunicativeCultureinInternationalBusinessActivities13

5.Conclusion14

References15

Acknowledgements16

The21stcenturyistheworldeconomyandcultureofthecentury,therapiddevelopmentoftheinternationalcommunicationandbusinesscontactsincreasinglyfrequent.Interculturalcommunicationhasbecomeinevitablereality.Peopleofdifferentbackgrounds,walktoarrivetogether,andcommunicationmustariseobstacles.Timelyandeffectivelyovercomethesecommunicativebarrierscross-culturalcommunicationisthekeytosuccess.Effectivebusinesscommunicationoftenreliesonthedifferentcultureandculturaldifferencesofunderstandingandadapts,reliesonpossibleculturaldifferencesofgoodjudgmentandstrategyadjustment.Therefore,theinternationalbusinesscommunicationactivityofculturaldifferencesaffectresearchisofgreatsignificance.

1.Introduction

Communicationcultureininternationalbusinessactivitiesofresearchathomeandabroad,theforeignbeganinthe1970s,andhasbeenrapidlydevelopmentinrecentdecades,withthemomentumofthesurgeininternationalbusinesscommunication,studytheissuestillexistsvastspace.In1976,Destler，Sato,ClappandotherbusinessnegotiationsintheUS-Japanculturaldifferencescausedifferentresultsofsuchstudiesopenedthefirstofitskind.Inthe1980s,Fisherinitsclassic!

Theinternationalnegotiations,pointedout:

“thegreatertheculturaldifferences,communicationbarriersandmisunderstandingsthatoccurthegreaterthepossibility”（GRICEHP.1975（3）：

41-58）.Inthe1990s,fromtheperspectiveofcross-culturalresearchcultureontheroleofinternationalbusinesscommunicationactivitiesbecomemoredeeplyandwidely.Culturaldiversityofbusinessactivities,Trompenaarseveruniversalismanduniquesocialistandindividualismandcommunitysocialism,neutralmaintendencyandemotionaltendencies,specialtypecultureandtheextensivetypeculture,achievementorientationandbelongingtoguide,timeofcontinuousandmeanwhileaspectstoillustrate.Intheearly21stcentury,thisbookhasbeenincreasing.Studyinforeigncountriesalreadyfromcultureisthefactorsaffectinginternationalbusinessdevelopmenttohowcultureinfluenceinternationalbusinesscommunicationandtheeffectsoftheaspects.

Thisaspectofthedomesticresearchstartsalthoughlate,butinafewshortyearsalsoappearsmanyachievements.ZhaoXianginthemulticulturalcontextofcross-culturalcommunicationandmanagementbackground,discusscultureincommercialcontract,businessnegotiationandbusinessetiquette,explainthedifferencesbetweenlearningandusingtherelatedknowledgeandskills,reduceoreliminateduetoculturaldifferencesandcausemisunderstanding,frictionandconflict,toeffectivelyengagedininternationalbusinessactivities,hasveryimportantpracticalsignificance.Communicativebehavior,YangQianandHuChunFeng（2006）analyzethreekindsofnon-verbalcommunication（visual,gestures,facialexpressionsoftheculturaldifferencesandtheinternationalbusinessnegotiation）,discussestheapplicationofnon-verbalcommunicationincross-culturalcommunicationofimportance.ZhaoYaoinlinguisticsbranchpragmaticsofimportantconcepts-contextasastartingpoint,fromcommunicativecontext,languagecontextandculturalcontextthreecross-culturalcommunication,usingadaptationofcontextfactorstheoryexplanationcross-culturalbackgroundofthecommunicatorincommunicationprocesshowtoconductcontextadaptation,inordertoachievesuccessfulcross-culturalcommunication.（2006（3）:

108–110）BusinessEnglishteachingarediscussed,LiuSenLin（2005）internationalbusinessnegotiationofEnglishteachingcharacteristic,definethescopeofteaching,thispaperdiscussesinternationalnegotiationsbusinessEnglishteachingdevelopmenttrendanddirection,andpointedoutthebusinessnegotiationsintheEnglishteachingprofessionalteachers'

training,originalauthenticbusinessnegotiationsimagingteachingmaterialselectionofaspectsneededtoresolvesomeproblems.

2.TheDefinitionofCross-culturalCommunication

Interculturalcommunicationreferstocommunicationamongpeoplewhoseculturalbackgroundsaredifferentfromeachother.Thereareseveraltypesofit,includinginter-racecommunication（which 

isamongdifferentraces）,inter-nationalitycommunication（whichis 

amongdifferentnationalities）andinter-groupcommunications（whichisamongdifferentgroupofpeopleofthesamemainstreamcultureorsameethnicculture）.Theculturalknowledgewhich 

effectsthecommunication 

ininter-groupcommunicationduetotheculturaldifferenceofpeopleiscalledcommunicativeculture.

Therearetwoimportanttheoriesaboutculturalpatternsininterculturalcommunication.OneisHall’stheoryofHigh-contextandLow-contextOrientation.TheotherisHofstede’stheoryofValueDimensions.

2.1Hofstede'

stheoryofvaluedimension

Hofstedeapply“value”（theValueSurveyModule）SurveyrespondentsforIBMpresidedovertwiceinvestigationanddatacollectedinstatisticalanalysis,finallyisolatedcontrastValuesoffourvaluedimensions,namelytheindividualismandcollectivism;

powerdistance;

Uncertaintyavoidance;

Masculineandfeminine.Peoplefromdifferentcultures,showingtheattitudes,ideas,beliefs,andbehaviorofthedifferencesinthesefourdimensionsreflected,andhasformedunderstandcertainsocialnormsfoundation.

2.2Hall’shigh-contextandlow-context

Hallwithhighcontextandlowcontextorientationtheorytoexplaintheindividualimplicitinformationdependson:

“high-textcommunicationreferstotheexchangeprocessimplicitmeaningmore,clearcodinginformationtransmittedless;

lowcontextexchangeopposite,thevastmajorityofinformationshouldpassclearcodingrelay.”（HALLET,HALLMR.1990:

6）Specifically,inhigh-textculture,peoplearemorewillingtoindirect,goodtactfully,veiledexchanges,meaningoftencontainedininformation,needtobeunderstoodbyreasoning,straightforwardconsideredbrusqueandunwelcome.Theyareofnonverbalexpressionthanlowsensitivityofhigh-textculture.Theythinktheeyes,expression,action,orevensilencecanexpressinlanguagecannotexpressmeaning.Theytrytoavoiddirectconflictwithhints,usuallyexpressdissatisfaction.Inthecourseoftheexchange,theyalmostneversaydirectly.

2.3Understandingcommunicativeculturedifferences

Oneofthekeysforanycompanycompetingintheglobalmarketplaceistounderstandthediverseculturesoftheindividualsinvolved.Whethermanagingculturallydiverseindividualswithinasinglelocationormanagingindividualsatremotelocationsaroundtheglobe,anappreciationofthedifferencesamongculturesiscrucial.

2.3.1Orientationdifference

Culturealsodiffersintimeorientation;

thatis,whethertheculture’svaluesareorientedtowardthefuture（long-termorientation）.Inchina,cultureswithalong-termorientation,valuessuchasthriftandpersistence,whichfocusonthefuture,areemphasized.InRussia,theorientationisshort-term.Valuessuchasrespectfortradition（past）andmeetingsocialobligations（present）areemphasized.

（i）.Time

Normsregardingpunctualitydiffersignificantlyfromcountrytocountry.IntheUniteStatespeopletendtobeverytime-conscious.ConscientiousAmericansarriveafewminuteslate.Inmanyothercountriesattitudestowardtimeareverydifferent.Itisnotnecessarilyabreachofetiquettetoarrivealittlelateforabusinessappointment;

indeed,itmightbeconsideredimpolitetoarriveearly.Asfordinnerinvitations,arrivingontimemabeverybadmanners.InGreatBritain,forexample,whensomeonesays,“Comefordinneratseven”,whattheymeanis,“Comebetween7:

30and8:

00,”Theguestwhoarrivesat7:

00islikelytofindanunpreparedandembarrassedhost.Similarly,whenanArgentineansays“Comefordinneranytimeaftereight,”whattheymeanis,“Donotcomeat8:

00;

thatwouldbefartooearly”.

（ii）.Giftgiving

Thenormsofgiftgivingalsovarysignificantlyfromcountrytocountry.InGreatBritainforexample,wheninvitedtosomeone’shomefordinneritisnotnecessarytobringagift,butitispolitetooffertobringabottleofwinetheywouldlike.Incontrast,inJapanitisconsideredrudenottobringagiftwheninvitedtosomeone’shome,a