湖北仙桃一中学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题Word下载.docx

湖北仙桃一中学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题Word下载.docx

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Inthatcentury,manypeopleinRomanEmpireworkedundergroundinminestosupporttheirfamilies.Butmostofthemsufferedfromandeveneventuallydiedofrespiratory（呼吸的）illnesses.Toaddressthisproblem,PlinytheElder（23-79AD）,recommendedtheuseofanimalbladder（膀胱）skinstostopdustfrombeingbreathedin.Althoughsimple,hisideawasconsideredtheveryfirstrecordedmaskinvention.

19thcentury

Thedesignofthemasktookabigstepforwardinthe19thcentury.In1848,AmericanLewisHassleybecamethefirstpersontopatent（注册专利）aprotectivemaskforminers,whichwasamilestoneinfacemaskhistory.Masksatthisstageweresimilartogasmasks.Later,in1897,Polish-AustriandoctorJohanndesignedasimplemaskcomposedofonelayerofgauze（纱布）.

20thcentury

In1910,anepidemicbrokeoutinNortheastChina.ChinesedoctorWuLiandedesignedacheapfacemaskcalled“Wu’smask”.Madeoftwolayersofsurgicalgauze,itcouldbewrappedaroundthebackoftheheadandtiedinaknot.Thismaskwaspraisedbyexpertsaroundtheworld,asitwassimpletomanufactureandhadalowproductioncost.

Modernexploration

Withseveraloutbreaksofinfectiousdiseasesandtheflu,andtheriseofpollutioncausedbyindustrialwaste,thematerialsinmaskshavecontinuedtoevolvetobetterprotectitswearer.Inthefuture,maskswillcontinuetoimprove,hopefullysowillthehabitsofhumans.

1．Accordingtothetext,whyweremasksinventedinthefirstcentury?

A．Toreducetheriskofinfection.

B．Toprotectminersfromdust.

C．Toindicatepatientswithrespiratoryillnesses.

D．Toprotectdoctorsfromharmfulchemicals.

2．Whatwasconsideredamilestoneinfacemaskhistory?

A．Gettingapatentonprotectivemasksforminers.

B．Usingclothinsteadofanimalskins.

C．Theinventionofgasmasksin1897.

D．Usingmorethanonelayerofgauze.

3．“Wu’smask”grewpopulararoundtheworldbecause_____.

A．itcouldbeusedmultipletimes

B．itwascheapandeasytomanufacture

C．itwassimpleforpeopletowear

D．itcouldbetterprotectpeoplefromsmog

4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Acomparisonofdifferentmasks.

B．Thebenefitsofusingmasks.

C．Theevolutionofmasks.

D．Therolesmasksplayedatdifferenttimes.

Ourhousewasacrossthestreetfromabighospital,sowerentedourspareupstairsroomtooutpatients（门诊病人）.Oneevening,therewasaknockatthedoor.Iopenedittoseeatrulysick-lookingman.

Hisfacelookedterrible–itwasswollenandred.Yethisvoicewaspleasant.Hetoldmethathecamefortreatmentandthathe’dbeenhuntingforaspareroomsincenoon,butnoonewouldgivehimone.“Iguessit’smyface...”

Foramoment,Ihesitated,buthisnextwordsconvincedme:

“I’llsleepinthisrockingchairontheporch（门廊）.Mybusleavesearlyinthemorning.”

Theoldmanhadahugeheartinsidehistinybody.Hetoldmethathefishedforalivingtosupporthisdaughter,hisdaughter’sfivechildrenandherdisabledhusband.

Hedidn’tcomplainwhiletellingmehisstory.Hewasgratefulthatnopainaccompaniedhisdisease,whichwasseeminglyaformofskincancer.

Thenextmorning,hesaid,“CanIcomebackandstaythenexttimeIneedtreatment?

”Itoldhimhewaswelcometocomeagain.

Onhisnexttrip,asagift,hebroughtabigfishandsomelargeoysters（牡蛎）.Intheyearsthathestayedwithus,therewasneveratimethathedidnotbringusgiftslikethese.

MyneighborwarnedmethatIcouldlosepotentialrentersbyputtinguptheoldmanafterheleftthefirstmorning.

Maybewedidloserentersonceortwice.Butiftheyhadknownhim,perhapstheirillnesseswouldhavebeeneasiertobear.Iknowourfamilywillalwaysbegratefultohaveknownhim;

Fromhim,welearnedwhatitwastoacceptthebadwithoutcomplaintandthegoodwithgratitude.

5．Theauthorhesitatedtoansweratfirst,whichsuggeststhat_____.

A．therewasnospaceforthemantostay

B．thereweredifficultneighborstoconsider

C．hewonderedhowthemanfoundhim

D．hewasfrightenedbywhatthemanlookedlike

6．Whichofthefollowingshowsthattheoldmanhadabigheart?

A．Hesupportedalargefamily.

B．Hecouldsleepontheporch.

C．Hefeltskincancerwasn’tpainful.

D．Hecomplainedabouthowotherstreatedhim.

7．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A．Theauthortrulyappreciatedtheoldman.

B．Theauthorlookeddownonhisneighbor.

C．Theauthorwasgratefulfortheneighbor’swarning.

D．Theauthorwasdisappointedtolosepotentialrenters.

8．Whichoptionbestdescribesthemainmessageofthisarticle?

A．Akindwordislikeaspringday.

B．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

C．Complainingnevermakesanythingbetter.

D．Don’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.

Withtheinternetandsmartphones,peoplehaveimmediateaccesstonewsfromallovertheworld.Itsoundslikeagoodthing,butcanthereeverbetoomuchofit?

Whileaccesstonewsisimportant,thenewsitselfisusuallybad.Thismakessomesense.Notmanypeoplewouldbuyanewspaperwithheadlineslike,“Everythingisgreat!

”or,“Theskyismorebluetodaythanyesterday.”

Yetthereisaproblemthatcomesfromtheamountofnewswe’retakingin.Peoplefeelincreasedanxietybecausetheygetsomuchnegativeinformation.

Whyisthishappening?

Associalanimals,humansareempathetic（感同身受的）towardeachother.Thisisgreatforourcommunities,butwhenwereadaboutpeoplesufferinginafarawayplace,wefeelheartbroken.Thiswonderfulthingabouthumansinsteadbecomespartoftheproblem.

“There’sactually,formanypeople,physicalpaininwantingtohelp–--ourheartgoesouttothem,”USProfessorCharlesFigley,amentalhealthspecialist,toldNationalPublicRadio.Hecallsit“bad-newsburnout（倦怠）.”Otherscallit“thehopegap”,whichreferstothephenomenonthatwefeelsurroundedbyproblems.

Beforethisnewsstressesyouout,takeadeepbreath,becauseyoucantakecontrolofthesituationrightnow.ThefirststepistotakeFigley’sadviceandturnoffthenews.“Wecan’tobviouslyrunawayandhideforever,butyes,wedoneedtotakebreaks,”hesaid.

Next,changethescenery.Leavetheroomwhereyougetnewsandnegativeinformation.Betteryet,goforawalk.Don’tletnewsintothepartsofyourlifethataremeantforsocializingorrelaxing.“Lightenup,justenjoylife,smilemore,laughmore,anddon’tgetsoworkedupaboutthings,”IrishactorKennethCharlesBranaghtoldUS-basedInterviewMagazine.

Lifeisshortandyourtimeisvaluable.Makemoretimeforfriends,familyandhobbies.Youdon’tneedtospenditworryingaboutthingsyoucan’tcontrol.Instead,directyourenergytowardthethingsyoucanchange.

9．Whatdoestheword“problem”inParagraph3referto?

A．Peoplearefacedwithtoomuchinformation.

B．Thereistoolittlegoodnewsinnewspapers.

C．Fakenewsishavinganimpactonpeople’slives.

D．Peoplegetanxiouswithsomuchnegativenews.

10．TheauthorquotesFigley’swordsinParagraph5mainlyto______.

A．explainthebenefitsofhumancompassion

B．showthatit’simpossibletosolveallproblems

C．explainhowpeopleareaffectedbybadnews

D．provethatbadnewscancauseillnesses

11．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledowiththestresscausedbynegativeinformation?

A．Avoidreadinganybadnews.

B．Talktoaclosefriend.

C．Findarelaxingenvironment.

D．Findsomegoodnewstoread.

12．Theunderlinedphrase“workedup”inthesecondtolastparagraphprobablymeans______.

A．confusedB．upset

C．optimisticD．surprised

Youknowtheoldphrase,“Practicemakesperfect.”Thatmaynotalwaysbetrue.AccordingtoarecentstudypublishedinRoyalSocietyOpenScience,thereareotherfactorsforreachingelite（最优秀的）levelsofability.

Theresearcherssetouttoreplicate（复制）theprocessofanow-famous1993studyoftop-levelviolinistsandpianists.Onaverage,theearlierstudyfoundthattop-rankedmusicianshadclockedover10,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20.Itbelievedtheirsuccesswasduetothehoursspentpracticing,notbecauseofnaturaltalent,learningskillsandotherfactors.

AuthorMalcolmGladwellcalled10,000hours“themagicnumberofgreatness”.

Questioningthisconclusion,BrookeMacnamaraandMeghaMaitra,fromCaseWesternReserveUniversityinOhio,US,soughtvolunteerstoputthe10,000-hourruletothetest.

Thepairorganizedviolinistsintothreegroups,basedonwhethertheirtutorsratedthemasthebestplayers,goodplayers,oraverageplayers.Theywerethentoldtorecordhowlongtheypracticedeveryweek.

Theyfoundthatthe“average”playershadaround6,000hoursofpractice.However,therewaslittleseparatingthegoodfromthebestmusicians.Bothgroupshadapproximately11,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20.

“Onceyougettothehighlyskilledgroups,practicestopsaccountingforthedifference,”MacnamaratoldtheGuardian.“Smallerfactorsthendeterminewhogoesontothatsuper-elitelevel.”

“Thefactorsdependontheskillbeinglearned:

inchessitcouldbeintelligenceorworkingmemory,insportitmaybehowefficientlyapersonusesoxygen,”shesaid.Shealsopointedoutthefactorofmotivationandtheinteractionsofdifferentfactors.

Itshouldbesaidthatneithersidediscountsthevalueofmakinganeffort.Evenifyouaren’tdestined（命中注定的）tobetheworld’sgreatestviolinist,practicewill