学年人教版高二英语暑假作业18.docx

学年人教版高二英语暑假作业18.docx

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学年人教版高二英语暑假作业18

2017-2018学年人教版高二英语暑假作业（18）

一、阅读理解

1.   ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles（UCLA）havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstress-relateddisorders.

  Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame“fight-or-flight”reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysicalconflict（“fight”）,ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation（“flight”）.However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefight-or-flightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend”.Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung（“tend”）,andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers--especiallyotherfemales（“befriend”）.

   Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefight-or-flightreactiontostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormonesreleasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletend-or-befriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin,hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofchildbirth,butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyE.Taylor,explainedthat“animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.”Whilemenalsosecrete（分泌）oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.

   Intermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelythanmentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.

   Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.

   Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstress-relateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetend-and-befriendregulatory（调节的）systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplainwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.

1.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomento________.

A.turntofriendsforhelp

B.solveaconflictcalmly

C.findanescapefromreality

D.seekcomfortfromchildren

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtothepassage?

A.Menhaveahigherlevelofoxytocinthanwomen.

B.Peoplewithlowlevelsofoxytocinaremorerelaxed.

C.Bothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofoxytocin.

D.Oxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonmen.

3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Malehormoneshelpbuildupthebody'sresistancetostress.

B.Inafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherdoes.

C.Biologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestostress.

D.TheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchfindings.

4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Howmenandwomengetoverstress.

B.Howmenandwomensufferfromstress.

C.Howresearchersovercomestressproblems.

D.Howresearchershandlestress-relateddisorders.

2   MannersnowadaysinbigcitieslikeLondonareparticularlynon-existent.It'snothingforabig,strongschoolboytopushanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonabus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheoughtto.Infact,itissaddeningtonotethatifamandoesofferhisseattoanolderwoman,itisnearlyalwaysonefromtheoldergeneration.

   Thisquestionofgivingupseatsinpublictransportismucharguedbyyoungmen,whosaythat,sincewomenhaveclaimedequality,theynolongerdeservetobetreatedwithcourtesyandthatthosewhogoouttoworkshouldtaketheirtumintheratracelikeanyoneelse.Womenhaveneverclaimedtobephysicallyasstrongasmen.Evenifit'snotagreed,however,thatyoungmenshouldstandupforolderwomen,thefactremainsthatcourtesyshouldbeshowntotheold,thesickandtheburdened.Arewereallysolosttoallidealsofunselfishnessthatwecansitthereindifferentlyreadingthepaperorabook,sayingtoourselves"Firstcome,firstserved",whileagray-hairedwoman,amotherwithayoungchildoracripplestands?

Yetthisistoooftenseen.

   Olderpeople,tiredandeasyannoyedfromaday'swork,aren'tangels,either-farfromit.Manyanargumentoranins